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TLU3 Checkpoints: Hardware & OS Basics

The document outlines the processes involved in computer booting, including hardware inventory, BIOS and UEFI functionalities, and the role of the kernel. It discusses memory management concepts like virtual memory and the differences between high-level and low-level programming languages. Additionally, it explains the functions of interpreters and compilers in code execution.

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3 views2 pages

TLU3 Checkpoints: Hardware & OS Basics

The document outlines the processes involved in computer booting, including hardware inventory, BIOS and UEFI functionalities, and the role of the kernel. It discusses memory management concepts like virtual memory and the differences between high-level and low-level programming languages. Additionally, it explains the functions of interpreters and compilers in code execution.

Uploaded by

ligwibamota
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Ligwiba Mota 11K1

TLU3: Checkpoint 1 and 2

Checkpoint 1

1. 1) An inventory of the hardware connected to the computer is obtained from the


CMOS

2) Hardware is tested to determine if it is functioning correctly

3)The BIOS locates the MBR, the MBR is responsible for loading and executing the
operating system kernel.

[Link] is a more efficient system compared to BIOS

[Link] supports Secure Boot and networking features within the UEFI firmware.

4. Hardware and user settings.

5. The kernel is the core of a computer’s operating system and it remains in the RAM.

6. Secondary Storage

7. It means that the process is waiting for an input.

8. When data has not been inputted or a specific event has not happened.

9. A signal sent to the CPU from hardware or software indicating the need for the CPU’s
attention.

10. Hardware and Software

11,1. Multitasking is a technique used by the operating system to appear to be running


multiple programs simultaneously.

11.2 Multithreading is when one program can have several different threads running at
the same time.

12. Its used by the CPU to identify which device is interrupting it.

13. An IO range.

14. the buffer holds the entire file and copy it to the secondary storage instead of
copying line by line.

15. By identifying the IRQ, which tells where the interrupt came from.

Checkpoint 2
1. Virtual memory is when the OS takes part of the hard disk as an extension of RAM,
this Virtual memory extends the number of addresses that RAM has and requires pages
to be swapped between the RAM and the hard disk.

2. Requires pages to be swapped between the RAM and the hard disk.

3. A slower device is used when the faster RAM is full.

4. Source code: code the human wrote

Object code is a new file where source code that has been compiled directly to
machine code

Bytecode: when source code is compiled to an intermediate representation

5.

High level programming language Low level programming language


• Closer to human language • Closer to machine language
• High level of abstraction • Low level of abstraction

[Link] means that the underlying workings of the computer are hidden from the
programmer.

7. Interpreters read and execute the code directly, with no compilation stage.

Compilers transform the code into an executable form before running.

8. The object code for delphi is machine-dependant, the object code for java is
machine-independent.

9. FETCH a program instruction from memory.

DECODE (understand) the instruction (using the CPU’s instruction set).

EXECUTE the instruction, using data, if necessary.

STORE the result obtained back in the main memory or send to an output device.

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