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Masonry Roofs

The document discusses the structure and functions of roofs, highlighting their role in protecting buildings from weather elements, providing aesthetic value, and accommodating services. It categorizes roofs into flat and pitched types, detailing their materials, advantages, and disadvantages. Additionally, it explains various roofing terminologies and components, such as rafters, eaves, and spans.

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cliffochieng525
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40 views5 pages

Masonry Roofs

The document discusses the structure and functions of roofs, highlighting their role in protecting buildings from weather elements, providing aesthetic value, and accommodating services. It categorizes roofs into flat and pitched types, detailing their materials, advantages, and disadvantages. Additionally, it explains various roofing terminologies and components, such as rafters, eaves, and spans.

Uploaded by

cliffochieng525
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
i ROOFS a roof is that structure above the walls which covers the building above. T roof consists of a ai and a covering. The frame provides the strong base upon which the roof covering is i FUNCTIONS OF A ROOF i. To keep off weather elements e.g. rains, sunshine, wind etc. i. To provide beauty to the building To provide space for accommodating services e.g. electric cables, water pipes etc To submit sunlight into the building. This is in form of tr ranslucent roofing sheet. v. To provide sleeping space e.g. dormer windows FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Strong and durable Weather resistance Provide thermal insulation Provide sun insulation v. Be made from aesthetic material Types of roofs ‘A roof can be classified as flat roof or pitched roof. A flat roof is that whose angle of inclination to the horizontal (pitch or slope) is between 0-10°.Apitched roof is that whose angle of inclination is between 10°-70° 1, FLAT ROOFS There are two categories of flat roofs namely ‘A. Concrete flat roof B. Timber flat roofs ‘A, CONCRETE ROOF: Concrete roofs have the following advantages They are durable ii, Fire resistance iii, They are economical They are easily and readily designed for use iv. ‘of is that they are liable to leakage and are ‘The only disadvantage of concrete flat ro ditions inside building especially I the often responsible for ‘uncomfortable thermal con¢ tropical regions. B, TIMBER FLAT ROOF eee i In the construction of timber flat roofs, soft wood timber joist is placed one edge. The joists sn vys.225mm deep, Ommthick spaced at [Link] main problem with joist is Jeformation by warping or twisting as such when joists are laid on the wall plate they should ‘emain as vertical as possible without disruption. To ensure that the joist remains straight, Some pieces of timber are placed in between the joists in a perpendicular manner. This process is called strutting. E FS ; 2 PTC eee angle of the slope to horizontal (iteh) is between 10°-70°. There various is i categories of these types of roofs such as a. Single wot b. Couple roo © ootipurtiny wot Triple (tram Single roof This is a fp and Wall plate att (mono piteh) fi ) roof ay oF Which feet, Th mono piteh lean to roof doubl ean-to roof (pent roof) { Baten 1 Momopiter rey Doubie Lean-te uf Vesnarey ox a pene mej) = fs y Which are nailed to the ridge at the such as Coverity Ref boure Face wan plate b, couple roof This roof has a pair of spars fixe a types of this roof, > Open couple roof > Closed couple roof > Collar roof here are several each other and nailed at the rid " Chossecl yup (oven) Couple up ——Coilar So Spar Collar reof- Rielye Lowrd. Pp Ridge Cap Roof Covering Spar —— Balens wall Plate. Cleary span —_ Effechve Span vl DE™MILED RwPre ¢,double roof (PURLIM) This is also called purlin roof. This additional member i add is usuall gable walls. The purpose of the purlin is to support the spars and the. root coveras an ———----- Battens Rovf Cove yang Rafter 7 L Wwati piate, gable vat Aj wai, IA d, trussed roof 7 ' keving. bruce | king pose Ss but wooN Py Tie (Sy esis Queen buss | Quen post. — kethg Pose Sout Mansaad buss ———Gueen pos; —— TERMINOLOGys USED ON ROoF 1. PUSS: This j Parte “DY joining several members together Spars. They are supp Common rafter: This tidge down to the 4. Ridge: This is the highest point of the spars (Common rafter) The spars are fixed at the ridge board of tidge piece ize but star from the 5 Eaves: An eave means 2 cleat span which isthe horizontal distance between the faces of the walls which supports the roof > effective span which is the horizontal distance between the centers of the support walls & Rise: This is vertical height measure? from the lowest to the highest point of the roof. 10. Roof covering: This is the external material which is fixed on the roof to protect the 11. Jack rafter: This is a short spar which runs from the hip to the eaves or from the 12. Hip: This isa line produced when two surfaces intercept to form an ext A hip rafter isthe timber at the intersection of the ‘wo hips. A hip rafter usually Supports upper ends of the jack rafters 13. Valleys: This is formed by intersection of two Surfaces having an external angle of Tess than 180°. The timber m

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