WEST PRIME HORIZON INSTITUTE, INC.

PAGADIAN CITY
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II

COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector : ELECTRONICS

Qualification Title : COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency : SET-UP COMPUTER NETWORK

Module Title : SETTING-UP COMPUTER NETWORK

WEST PRIME HORIZON INSTITUTE, INC

V. SagunCor. M. Roxas, San Francisco District,

Pagadian city

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HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the Module “SET-UP COMPUTER NETWORKS”. This module contains

training materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency “SETTING-UP COMPUTER NETWORKS” contains knowledge,

skills and attitudes required for a Computer System Servicing NC II course.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome there are
Information Sheets, Task Sheets, and Job Sheets. Follow these activities on your own and
answer the Self-Check at the end of each learning activity.

If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your Trainer for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some of the knowledge and skills covered in this module because
you have:

● Been working for some time

● Already have already completed training in this area.

If you can demonstrate to your Trainer that you are competent in a particular skill
or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you don’t have to do
the same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from
previous training, show it to your teacher. If the skills you acquired are still current and
relevant to this module, they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL.
If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss it with your Trainer.

After completing this module ask your Trainer to assess your competency. Result
of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities
are designed for you to complete at your own pace. Inside this module you will find the
activities for you to complete followed by relevant information sheets for each learning
outcome. Each learning outcome may have more than one learning activity.

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COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

List of Core Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1 Install and configure Installing and configuring ELC724331

computer systems computer systems

2 Set-Up Computer Setting-up Computer Networks ELC724332

Networks

3 Set-up Computer Servers Setting up Computer Servers ELC724333

4 Maintain and Repair Maintaining and Repairing ELC724334

Computer Systems and Computer Networks
Networks

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL…………………… 2

LIST OF COMPETENCIES…………………………………………….………………………………..4

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………………. 5

MODULE CONTENT……………………………………………………………………………

LEARNING EXPERIENCES…………………………………………………………………………………

INFORMATION SHEET………………………………………………………………………………………..

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MODULE CONTENT

Program/Course : COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency : SET-UP COMPUTER NETWORKS

Module : SETTING-UP COMPUTER NETWORKS

INTRODUCTION:

This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Computer System
Servicing NCII. It includes activities and materials on Setting up Computer Network.

Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding module on the
SETTING-UP COMPUTER SERVERS.

This module consists of 4 learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains

learning activities supported by each instruction sheet. Before you perform the
instructions, read the information sheets and answer the self-check and activities
provided to ascertain to yourself and your trainer that you have acquired the knowledge
necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular learning outcome.

Upon completion of this module, report to your trainer for assessment to check
your achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of this module. If you pass the
assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the module you should be able to:

LO1. INSTALL NETWORK CABLES

LO2. SET NETWORK CONFIGURATION

LO3. SET ROUTER/WI-FI/ WIRELESS ACCESS POINT/REPEATER CONFIGURATION

LO4. INSPECT AND TEST THE CONFIGURED COMPUTER NETWORKS

LO1. INSTALL NETWORK CABLES

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Learning Activities Special Instructions

● Read Information Sheets 2.1-1

“Network Concepts”
In these Learning outcomes you
● Trainer to Discuss Network
should be able to understand, explain,
Concepts using ppt.
and apply Install Network Cables.
● Answer Self-Check CO2.1-1
“Network Concepts”

Go Through Information Sheets and

● Compare your answer in Answer
answer self-checks to ensure that
Key CO2.1-1 “Network Concepts”
knowledge of standards in install
● Read Information Sheets CO2.1-2 network cables is acquired.
“Network Topology”

● Trainer to Discuss Network

Topology using ppt.
The output of this Learning Outcome
● Answer Self-Check CO2.1-2
is the following.
“Network Topology”

● Compare your answer in Answer

● Learn the Network Concepts
Key CO2.1-2 “Network Topology”

● Have Knowledge About Different

● Read Information Sheets CO 2.1-3
“Network OHS & 5s Principles” ○ Network Topologies

● Trainer to Discuss Network ● Perform Cabling Splicing &

Topology using ppt. Testing maintenance.

● Answer Self-Check CO2.1-3 ● Perform Cable Installation

“Network OHS & 5s Principles” ● Do Waste Management

● Compare your answer in Answer

Key CO.1-3 “Network OHS & 5s
Show your output to your trainer for
Principles”
his feedback as you accomplish them.

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● Read Information Sheets CO2.1-4

“Network Tools, Materials &
Testing Devices”

● Trainer to Discuss Network Tools,

Materials & Testing Devices using
ppt.

● Answer Self-Check CO2.1-4 in

“Network Tools, Materials &
Testing Devices”

● Compare your answer in Answer

Key

● CO2.1-4 “Network Tools, Materials

& Testing Devices”

● Read Information Sheets CO2.1-5

“Network cable installation and
testing.”

● Trainer to Discuss Network cable

installation and testing using ppt.

● Perform Task-Sheet CO2.1-5 in

“Network cable installation and
testing”

● Check Performance Criteria

Checklist CO2.1-5a “Network cable
installation and testing”

● Perform Job-Sheet CO2.1-5 in

“Network cable installation and

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testing”

● Check Performance Criteria

Checklist

● CO2.1-5b “Network cable

installation and testing”

● Read Information Sheets CO2.1-6

“Waste Management”

● Trainer to Discuss Waste

Management using ppt.

● Answer Self-Check CO2.1-6

“Network Concepts”

● Compare your answer in Answer

Key CO2.1-6 “Waste Management”

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INFORMATION SHEET 2.1-1

NETWORK CONCEPTS

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Have knowledge about network concepts

2. Identify the different components of network

3. Identify the different types of network

Before installing network cable you should have knowledge about the Networking
Concepts.

What is a Computer Network?

● Two or more computers connected together through a communication media

form a computer network.

● The computers are connected in a network to exchange information and data. The
computers connected in a network can also use resources of other computers.

Computer Network Components

There are different components of a network. Following are the basic components of the
network.

1. Server - Powerful computers that provides services to the other computers on the
network

2. Client - Computer that uses the services that a server provides the client is less
powerful than server

3. Media - A physical connection between the devices on a network

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4. Network Adapter - Network adapter or network interface card (NIC) is a circuit

board with the components necessary for sending and receiving data. It is plugged into
one of the available slots on the Pc and transmission cable is attached to the connector
on the NIC.

5. Resources - Anything available to a client on the network is considered a resource

printers, data, fax devices and other network devices and information are resources.

6. User - Any person that uses a client to access resources on the network

7. Protocols - These are written rules used for communications. They are the
languages that computers use to talk to each other on a network

Different Types of Computer Network

● Local Area Network (LAN) - Supplies networking capability to a group of

computers in close proximity to each other such as in an office building, a school,
or a home. A LAN is useful for sharing resources like files, printers, games or other
applications.
● Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - Is a computer network that usually spans a
city or a large campus, A MAN usually interconnects a number of (LANs) using a
high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links.
● Wide Area Network (WAN) - Is a network that covers a broad area (i.e., any
telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national
boundaries) using private or public network transports, Business and government
entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees, clients, buyers, and
suppliers from various geographical locations. In essence, this mode of
telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily
function regardless of location. The Internet can be considered a WAN as well, and
is used by businesses, governments, organizations, and individuals for almost any
purpose imaginable.
● Storage Area Network (SAN) - Is a high-speed sub network of shared storage
devices, A storage device is a machine that contains nothing but a disk or disks for
storing data.

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● Virtual Private Network (VPN) - Technology included in Windows Server 2003

helps enable cost-effective, secure remote access to private networks. VPN
allows administrators to take advantage of the Internet to help provide the
functionality and security of private WAN connections at a lower cost. In Windows
Server 2003, VPN is enabled using the Routing and Remote Access service. VPN
is part of a comprehensive network access solution that includes support for
authentication and authorization services, and advanced network security
technologies.

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Self-check 2.1-1

Multiple Choices:

1. Two or more computers connected together through a communication media?

a. Computer
b. Computer Network
c. Network
d. All of the Above
2. Powerful computers that provides services to the other computers on the
network?
a. Network Adapter
b. Client
c. Server
d. Media
3. Computer that uses the services that a server provides?
a. a.) Client
b. Media
c. Server
d. Network Adapter
4. A physical connection between the devices on a network?
a. Client
b. Media
c. Server
d. Network Adapter
5. Any person that uses a client to access resources on the network?
a. Client
a. User
b. Server
c. Media
6. Supplies networking capability to a group of computers in close proximity to each
other such as in an office building, a school, or a home?

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a. Local Area Network

b. Metropolitan Area Network
c. Wide Area Network
d. Storage Area Network
7. Is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus?
a. Local Area Network
b. Metropolitan Area Network
c. Wide Area Network
d. Virtual Private Network
8. Is it a network that covers a broad area?
a. Local Area Network
b. Metropolitan Area Network
c. Wide Area Network
d. Storage Area Network
9. Is a machine that contains nothing but a disk or disks for storing data?
a. Local Area Network
b. Metropolitan Area Network
c. Wide Area Network
d. Storage Area Network
10. [Link] administrators to take advantage of the Internet to help provide the
functionality and security of private WAN connections at a lower cost.
a. Local Area Network
b. Metropolitan Area Network
c. Wide Area Network
d. Virtual Private Network

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Answer key 2.1-1

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. B

5. B

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. D

10. D

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Information Sheets CO2.1-2

“Network Topology”

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Learn the Different Network Topology

2. Draw Network Topology

Network topology is the diagram that you will follow in installing network cables.

What is Network Topology?

- Physical and logical network layout of computer Network.

Physical – actual layout of the computer cables and other network devices.

Logical – the way in which the network appears to the devices that use it.

COMMON TOPOLOGIES:

BUS TOPOLOGY

- Uses a trunk or backbone to which all of the computers on the network

connect.
- Systems connect to this backbone using T connectors or taps
- Coaxial cablings (10Base-2, 10Base5) were popular options years ago.

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BUS TOPOLOGY
Advantages Disadvantages

Cheap and easy to implement Network disruption when computers are

added or removed
Require less cable A break in the cable will prevent all
Systems from accessing the network.
Does not use any specialized network Difficult to Troubleshoot
to troubleshoot.

RING TOPOLOGY

1. Logical ring

- Meaning that data travels in circular fashion from one computer to another on
the network.

- Typically FDDI, SONET or Token Ring technology are used to implement a ring
network

- Ring networks are most commonly wired in a star configuration

2. Token Ring

- Has multi-station access unit (MSAU), equivalent to hub or switch.

- MSAU performs the token circulation internally.

RING TOPOLOGY

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Advantages Disadvantages

Cable faults are easily located, making Expansion to the network can cause
troubleshooting easier network disruption

Ring networks are moderately easy to install A single break in the cable can
disrupt the entire network.

STAR TOPOLOGY

- All computers/devices connect to a central

device called hub or switch.
- Each device requires a single cable point-
to- point connection between the device
and hub.
- Most widely implemented
- Hub is the single point of failure

STAR TOPOLOGY
Advantages Disadvantages

Easily expanded without disruption Requires more cable to the network

Cable failure affects only a single User A central connecting device allows for a
single point of failure

Easy to troubleshoot and isolate to problems More difficult to implement

MESH TOPOLOGY

- Each computer connects to every other.

- High level of redundancy.

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- Rarely used.
- Wiring is very complicated
- Cabling cost is high
- Troubleshooting a failed cable is tricky A variation hybrid mesh – create point to
point connection between specific network devices, often seen in WAN
implementation.

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MESH TOPOLOGY

Advantages Disadvantages

Requires more cable than the other

Provides redundant paths between devices
LAN topologies

The network can be expanded without Can be expanded implementation

disruption to current uses

WIRELESS NETWORKING

- Do not require physical cabling

- Particularly useful for remote access for laptop users
- Eliminate cable faults and cable breaks.
- Signal interference and security issue.

MESH TOPOLOGY

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Advantages Disadvantages

Allows for wireless remote access Potential security issues associated with
wireless transmissions

Network can be expanded without disruption Limited speed in comparison to other network
to current users topologies

Self-check CO2.1-2

Multiple Choices:

1. Physical and logical network layout?

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a.) Layout

b.) Drawing

c.) Topology

d.) All of the Above

2. Actual layout of the computer cables and other network devices?

a.) Drawing

b.) Topology

c.) Physical Layout

d.) Logical Layout

3. The way in which the network appears to the devices that use it?

a.) Drawing

b.) Topology

c.) Physical Layout

d.) Logical Layout

4. Uses a trunk or backbone to which all of the computers on the network connect?

a.) Bus Topology

b.) Star Topology

c.) Ring Topology

d.) Mesh Topology

5. Meaning that data travels in circular fashion from one computer to another on the
network?

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a.) Logical Ring

b.) Token Ring

c.) Ring Topology

d.) Mesh Topology

6. Has multi-station access unit (MSAU), equivalent to hub or switch. MSAU performs
the token circulation internally?

a.) Logical Ring

b.) Token Ring

c.) Ring Topology

d.) Mesh Topology

7. Each computer connects to every other?

a.) Bus Topology

b.) Star Topology

c.) Ring Topology

d.) Mesh Topology

8. Do not require physical cabling

a.) Bus Topology

b.) Star Topology

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c.) Ring Topology

d.) Wireless Networking

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Answer key CO2.1-1

1. C

2. C

3. D

4. A

5. A

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6. B

7. D

8. D

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Information Sheets CO2.1-3

“Network OHS & 5s Principles”

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Learn the Network Occupation Health and Safety

2. Learn the Network 5s Principles

Before installing network cables we must practice Network OHS & 5s Principles to
ensure our safety during the training.

OHS Policies and Procedures

Occupational health and safety (OHS) refers to the legislation, policies, procedures and
activities that aim to protect the health, safety and welfare of all people at the workplace.

Every worker has a right to healthy and safe work and to a work environment that
enables them to live a socially and economically productive life. Safety practices should
be learned early and always adhered to when working with any electrical device including
personal computers and peripherals.

Personal safety while working with PC’s

Here are some safety precautions to take before working with any computer devices:

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• Before doing anything, listen to your trainer’s instruction to prevent accidents or

any unwanted events that may occur on your workplace.

• Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.

• Avoid playing or running while inside the room.

• Always wear personal protective equipments (PPE) like coverall, shoes with
rubber sole, anti-static wrist strap, etc.

• Ask for assistance from your trainer when it comes on dealing with tools &
equipments.

• Applying safety measure when handling tools and equipment are necessary to
avoid certain damages.

• Be sure to use the tools and equipments properly to avoid accidents.

Manufacturing companies are all familiar with the 5S methodology to organize the
workspace for efficiency and effectiveness. 5S is the name of a workplace organization
method that uses a list of five Japanese words: seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, and
shitsuke. Amazingly, transliterated or translated into English, they all start
with the letter S: sort, set, shine, standardize, sustain. (Credit goes to Hiroyuki
Hirano and his overall approach to production systems)

The obvious benefit of 5S methodology is improved productivity. This methodology can

be applied to any workplace – and for our purpose we can discuss it to improve your
Computer Network environment. Organizing the hardware and software used in your

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environment, identifying and running the items used, maintaining the equipment, and
sustaining the new order through standardization, which builds understanding among
employees of how they should best utilize the computer network – including hardware,
software and business applications in the cloud – to be most productive at work. Let’s
review.

1. Sort

Sorting helps you to use a red tag method that will get rid of all the different processes or
items that you don’t need. Throughout the years, your organization may have acquired
software and hardware that may be either used partially, or not used at all. I bet you have
some old boxes and bundles of cables and trinkets that you don’t know what to do with.
Some of them you probably don’t even know what they are for! This is also a good time to
do an inventory of your software, to make sure that all of your copies are licensed and
up-to-date. Perhaps you can donate your old or unused computers, or discard old and
broken gadgets and network-related equipment. Don’t forget to comply with your local
laws about e- waste! Check these resources for more on e-cycling and electronic waste:

EcoSquid is a web search platform that helps consumers identifies the best options to
resell, recycle, or donate new and used electronics.

Earth 911 has taken environmental hotlines, web sites and other information sources
nationwide, and consolidated them into one network where you can find community-
specific information on e-Cycling and much more.

Electronic Industries Alliance’s Consumer Education Initiative helps you find reuse,
recycling and donation programs for electronics products in your state; here is the link to
their page specific to e-Cycling in New Jersey)

TechSoup provides resources for those who would like to donate hardware, those who
would like to acquire recycled hardware, and refurbishes.

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Evaluate your legacy systems to have full understanding of what is going to go now. Take
steps to remove these items from your location. Sorting will de-clutter and free up space
that your organization will need to move on to the next step – Set.

2. Set

Now that you have a better understanding of what you have, and what you need – and
let’s not forget some free space, you can move on to the next aspect of 5 S method: set
everything in order. During this step you will make sure to lay out your computer network
in most efficient way, and make sure that your employees have a proper workplace that
allows them to be productive within your network: make sure that if new equipment,
software or license is required, it is acquired. Don’t be an unintentional software pirate!
Make sure that your offices are properly wired, and your necessary items such as
printers, scanners, etc. at a reachable distance and can be easily accessed. So, set things
in order – and then shine!

3. Shine

Once you have the workplace sorted and set, it’s time to put some shine on. What are you
doing to make sure your network is neat and clean? The third step, shine, is crucial to the
5 S methods. Teach your workforce the importance of maintaining and cleaning the
equipment and data for a great impact on the way your business operates. Shine also
helps the equipment to last longer as you aren’t neglecting it and allowing it to get
cluttered or dusty. In addition to prolonging the lifespan of your equipment, keeping
things right is also healthy for your employees. This page from OSHA – Ergonomic
Solutions for Occupational Safety is a great resource for recommended
workspace standards. Any environment can benefit from equipment that is ergonomic –
there is plethora of items such as monitors, keyboards, mice, office chairs, etc. that are
designed to keep your employees comfortable while on the job. When they perform their
jobs better, your business is doing better. To propel your success even further, move on
to the next step – standardize.

4. Standardize

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One of the most important things you can do for your business is to standardize the
equipment and processes within your computer network. New procedures, once vetted,
should be properly documented and made standard. It will ensure that large orders and
other processes would flow easily, especially if you are looking to expand your business.
When you have your equipment documented, and when procedures become part of the
employee manual, your organization will benefit from improved operations. You can
easily use standard procedures for cross-training of your employees, or bringing new
hires on board. In addition, many platforms and solutions now come with options to
migrate data one to another, and having a standardized setup makes things like data
migrations, equipment and software updates a breeze.

With standards in mind keep an eye on the new trend – Bring Your Own Device (BYOD).
Users are shifting away from corporate issued devices, such as Blackberry smart phones,
to devices they feel more comfortable with, such as iOS or Android based platforms. If
not all of your equipment is standard, processes still should be. Keep computer network
security and efficiency in mind when considering BYOD for your organization.

5. Sustain

Your final step, sustain, is the hardest – not falling back into old habits is not easy. It is
even more difficult if you don’t have a full-time IT staff on board to perform tech support
and maintenance. Left unmonitored, your data, your network and computer equipment
and devices may get compromised and bring you to a gradual decline back to the old
ways. It may affect your business directly by having your business data and environment
vulnerable. It turns, it will leave employees idle and impacting your ability to do business,
costing you evens more through the loss of productivity, revenue, or reputation.

Managed Services allows you to maintain and review standards through practice of
outsourcing day-to-day IT management and Computer Network Tech Support as a cost-
effective method for improving business operations. Boost performance, tighten
security, and extend the life of your IT assets. Many IT companies provide Managed

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services. If your business is in New Jersey or New York, give us a call at 201-493-1414 to
discuss the benefits of Managed IT Services for your business.

Self-check CO2.1-3

Write T if the answer is True and write F if the answer is False.

1. After doing anything, listen to your trainer’s instruction to prevent accidents or

any unwanted events that may occur on your workplace.

2. Be sure to mix electronic components and water.

3. Avoid playing or running while inside the room.

4. Always wear personal protective equipments (PPE) like coverall, shoes with
rubber sole, anti-static wrist strap, etc.

5. Ask for assistance from your trainer when it comes on dealing with tools &
equipments.

6. Applying safety measure when handling tools and equipment are necessary to
avoid certain damages.

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7. Be sure to use the tools and equipments properly to avoid accidents.

Enumerate Network Cabling 5s.

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Answer-key CO2.1-3

TRUE OR FALSE

1. F

2. F

3. T

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4. T

5. T

6. T

7. T

ENUMERATION

1. Sort

2. Set

3. Shine

4. Standardize

5. Sustain

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Information Sheets CO2.1-4 “Network Tools, Equipment, Materials & Testing Devices”

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Learn Different Networking tools, materials & testing devices.

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2. Familiarize Different Networking tools, equipment, materials & testing devices.

Before installing network cables we must know the different Networking tools, materials,
equipments & testing devices that we will use during the training.

Network Tools

Crimping tool

- A crimping tool is a tool designed to crimp or connect a

connector to the end of a cable. For example, network cables
and phone cables are created using a crimping tool to connect
the RJ-45 and RJ-11 connectors to the end of the cable. In the
example picture below, this crimper is capable of crimping a
RJ-11 (6-Pin) and RJ-45 (8-Pin) connectors and also includes a
wire cutter near the handles that can be used to cut phone or
CAT5 cable.

● Wire stripper

- A tool designed to remove the protective covering off of

a cable to expose the inner wires. Because different wires come
in different shapes, there are dozens of different wire strippers
available. The picture shows an example of a wire stripper,
which strips a cable by placing the cable in-between the blade
and

one of the ridges and then spun around the cable until the jacket
can be pulled off.

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● Electric Hand Drill with Drill bit

- Is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment or driving tool attachment, usually a
drill bit or driver bit, used for boring holes in various materials or fastening various
materials together with the use of fasteners. The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one
end of the drill and rotated while pressed against the target material. The tip, and
sometimes edges, of the cutting tool does the work of cutting into the target material.
This may be slicing off thin shavings (twist drills or auger bits), grinding off small particles
(oil drilling), crushing and removing pieces of the work piece (SDS masonry drill),
countersinking, counter boring, or other operations.

Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, construction and do-it-

yourself projects. Specially designed drills are also used in medicine, space missions and
other applications. Drills are available with a wide variety of performance characteristics,
such as power and capacity.

Network Equipments

● Patch panel

- A patch panel, patch bay, patch field or

jack field is a device or unit featuring a number of
jacks, usually of the same or similar type, for the
use of connecting and routing circuits for
monitoring, interconnecting, and testing
circuits

in a convenient, flexible manner. Patch panels

are commonly used in computer networking, recording studios, and radio and
television.

Network Hub

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- When referring to a network, a hub is the most

basic networking device that connects
multiple computers or other network devices together.
Unlike a network switch or router, a network hub has no
routing tables or intelligence on

where to send information and broadcasts all network

data across each connection. Most hubs can detect basic network errors such as
collisions,

but having all information broadcast to multiple ports can be a security risk and
cause bottlenecks. In the past network hubs were popular because they were much
cheaper than a switch and router, but today most switches do not cost much more than a
hub and are a much better solution for any network.

- In general, a hub refers to a hardware device that enables multiple devices or

connections to be connected to a computer. Another example besides the one given
above is a USB hub, which allows dozens of to be connected to one computer, even
though that computer may only have a few USB connections. The picture is an example
of a USB hub.

Network Switch

- A network switch (also called switching hub,

bridging hub, officially MAC Bridge) is a computer
networking device that connects devices together on a
computer network, by using packet switching to
receive, process and forward data to the destination
device.

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Unlike less advanced network hubs, a network switch forwards data only to one or
multiple devices that need to receive it, rather than broadcasting the same data out of
each of its ports.

● Managed switches

- Give you more control over your LAN traffic

and offer advanced features to control that traffic.
An unmanaged switch simply allows Ethernet
devices to communicate with one another, such as a
PC or network

printer, and those are typically what we call “plug and play.”

● Network Controller/Network Interface Card

- A network interface controller (NIC, also known

as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN
adapter or physical network interface and by similar
terms) is a computer hardware component that
connects a computer to a computer network.

- Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on

expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the
Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface built into
the motherboard.

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- Modern network interface controllers offer advanced features such as interrupt

and DMA interfaces to the host processors, support for multiple receive and transmit
queues, partitioning into multiple logical interfaces, and on-controller network traffic
processing such as the TCP offload engine.

● Wireless Router

- A wireless router is a device that performs the functions of

a router and also includes the functions of a wireless access
point. It is used to

provide access to the Internet or a

private computer network. It can function in a wired LAN (local

area network), in a wireless- only LAN (WLAN), or in a mixed
wired/wireless network, depending on the manufacturer and model.

● Wireless Access point

- In computer networking, a wireless access point(AP) is a

device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network
using Wi-Fi, or related standards. The AP usually connects to a
router (via a wired network) as a standalone device, but it can also
be an integral component of the router itself.

• Printer

- In computing, a printer is a peripheral which makes a

persistent human readable

representation of graphics or text on paper or similar physical

media. The two most common printer mechanisms are black and

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white laser printers used for common documents, and color inkjet printers which can
produce high quality photograph quality output.

• Cable Tester/Network Tester

- A cable tester is a device that is used to test the strength and connectivity of a
particular type of cable or other wired assemblies. There are a number
of different types of cable testers, each able to test a specific type of
cable or wire (some may be able to test different types of cables or
wires). The cable tester can test whether a cable or wire is set up
properly, connected to the appropriate source points, and if the
communication strength between the source and destination is strong
enough to serve its intended purpose. The picture is an example of a
cable tester from TRENDnet.

Network Materials

• RJ 45

- Short for Registered Jack-45, an eight-wire connector used

commonly to connect computers onto local-area networks (LAN),
especially Ethernets. RJ-45 connectors look similar to the ubiquitous
RJ-11 connectors used for connecting telephone equipment, but they
are somewhat wider.

• Modular Box

- Use to in a large building, usually place on the wall to connect

telephone lines or network cable easily.

• Raceway

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- A raceway (sometimes referred to as a raceway system) is an

enclosed conduit that forms a physical pathway for electrical wiring.
Raceways protect wires and cables from heat, humidity, corrosion,
water intrusion and general physical threats.

• UTP Cable

- Unshielded Twisted Pair cable is most certainly by far the most popular cable
around the world. UTP cable is used not only for networking but also
for the traditional telephone.

• Fiber Optic Cable

- An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical

fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are
typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a
protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be
deployed. Different types of cable are used for different applications,
for example long distance telecommunication, or providing a high-
speed data connection between different parts of a building.

Network Personal Protective Equipment

• Protective eyewear

- is protective gear for the eyes, which comes in many types

depending upon the threat that is to be reduced. The threats can be
particles, light, wind blast, heat, sea spray or some type of
ball or puck used in sports.

• Gloves

- A glove (Middle English from Old English glof) is a garment

covering the whole hand. Gloves have

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separate sheaths or openings for each finger and

the thumb; if there is an opening but no covering sheath for each finger they are called
"fingerless gloves". Fingerless gloves have one large opening rather than individual
openings for each finger are sometimes called gauntlets. Gloves which cover the entire
hand or fist but do not have separate finger openings or sheaths are called mittens.
Mittens are warmer than gloves made of the same material because fingers maintain
their warmth better when they are in contact with each other.

Reduced surface area reduces heat loss.

• Working clothes

- is clothing worn for work, especially work that involves

manual labour. Often those employed within trade industries elect
to be outfitted in workwear because it is built to provide durability
and safety.

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Self-Check CO2.1-4

Identification:

1. Is a tool designed to crimp or connect a connector to the end of a cable?

2. A tool designed to remove the protective covering off of a cable to expose the
inner wires.

3. Is a device or unit featuring a number of jacks, usually of the same or similar type,
for the use of connecting and routing circuits for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing
circuits in a convenient, flexible manner?

4. Is a computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer

network, by using packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the
destination device.

5. It is used to provide access to the Internet or a private computer network.

6. Is a device that is used to test the strength and connectivity of a particular type
of cable or other wired assemblies.

7. Is an eight-wire connector used commonly to connect computers onto local-area

networks (LAN), especially Ethernets.

8. Is an enclosed conduit that forms a physical pathway for electrical wiring.

9. Is used not only for networking but also for the traditional telephone.

10. Is protective gear for the eyes, which comes in many types depending upon
the threat that is to be reduced.

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Answer-Key CO2.1-4

1. Crimping Tool

2. Wire Stripper

3. Patch Panel

4. Network Switch

5. Wireless Router

6. Lan/Cable Tester

7. Raceways

8. RJ 45

9. UTP Cable

10. Protective Eye wear/Goggles

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Information Sheets CO2.1-5 “Network cable installation and testing.”

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Familiarize the different Types of UTP Cable and their uses.

2. Learn the proper ways in splicing cable.

3. Learn how to install cables properly.

4. Install Patch Panel Cable

5. Install Modular Box

6. Install Network Equipment

7. Test Network Installation

Installing cable is one of the most critical part of this module because this can affect
other module so it should be done properly to avoid problems during configuration of the
network.

• Network Cables

- Networking cables are used to connect one network device to other network
devices or to connect two or more computers to share printer, scanner etc. Different
types of network cables like Coaxial cable, Optical fiber cable, Twisted Pair cables
are used depending on the network's topology, protocol and size. The devices can
be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Ethernet) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g. via the
interconnections of the Internet).

• Unshielded Twisted Pair

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- Unshielded Twisted Pair cable is most certainly by far the most popular cable
around the world. UTP cable is used not only for networking but also for the traditional
telephone.

UTP Cable Categories

• CAT1

- Data rate up to 1Mbps

- Traditional Telephone & ISDN – Modem

• CAT2

- Data rate up to 4Mbps

- Token Ring

• CAT3

- Data rate up to 10Mbps

- Token Ring & 10Base-T

• CAT4

- Data rate up to 16Mbps

- Token Ring

• CAT5

- Data rate up to 100Mbps

- Ethernet (10Mbps)

- Fast Ethernet (100Mbps) & Token Ring (16Mbps)

• CAT5e

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- Data rate up to 1000Mbps

- Gigabit Ethernet

• CAT6

- Data rate up to 1000Mbps

- Gigabit Ethernet

Ethernet Cable Standard Color Coding

- The TIA/EIA 568-A standard which was ratified in 1995, was replaced by the
TIA/EIA 568-B standard in 2002 and has been updated since. Both standards define the
T-568A and T-568B pin-outs for using Unshielded Twisted Pair cable and RJ-45
connectors for Ethernet connectivity. The standards and pin-out specification appear to
be related and interchangeable, but are not the same and should not be used
interchangeably.

- Both the T-568A and the T-568B standard Straight-Through cables are used
most often as patch cords for your Ethernet connections. If you require a cable to
connect two Ethernet devices directly together without a hub or when you connect two
hubs together, you will need to use a Crossover cable instead.

- A good way of remembering how to wire a Crossover Ethernet cable is to wire

one end using the T-568A standard and the other end using the T- 568B standard.
Another way of remembering the color coding is to simply switch the Green set of wires
in place with the Orange set of wires. Specifically, switch the solid Green (G) with the solid
Orange, and switch the green/white with the orange/white.

T-568A Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

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T-568B Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

Ethernet Cable Instructions:

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- Pull the cable off the reel to the desired length and cut. If you are pulling cables
through holes, its easier to attach the RJ-45 plugs after the cable is pulled. The total
length of wire segments between a PC and a hub or between two PC’s cannot exceed
100 Meters (328 feet) for 100BASE-TX and 300 Meters for 10BASE-T.

- Start on one end and strip the cable jacket off (about 1″) using a stripper or a knife.
Be extra careful not to nick the wires, otherwise you will need to start over.

- Spread, untwist the pairs, and arrange the wires in the order of the desired cable
end. Flatten the end between your thumb and forefinger. Trim the ends of the wires so
they are even with one another, leaving only 1/2″ in wire length. If it is longer than 1/2″ it
will be out-of-spec and susceptible to crosstalk. Flatten and insure there are no spaces
between wires.

- Hold the RJ-45 plug with the clip facing down or away from you. Push the wires
firmly into the plug. Inspect each wire is flat even at the front of the plug. Check the order
of the wires. Double check again. Check that the jacket is fitted right against the stop of
the plug. Carefully hold the wire and firmly crimp the RJ-45 with the crimper.

- Check the color orientation, check that the crimped connection is not about to
come apart, and check to see if the wires are flat against the front of the plug. If even one
of these are incorrect, you will have to start over. Test the Ethernet cable.

Ethernet Cable Tips:

- A straight-thru cable has identical ends.

- A crossover cable has different ends.

- A straight-thru is used as a patch cord in Ethernet connections.

- A crossover is used to connect two Ethernet devices without a hub or for

connecting two hubs.

- A crossover has one end with the Orange set of wires switched with the Green set.

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- Odd numbered pins are always striped, even numbered pins are always solid
colored.

- Looking at the RJ-45 with the clip facing away from you, Brown is always on the
right, and pin 1 is on the left.

- No more than 1/2″ of the Ethernet cable should be untwisted otherwise it will be
susceptible to crosstalk.

- Do not deform, do not bend, do not stretch, do not staple, do not run parallel with
power cables, and do not run Ethernet cables near noise inducing components.

Basic Theory:

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By looking at a T-568A UTP Ethernet straight-thru cable and an Ethernet crossover cable
with a T-568B end, we see that the TX (transmitter) pins are connected to the
corresponding RX (receiver) pins, plus to plus and minus to minus. You can also see that
both the blue and brown wire pairs on pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are not used in either standard.
What you may not realize is that, these same pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are not used or required in
100BASE-TX as well. So why bother using these wires, well for one thing its simply easier
to make a connection with all the wires grouped together. Otherwise you’ll be spending
time trying to fit those tiny little wires into each of the corresponding holes in the RJ-45
connector.

How to wire your room with Cat5e or Cat6 Ethernet Cable.

Although wireless is simpler for a lot of people, due to multimedia sharing, bandwidth on a
home network, and paranoia about wireless security, you may want to use a hard wired
solution for home networking. Having a wired network at home allows you to have a

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private, high-speed network for internet access, file sharing, media streaming, online
gaming, IP security cameras, and much more.

Step 1: Initial Considerations and Planning

There are certain design considerations that need to be addressed based on your needs.

1. Which room(s) do I want wired?

2. How many ports do I want in each location?

3. What is a good location for distribution?

4. What path should the cables take?

5. What network speed do I need?

Step 2: Required Tools, Equipments and Materials

Tools

Crimping Tool

Electric Hand Drill

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Wire Stripper

Equipments

Patch panel

Network Switch/Hub

Wireless Router

Wireless Access point

Manage Switch

Materials

Cat5e or Cat6 UTP

Cat5e or Cat6 UTP Cable Crimp (Straight-through & Crossover)

Raceways

Modular Box

Label maker (optional).

Step 3: Measure and Run the Cables

There are a number of ways to do this. You can estimate, measure from floor plans, run
one, etc.

Step 4: Connect the Wires to the Patch Panel

Strip the sheath

a. Remove the cable sheath 2.54 cm (1 inch) from the end of the cable.

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Position wires in data jack

a. Position wires in the proper channels on the RJ-45 jack maintaining the twists as
close to the jack as possible. The diagram that follows shows an example of how to place
the wires with one type of jack.

b. Most jacks have the channels color-coded to indicate where the wires go. The
following photo of the jack shows one model. Jacks are typically

stamped to indicate

whether they are T568A

T568B.

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Punch down the data jack

a. Use the punch tool to push conductors into the channels. Make
sure to position the cutting side of the punch tool so that it faces the
outside of the jack. If this is not done, it will cut the wire being punched.
Try tilting the handle of the punch tool a little to the outside, so it will
cut better.

b. If any wire remains attached after using the punch tool, simply
twist the ends gently to remove them. Then place the clips on the jack, and tighten them.
Make sure that no more than 1.27 cm (one half inch) of untwisted wire is between the end
of the cable jacket and the channels on the jack. Attach the faceplate.

c. Snap the jack into the faceplate by pushing it from the back side. Make sure when
this is done, that the jack is right-side up so the clip faces down when the wall plate is
mounted.

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d. Use the screws to attach the faceplate to either the box or to the bracket. If there
is a surface mounted box, keep in mind that it might hold 30-60 cm (1-2 feet) of excess
cable. Then it will be necessary to either slide the cable through the tie-wraps, or pull back
the raceway that covers it, in order to push the excess cable back into the wall. If there is
a flush-mounted jack, all that is needed is to push the excess cable back into the wall.

Punch down the patch panel

a. On the opposite end of the cabling, remove the jacket 2.54 cm (1 inch) from the
cable.

b. Lay the wires down in the patch panel so that the colors of the wires correspond
exactly to the colors indicated on the pin locations in the same manner as the data jack
was punched down.

c. Keep the sheath within .64 cm (¼ inch) of where the wires begin branching out to
their pin locations.

d. Do not untwist the wires more than necessary to lay them down at the pin
locations. A good way to keep from untwisting too much is to hold down the wires next to
the patch panel with one finger while using the other hand to pull apart each end as you
lay it across the connector.

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e. The following figure shows a large punch down patch panel with carefully routed
cabling.

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Step 5: Test the data jack and patch panel terminations

a. Obtain two straight-through Ethernet patch cables and verify they both function
properly using a simple cable tester.

b. Connect one end of one of the straight-through Ethernet patch cables to the data
jack outlet and one end of the other straight-through cable to the jack at the patch panel.

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c. Insert the opposite ends of the two cables into a simple cable tester and check for
continuity from end to end through both patch cables, the data jack, and the patch panel.
Did the cable run test good from end to end?

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Step 6: Connect the wires to the modular box.

a. Make sure the stripper is adjusted properly on a scrap piece of cable. The Stripper
should be adjusted to only score the jacket to make removing it easier and not nick the
twisted pairs.

b. Straighten the pairs out completely and lay them over the top of the keystone jack
noting the color pattern for the 568b wiring. Note: Each keystone jack is slightly different
in how they are labeled and how the colors are arranged. The 568B standard is most
commonly used and ends of the cable must have the same standards to communicate.
We have the 3 most common keystone jack styles pictured here. The first jack pictured
has the 2 standard pairs on the right, and the 2 variable pairs on the left. The A standard is
the center column and the B standard is on the left. Both A and B standard applies to the
right side

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of the jack. The solid color box with the lower right corner missing represents the solid
color wire with the white stripe. The white box with the colored tip represents the white
wire with the colored stripe. The second jack pictured here has both A and B standards on
both sides of the jack, with the color code running down the center. The solid color
rectangle represents the solid color wire with the white stripe, wile the half white half
color rectangle represents the white wire with the colored stripe. The third jack pictured
here has the A and B standard codes labeled on the outside of the jack. With the A
standard on top and the B standard on the bottom. The solid box represents the solid
wire with the white stripe Wile the box with the white diagonal stripe going throught the
middle, represents the white wire with the colored stripe.

c. Keeping the pairs as twisted as possible press the wire into the correct groove
with your thumbs. If you completely straighten the wires to run them through the jack you
will risk cross talk between the pairs.

d. Using a punch down tool punch the wires down into the blades built into the
keystone jack. The blades in the jack are designed to work with solid cable, and may not

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work with stranded cable. Make sure the blade (as noted in the picture) is facing the
outside of the keystone jack. If you reverse it you will cut the wires inside the keystone
jack rendering them useless. The punch down tool should cut off the remaining pieces of
the wire on the outside, but sometimes you may need to punch them down

a 2nd time and wiggle the wire to it breaks clean off. Once this is done you can install the
dust covers if your keystone jack comes with them. This keystone jack did not have the
covers. The covers should never be used to do the job of the punch down tool.

Step 7: Connect to the Internet

a. Connect Network Switch/Hub to the patch panel using cross-over cable base on
the netowork topology.

b. Connect the Wireles Router to the Network hub & to the Modem using cross-over
cable base on the netowork topology.

c. Connect your pc on the modular box using straight-through cable.

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Task-Sheet CO2.1-5

Title: Cabling & Testing

Performance Objective: Given (tools, equipment, materials &

Protective equipment), you should be able to (create straight-through & crossover

cable) following (the proper way of cabling).

Supplies/Materials : UTP Cable & RJ 45

Tools & Equipment : Crimping Tools, Wire stripper & Cable/Lan

Tester

Steps/Procedure:

1. Make sure to follow the proper way of cutting & crimping cables.

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2. Make sure that you’re working area is ready.

3. Prepare all tools, equipment, materials & protective equipments you will use.

4. Crimp straight-through & crossover cable.

5. Test your cable if they are working properly.

Assessment Method:

• Demonstration

• Interview

Performance Criteria Check-list CO2.1-5a

CRITERIA Did you…. YES NO

1. Make sure to follow the proper way of cutting & crimping cables.

2. Make sure that you’re working area is ready.

3. Prepare all tools, equipment, materials & protective equipments you will use.

4. Crimp straight-through & crossover cable.

5. Test your cable if they are working properly.

Job-Sheet CO2.1-5

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Title: Network Cable Installation

Performance Objective: Given (tools, equipment & materials), you should be able to
(Install Cable in the Patch Panel, Modular box and connect to the other network
equipments) following (the steps written in the information sheet CO2.1-6).

Supplies/Materials : Crimp Straight-through & Cross-over Cable, UTP Cable, Raceways,

Modular Box & Label Marker.

Tools & Equipment : Crimping Tools, Wire stripper & Cable/Lan Tester, Electric Hand Drill,
Patch panel, Network Switch/Hub, Wireless Router, Wireless Access point, Manage
Switch.

Steps/Procedure:

1. Make sure to follow the proper way of cable installation.

2. Make sure that you’re working area is ready.

3. Prepare all tools, equipment & materials you will use.

4. Install Patch Panel Cable.

5. Connect Cable to Modular box.

6. Connect Network equipments according to Network Topology.

Assessment Method:

• Demonstration

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• Interview

Performance Criteria Check-list CO2.1-5b

CRITERIA Did you…. YES NO

1. Make sure to follow the proper way of cable installation.

2. Make sure that you’re working area is ready.

3. Follow the proper way of cutting & crimping cables.

4. Install Patch Panel Cable.

5. Connect Cable to Modular box.

6. Connect Network equipments according to Network Topology.

Information Sheets CO2.1-6

“Waste Management”

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Learn the proper disposal of network cables

Recycling used cable: Challenges and opportunities

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The cabling industry has a ways to go before it can be considered “green.”

It has been more than four years since the National Electrical Code, in its 2002 edition,
first required the removal of abandoned cable. That requirement, which is law wherever
the 2002 NEC or the portions of it relating to abandoned cable have been adopted, kicks
in whenever a cabling project of any type takes place. Chief among the concerns about
abandoned cable is that it represents a fire hazard, and it is no coincidence that the
document requiring its removal is published by the National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA; [Link]).

The requirement has stimulated something of a cottage industry, with some contractors
specializing in, or limiting their practice exclusively to, removing abandoned cable from
buildings. Soon (or perhaps even today), it may be inappropriate to call it a cottage
industry, as signs point to cable removal becoming a mainstream practice. The ground
first shook on that concept in May 2005 when DuPont launched its Abandoned Cable
Services program ([Link]/cablingsolutions). Under the program, DuPont
conducts engineering analysis of a building’s abandoned cable and provides building
owners with a written report. Building owners then have the option to have the cable
removed, a process carried out by a stable of DuPont-sanctioned contractors.

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Last summer, Communications Planning Corp. (CPC; [Link])

also launched cable-removal services. Headed by noted industry figure, Frank Bisbee,
CPC is one of several cabling design and installation contractors that have turned at least
some of their attention to abating abandoned cable.

Guidance for recycling

In June, DuPont introduced a specification guide for abandoned cable assessment and
removal. The guide is meant to act as an aid to project specifies and designers, and
provides a template by which those professionals can dictate that abandoned cable be
identified and removed. The specifications are written in accordance with the 2004
edition of the Master Format, which is a series of construction specifications endorsed by
the Construction Specifications Institute and the American Institute of Architects.

In addition to the guide covering abandoned cable assessment and removal, DuPont
simultaneously introduced similar specification guides for installing limited-combustible
cable and for recycling removed abandoned cable. DuPont and some cable
manufacturers have advocated installation of limited-combustible cable for several
years. But the notion of recycling communications cable that has been removed from
buildings is a newer concept-one that DuPont incorporated into its Abandoned Cable
Services program last year.

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If abandoned cable removal services can be called a “cottage industry,” then the
recycling of such cable might be described as “fledgling,” because by and large, it is a new
enterprise that has not yet taken firm hold. Among several contributing factors, CPC’s
Bisbee emphasizes that labor is a significant hurdle. “The process of separating the
removed abandoned cables to get them into the recycle stream can be more costly than
the materials recovered,” he notes.

What's in there?

Those contractors that have been recycling cable, and did so even before the 2002 NEC
edict about abandoned cable removal, have not necessarily followed strict procedures
preparing that cable for recycling. While nobody would go on record admitting the
following practice, many in the industry have heard about or perhaps even witnessed a
batch of old cable being thrown into a large barrel and burned down to its copper-the
component most often recycled. Considering the chemicals that make up a twisted-pair
copper cable, such a practice can hardly be considered environmentally friendly.

Additionally, the fluoropolymers that insulate the copper conductors in a plenum- rated
twisted-pair cable do not burn easily (that’s exactly the point of a plenum cable). Stripping
those cables down to their bare copper is, as Bisbee referred to, a labor-intensive
endeavor. But it can be done, by hand or other means.

This author also could not find a recycler willing to go on record describing in detail the
process by which an unshielded twisted-pair cable is broken down and prepared for
recycling. The closest thing to a description was, “The separation and recovery processes
are proprietary; however, the processes used are mechanical in nature and do not require
any chemicals.”

In a big-picture view, cable that is removed from a building and intended for the recycling
stream are separated into several groups, including communications cable containing
copper, communications cable containing optical fiber, and electrical cables. Other pieces
of hardware, including racks, trays, and blocks, also must be dealt with separately from
the copper communications cable.

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Once separated, the cables get put into some type of temporary storage. Depending on
how much cable is involved and the time frame in which it will be removed, it may be
stored in a dumpster placed on site exclusively for cable; or, for smaller projects, it may
be stored in bags or boxes. On smaller projects, the contractor is responsible for
transporting the cable to the recycling facility. DuPont notes that it can provide
dumpsters to larger job sites for cable that will be recycled through its program.

Once the cable reaches the recycling facility, the sites employ their proprietary processes
to break down the cable. Says one recycler that is part of DuPont’s program, “After
abandoned cable is removed from a building, fiber-optic, electrical cables, and related
hardware are separated from the low-voltage communication cable, which is then
recycled. First, the metal is separated from the non-metal components. Then the non-
metal components-primarily

fluoropolymers, polyvinylchloride, and polyethylene-are separated and recovered.”

As far as what happens to each part of a cable, the recycler states, “Usually all the parts of
an unshielded twisted-pair cable can be recycled except polyester wraps or draw strings.
Each of the components is separated by material type. The copper is sent to a copper
refining company, the PVC and polyethylene are sold to secondary converters for a
variety of applications, and the fluoropolymer is cleaned and extruded into pellets for
secondary applications and sold by DuPont in the wire and cable industry.”

Some cable types can present significant challenges to a recycler. Specifically, coaxial
and shielded twisted-pair cable may contain tin-plated copper as a shielding element.
That material is not worth as much as pure copper and is hard to segregate from pure
copper. Additionally, wrapped shields can vary greatly from heavy foils to metalized
polyester. They also pose segregation challenges, which diminish their value.

Taking an interest

With DuPont cleaning and reusing recovered fluoropolymers, it has a financial interest in
reclaiming these materials; it stands to reason the company will make accommodations

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to facilitate large-scale recycling activities. When the company introduced its new
specification guides, Robert Kenny, global business manager of DuPont Cabling
Solutions, stated, “DuPont is committed to making it easier for building owners to comply
with codes in a way that is environmentally responsible through recycling, and to follow
best practice recommendations for fire safety on an ongoing basis.”

But will recycling take hold across the board on cable-removal projects? The current
price of copper suggests there is some chance contractors will find it worthwhile to
recycle cable for that element alone. Copper is the cable component most in demand
today.

Another significant aspect of cable removal and recycling is the fact that many cables in
buildings today contain hazardous substances, particularly lead. The recently enacted
European Union environmental initiative RoHS (Restriction on Hazardous Substances)
has spurred any cable manufacturer wanting to do business in Europe to remove lead
from its products. California legislation set to go into effect on January 1 contains
restrictions similar to that of RoHS. So, by and large, lead and other dangerous materials
have been eliminated from products now reaching the marketplace. But the entire issue
of abandoned cable focuses on products that were manufactured years and in some
cases decades ago, and almost certainly contain hazardous materials.

Bisbee, outspoken about the use of heavy metals and other hazardous materials in
cabling products, comments that while over-the-counter swipe kits can be helpful in
determining the presence of high quantities of lead, a lower and still-dangerous lead level
may not show up on such a test. The Environmental Protection Agency also has
cautioned that tests of these types are not accurate enough to distinguish between high
and low levels. Impossible to verify or quantify without third-party testing, the presence
of lead dust in abandoned cabling systems looms as a possible threat and, at this point, an
unknown.

A less-heard-about but perhaps no less significant European Union environmental law is

WEEE-the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment directive. Although it is aimed at

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household electronics users and not commercial users, it provides a blueprint that puts
the onus for waste-electronics collection and recycling on the manufacturers of the
equipment.

Meanwhile, in the United States, building owners face the task of having unused cable
removed. And where it goes once it leaves the building varies greatly from project to
project. PATRICK McLaughlin is chief editor of Cabling Installation & Maintenance.

Self-Check CO2.1-6

Multiple Choices:

1. Introduced a specification guide for abandoned cable assessment and removal.

a.) DuPont

b.) PATRICK McLaughlin

c.) Robert Kenny

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d.) All of the Above

2. NEC Stands For?

a.) National Electrical Code

b.) National Electrician Code

c.) National Electricity Code

d.) National Electronics Code

3. Abandoned cable removal services can be called what?

a.) Equipment directive

b.) Cottage industry

c.) Fledgling

d.) All of the Above

4. Recycling of such cable might be described as what?

a.) Equipment directive

b.) Cottage industry

c.) Fledgling

d.) All of the Above

5. Is the cable component most in demand today.

a.) Copper

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b.) Silver

c.) Aluminum

d.) All of the Above

Answer key CO2.1-7

1. A

2. A

3. B

4. C

5. A

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOME 2

SET NETWORK CONFIGURATION

Learning Activities Special Instructions

• Read Information Sheets CO2.2-1 In these Learning outcomes you should be able
to understand, explain, and apply Setting-up of
“Configure Computer Network”
Network Configuration.
• Trainer to Discuss Configure Computer
Go Through Information Sheets and answer
Network using ppt.
self-checks to ensure that knowledge of
• Perform Task-Sheet CO2.2-1 standards in install network cables is acquired.

“Configure Computer Network” The output of this Learning Outcome is the

following.
• Check Performance Criteria Checklist
CO2.2-1 • Perform Network Configuration

“Configure Computer Network”

• Read Information Sheets CO2.2-2 • Diagnose computer network

“Inspect & Diagnose Computer Network”

• Trainer to Discuss Inspect & Diagnose • Perform Network Inspection

Computer Network ppt.

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• Perform Job-Sheet CO2.2-2

“Inspect & Diagnose Computer Network”

• Check Performance Criteria Checklist

CO2.2-2 Show your output to your trainer for his
feedback as you accomplish them.
“Inspect & Diagnose Computer Network”

Information Sheets CO2.2-1

“Configure Computer Network”

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Configure Peer to Peer Network

2. Share Folders and Printers

Windows 7, as with many of the different operating systems available, has a number of
different network functions which can be configured.

How to Configure a Static IP Address in Windows 7

Sometimes in order to gain connectivity in certain networks where a DHCP server is not
running, the configuration of a static IP address is required.

The steps required to setup up a static IP address are rather

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straightforward, but the process is a bit different from Windows Vista and XP.

Let’s go through the steps now and configure a static IPv4 address in Windows 7.

Static IPv4 Configuration in Windows 7

The first thing that must be done is to gain access to the Network and Sharing Center in
Windows 7. This can be done in one of two ways; the first way to access it is via the
control panel.

Select the Windows 7 or on the bottom left-hand corner and select the control panel
option as shown below:

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There are several views which are available for the control panel; by default the category
view is used. When using the category view the option that you need to select is called
View network status and Tasks, as highlighted below.

This will bring you to the Network and Sharing Center.

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The second way to gain access to the Network and Sharing Center is to utilize the
network icon which is displayed in the system tray when a network interface has been
enabled.

When this icon is right-clicked the option to open the Network and Sharing Center is
given as shown below:

Once the Network and Sharing Center is open there is an option which allows the change
of adapter settings which is shown in the upper left hand corner of the window. This is
shown highlighted in the following figure (click on the image to enlarge):

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Once in the Network Connections window, an interface must be selected which is going
to be configured with the static IP address. In the following example, both a wired and
wireless interface is shown as examples.

For the purposes of this article the wired interface will be used as the interface being
given a static IP Address.

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By right-clicking on the correct interface a sub-menu is shown; from this menu select the
properties option.

Once the properties option is selected the interface properties windows will be displayed.
This screen gives the option to configure a number of different network parameters.

Since we want to change the

interface IPv4 IP address this

option must be selected from the window. Once this option is selected the properties
button will be enabled; press the properties button.

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Once the properties button is pressed the IPv4 properties window is displayed which
shows that the interface is currently configured to obtain both its IP address and its DNS
server information automatically.

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In order to change to a static IP address the option to Use the following IP address must
be selected; once this is done the option to enter the IP address parameters is enabled
and the Use the following DNS server addresses option is selected.

For the purpose of this article the IP address [Link] is used with a subnet mask of
[Link] and a default gateway of [Link]. The DNS server which will be
configured is [Link].

These options are shown in their correct locations in the following figure:

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Once these options have been entered on the screen simply press Ok on both property
screens and the configuration of a static IP is complete.

The knowledge of static IP configuration is vital in modern organizational environments

as many do not completely utilize automatic IP assignment; it is also vital knowledge
when trying to troubleshoot IPv4.

HOMEGROUP Configuration in Windows 7

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A new option which was introduced with Windows 7 is HomeGroup. HomeGroup allows
Windows 7 machines to be linked in an easier way which makes the sharing of resources
between machines much simpler to setup. Each machine must become a member of a
HomeGroup in order to utilize this functionality.

The first thing that must be done on the first computer used is the creation of a
HomeGroup. This is done through the Choose HomeGroup and Sharing Options in the
Network and Sharing Center window.

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Once this option is selected, the HomeGroup window is displayed. The first computer to
be configured with a HomeGroup will be given the option to Create a homegroup. Once a
HomeGroup is configured on a network it will actively broadcast its existence to the other
computers on the network (HomeGroup requires IPv6 to be enabled), this option is
shown in the following figure:

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Once a HomeGroup has been created on a network, all other participating computers
must join it. In order to join the HomeGroup, the HomeGroup password shown in the
figure above is required (this can also be changed).

The following figure shows how the HomeGroup window will display when there is an
existing HomeGroup on the network. Once this is shown, simply press theJoin now button
and select the local shared options and enter the HomeGroup password.

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Once this is complete the machine has become part of a HomeGroup.

Windows 7 Network Locations aka Profiles

Another feature which can be used with Windows 7 is network location. Everytime a new
network connection is established, a prompt will be given to select what type of location
the new network connection is. The three options are Home, Work and Public.

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When using the Home location, network discovery and HomeGroup are enabled which
allows the easy networking of Windows machines. The Work location is similar to
the Home location but disables the use of the HomeGroup functionality. The Public
location is the most secure and disables the various sharing functionalities which are
enabled then in the other locations.

The current location which is selected is shown in the Network and Sharing Center under
View your active networks and can be changed by selecting the current setting.

Once the setting is selected the Set Network Location window is opened which enables
the configuration of a different network location. This window is also the same window
which will be used to prompt initial network location selection.

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Conclusion

There are a number of different advanced options which can be utilized with Windows 7;
this article shows how to configure some of the most used options.

Windows 7, as with newer operating systems, continues to make better help systems.
Take the time to utilize these systems and learn even more about Windows 7
functionality.

How to Change the Name of Your Windows Computer

Changing this in XP was extremely simple, but in Windows 7, Windows 8, or Vista it’s
buried behind a few more menus. Here are three routes you can take to open up System
Properties:

• Type [Link] into the start menu search box (quickest)

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• Right-click on the Computer option on the start menu or in My Computer.

• Open Control Panel, and go to System and Maintenance, and then System.

If you chose one of the last two options, then you’ll need to click on

Advanced System Settings on the left menu:

Now you’ll finally be on the right screen, which should say System Properties.

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Click on the “Change” button to rename the computer, which will pop up this dialog:

Now you can finally change the name of the computer. You could also change the name
of the workgroup to something more descriptive as well. You’ll have to reboot after you
make this change.

Share files and folders over the network

Sharing files with public folders

To share items in your Public folder and its subfolders with other users of your computer,
you don’t need to do a thing. By default, all users with an account on your computer can
log on and create, view, modify, and delete files in the Public folders. The person who
creates a file in a Public folder (or copies an item to a Public folder) is the file’s Owner and

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has Full Control access. All others who log on locally have Modify access. For more
information on access levels, see what are permissions?

To share items in your Public folder with network users, click the Start button ,
click Network, and then click Network and Sharing Center. Turn on Public Folder Sharing
(for information on how to do this, see sharing files with the Public folder). You can’t
select which network users get access, nor can you specify different access levels for
different users. Sharing via the Public folder is quick and easy—but it’s rigidly inflexible.

Sharing files and folders from any folder

Whether you plan to share files and folders with other people who share your computer
or with those who connect to your computer over the network (or both), the process for
setting up shared resources is the same as long as the Sharing Wizard is enabled. We
recommend that you use the Sharing Wizard even if you normally disdain wizards. It’s
quick, easy, and almost certain to make all of the correct settings for network shares and
NTFS permissions—a sometimes daunting task if undertaken manually. Once you’ve
configured shares with the wizard, you can always dive in and make changes manually if
you want.

To make sure the Sharing Wizard is enabled, click the Start button , type “folder” in the
Search box, and then click Folder Options. Click the View tab. In the Advanced
settings box, scroll down the list and make sure the Use Sharing Wizard (Recommended)
check box is selected.

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The process for setting up shared resources is the same as long as the

Sharing Wizard is enabled

With the Sharing Wizard at the ready, follow these steps to share files or folders:

1. In Windows Explorer, select the folders or files you want to share. (You can select
multiple objects.)

2. In the Command bar, click Share. (Alternatively, right-click, and then click Share.)

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3. With the Sharing Wizard, it’s quick and easy to share files or folders with other
people

4. In the file sharing box, enter the name of the user with whom you want to share
files or folders, and then click Add. You can type a name in the box or click the arrow to
display a list of available names. Repeat for each person you want to add.

The list includes all of the users who have an account on your computer, plus everyone. If
you want to grant access to someone who doesn’t appear in the list, you need to create a
user account for that person (for information on how to do this, see Create a user
account).

Note:

If you select everyone, and you have password-protected sharing enabled, the user must
still have a valid account on your computer. However, if you have turned off password-
protected sharing, network users can gain access only if you grant permission to
everyone or to Guest.

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For each user, select a permission level. Your choices are:

• Reader Users with this permission level can view shared files and run shared
programs, but cannot change or delete files. Selecting . Reader in the Sharing Wizard is
equivalent to setting NTFS permissions to Read & Execute.

• Contributor This permission level, which is available only for shared folders (not
shared files), allows the user to view all files, add files, and change or delete files that the
user adds. Selecting . Contributor sets NTFS permissions to Modify.

• Co-owner Users who are assigned the Co-owner permission have the same
privileges that you do as the Owner: They can view, change, add, and delete files in a
shared folder. Selecting . Co-owner sets NTFS permissions to Full Control for this user.

Note:

You might see other permission levels if you return to the Sharing Wizard after you set up
sharing. The Custom permission level identifies NTFS permissions other than Read &
Execute, Modify, and Full Control. The Mixed permission level appears if you select
multiple items, and those items have different sharing settings. Owner, of course,
identifies the owner of the item.

5. Click Share. After a few moments, the wizard displays a page similar to the page
shown in the following illustration.

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The Sharing Wizard displays the network path for each item you’ve shared

6. In the final step of the wizard, you can do any of the following:

• Send an e-mail message to the people with whom you’re sharing. The message
includes a link to the shared file or folder.

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With the Sharing Wizard, you can send a message that includes a link to the item you
want to share

• Copy the network path to the Clipboard. This is handy if you want to send a link via
instant messenger or another application.

• Double-click a share name to open the shared item.

• Open a search folder that shows all of the folders or files you’re sharing.

7. When you’re finished with these tasks, click done.

Creating a share requires privilege elevation. But, after a folder has been shared, the
shared folder is available to network users no matter who is logged on to your computer
—or even when nobody is logged on.

Using advanced sharing to create shorter network paths

Confusingly, when you share one of your profile folders (or any other subfolder of
%SystemDrive%\Users), Windows Vista creates a network share for the Users folder—
not for the folder you shared. This isn’t a security problem; NTFS permissions prevent

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network users from seeing any folders or files except the ones you explicitly share. But it
does lead to some long UNC paths to network shares.

For example, if you share the My Received Files subfolder of Documents (as shown after
step 5 in the previous section), the network path is \\CARL- PC\Users\Carl\Documents\
My Received Files. If this same folder had been anywhere on your computer outside of
the Users folder, no matter how deeply nested, the network path would instead be \\
CARL-PC\My Received Files. Other people to whom you’ve granted access wouldn’t
need to click through a series of folders to find the files in the intended target folder.

Network users, of course, can map a network drive or save a shortcut to your target
folder to avoid this problem. But you can work around it from the sharing side, too: Use
advanced sharing to share the folder directly. (Do this after you’ve used the Sharing
Wizard to set up permissions.)

Note:

Make sure the share name you create doesn’t have spaces. Eliminating spaces makes it
easier to type a share path that works as a link.

Stopping or changing sharing of a file or folder

If you want to stop sharing a particular shared file or folder, select it in Windows Explorer,
and then click Share. The Sharing Wizard appears, as shown in the following illustration.

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Use the Sharing Wizard to change sharing permissions or to stop sharing a

file or folder

If you click Change sharing permissions, the wizard continues as when you created the
share, except that all existing permissions are shown. You can add or remove names and
change permissions.

The Stop sharing option removes access control entries that are not inherited. In
addition, the network share is removed; the folder will no longer be visible in another
user’s Network folder.

Setting advanced sharing properties

If you disable the Sharing Wizard, Windows Vista reverts to a process similar to that
employed by earlier versions of Windows (except the aberration in Windows XP called
Simple File Sharing—nothing before or after is similar to that). Without the Sharing
Wizard, you configure network shares independently of NTFS permissions. (For more

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information about this distinction, see How share permissions and NTFS permissions
work together at the end of this section.)

With the Sharing Wizard disabled, when you select a folder, and then click Share, rather
than the wizard appearing, Windows opens the folder’s properties dialog box and displays
the Sharing tab, as shown in the next illustration. Even with the Sharing Wizard enabled,
you can get to the same place; right-click the folder, and then choose Properties.

Note:

The Sharing tab is part of the properties dialog box for a folder, but not for files. Also,
when the Sharing Wizard is disabled, the Share button appears on the Command bar only
when you select a single folder. Only the Sharing Wizard is capable of making share
settings for files and for multiple objects simultaneously.

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The Share button summons the Sharing Wizard, but it’s available only when the Sharing
Wizard is enabled

To create or modify a network share using advanced settings, follow these steps:

1. On the Sharing tab, click Advanced Sharing.

2. Select the Share this Folder check box.

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Use advanced settings to create or modify a network share

3. Accept or change the proposed share name.

Note:

If the folder is already shared, and you want to add another share name (perhaps with
different permissions), click Add, and then type the name for the new share. The share
name is the name that other users will see in their own Network folders. Windows initially
proposes to use the folder’s name as its share name. That’s usually a good choice, but
you’re not obligated to accept it. If you already have a shared folder with that name, you’ll
need to pick a different name.

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4. Type a description of the folder’s contents in the Comments box. Other users will
see this description when they inspect the folder’s properties dialog box in their Network
folder (or when they use the Details view).

5. To limit the number of users who can connect to the shared folder concurrently,
specify a number in the Limit the number of simultaneous users to box. Windows Vista
permits up to 10 concurrent users. (If you need to share a folder with more than 10 users
at once, you must use a server version of Windows.)

6. Click Permissions.

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The default share permission associated with a new share is Read access to everyone.

Caution:

When you share a folder, you also make that folder’s subfolders available on the network.
If the access permissions you set for the folder aren’t appropriate for any of its
subfolders, either reconsider your choice of access permissions or restructure your
folders to avoid the problem.

7. In the Group or user names box, select the name of the user or group you want to
manage. The share permissions for the selected user or group appear in the permissions
box.

8. Select Allow, Deny, or neither for each access control entry:

• Full Control Allows users to create, read, write, rename, and delete files in the
folder and its subfolders. In addition, users can change permissions and take ownership
of files on NTFS volumes. .

• Change Allows users to read, write, rename, and delete files in the folder and its
subfolders, but not create new files. .

• Read Allows users to read files but not write to them or delete them. If

you select neither . allow nor Deny, it is still possible that the user or

group can inherit the permission through membership in another group

that has the permission. If the user or group doesn’t belong to another such group, the
user or group is implicitly denied permission.

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Note:

To remove a name from the Group or user names box, select the name, and then click
Remove. To add a name to the list, click Add. Enter the names of the users and groups
you want to add.

9. Click OK in each dialog box.

How share permissions and NTFS permissions work together

The implementation of share permissions and NTFS permissions is confusingly similar,

but it’s important to recognize that these are two separate levels of access control. Only
connections that successfully pass through both gates are granted access.

Share permissions control network access to a particular resource. Share permissions do

not affect users who log on locally. You set share permissions in the Advanced Sharing
dialog box, which you access from the Sharing tab of a folder’s properties dialog box.

NTFS permissions apply to folders and files on an NTFS-formatted drive. They provide
extremely granular control over an object. For each user to whom you want to grant
access, you can specify exactly what they’re allowed to do: run programs, view folder
contents, create new files, change existing files, and so on. You set NTFS permissions on
the Security tab of the properties dialog box for a folder or file.

It’s important to recognize that the two types of permissions are combined in the most
restrictive way. If, for example, a user is granted Read permission on the network share, it
doesn’t matter whether or not the account has Full Control NTFS permissions on the
same folder; the user gets only Read access when connecting over the network.

In effect, the two sets of permissions act in tandem as gatekeepers that winnow out
incoming network connections. An account that attempts to connect over the network

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is examined first by the share permissions gatekeeper. The account is either bounced
out on its caboodle or allowed to enter with certain permissions. It’s then confronted by
the NTFS permissions gatekeeper, which might strip away (but not add to) some or all of
the permissions granted at the first doorway.

In determining the effective permission for a particular account, you must also consider
the effect of group membership. Permissions are cumulative; an account that is a
member of one or more groups is granted all of the permissions that are granted
explicitly to the account as well as all of the permissions that are granted to each group of
which it’s a member. The only exception to this rule is Deny permissions, which take
precedence over any conflicting Allow permissions.

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Task-Sheet CO2.2-1

Title: Network Configuration

Performance Objective: Given (Equipments & Materials), you should be able to

(configure network and share files) following (network configuration and sharing
steps).

Materials : 1 Crossover Cable

Equipment : 2 Computer Sets

Steps/Procedure:

1. Make sure that you’re working area is ready.

2. Prepare two computers with network cable.

3. Configure HOMEGROUP.

4. Use static class C IP address.

5. Share Local Folder.

Assessment Method:

• Demonstration

• Interview

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Performance Criteria Check-list CO2.2-1

CRITERIA Did you…. YES NO

1. Configure HOMEGROUP Properly.

2. Use static class C IP address.

3. Share Files on the Network.

Information Sheets CO2.2-2

“Inspect & Diagnose Computer Network”

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Inspect Network Configuration

2. Diagnose Network Problems

When a user experiences a networking problem, NDF provides the ability to diagnose and
repair it by presenting the person with diagnostic assessments and resolution steps. NDF
simplifies and automates many of the common troubleshooting steps and solution
implementations for networking troubles.

Network Troubleshooting from the Network Icon in the Notification Area

You can easily launch network troubleshooting by right-clicking on the network icon in
the notification area of the Windows 7 desktop and selecting Troubleshoot problems.

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Windows Network Diagnostics will launch and attempt to detect and correct what’s
wrong.

Network Troubleshooting from Control Panel

With Windows 7, you don’t have to wait for an error to occur to use the built-in
diagnostics. You can launch a troubleshooting session anytime from the new
Troubleshooting item in Control Panel. When you do, the screen shown in Figure 1
appears. In this case, the tool has found that the computer has no Internet connection.
The page displays a boxed message that informs you of the problem and offers a Try to
connect again option.

Figure 1 Opening the Troubleshooting item in Control Panel produces this screen.

If you click on the Network and Internet selection, you’ll get the dialog box shown in
Figure 2. There you can choose from seven options that start sessions for
troubleshooting several types of issues: Internet-connection difficulties, problems
accessing files and folders on other computers, and network-printing troubles.

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Figure 2 Troubleshooting network and Internet problems.

Choosing any of the seven options launches a wizard that steps you through diagnosis of
the problem, and if possible, automated or manual correction. The troubleshooter also
records an Event Tracing Log (ETL). If the problem can’t be resolved, you can examine
and even forward the log. Just click on View History from the Troubleshooting dialog.
Figure 3 shows an example ETL.

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Figure 3 an example of troubleshooting history.

Each item in the history list represents a separate troubleshooting session.

Double-clicking on a session displays the results for it.

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Figure 4 Example of a troubleshooting report.

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To view the details of the detection, click the Detection details link, and you’ll see a
window like the one in Figure 5.

Figure 5 A typical Detection-details screen from a troubleshooting report.

Near the top of the dialog, you’ll see the name of the ETL file that contains the
information from the troubleshooting session. If you want to send a copy to support staff
or Microsoft for analysis, you can save the file by clicking on its name, which will bring up
the File Download dialog.

You can view and analyze ETL files with Network Monitor 3.3. You can also view the files
with Event Viewer and the [Link] tool as well as by converting them to XML or text
files with the netsh trace convert command. You can save the details of the

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troubleshooting session in a CAB file by right-clicking the session in the Troubleshooting

History window and then selecting Save As. Just as with ETL files, you can send the CAB
file to support staff for analysis.

Network Tracing with [Link]

Windows 7 includes a new [Link] context, netsh trace, for network tracing.
Commands in the netsh trace context allow you to selectively enable tracing for
providers and scenarios. A provider represents an individual component in the network
protocol stack, such as Winsock, TCP/IP, wireless LAN services, or NDIS. A tracing
scenario is a predefined collection of providers for a specific function, such as file sharing
or wireless LAN access. To exclude irrelevant details and reduce the size of the ETL file
you can apply filters.

Typically, to perform detailed troubleshooting of networking issues, you have to supply

your helpdesk staff or Microsoft’s Customer Service and Support organization with both
internal component tracing information and a capture of the network traffic at the time of
the problem. Prior to Windows 7, you had to carry out two different procedures to obtain
this information: Use [Link] commands to enable and disable tracing and a packet-
sniffer program, such as Network Monitor to capture the network traffic. And then you
faced the difficult task of tying together the information from these two sources to
determine when network traffic was sent relative to the events in the tracing logs.

In Windows 7, when you perform network tracing with commands in the netsh trace
context, ETL files can contain both network traffic and component tracing in sequence.
And you can display the ETL files with Network Monitor 3.3, which provides much more
efficient way to analyze and troubleshoot network problems. Figure 6 shows an
example of an ETL file being viewed in Network Monitor 3.3.

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Figure 6 Using Network Monitor 3.3 to view the network traffic recorded in an ETL file.

With this new capability, capturing network traffic requires neither end users nor
helpdesk staff to install and use Network Monitor on the computer having the problem.
Note that by default the ETL files generated for troubleshooting sessions from
Control Panel | Troubleshooting do not contain network traffic information.

To capture both tracing and network traffic information sequentially for multiple
components in the network stack (such as Winsock, DNS, TCP, NDIS, WFP and so forth),
Windows uses an activity-ID-based correlation known as grouping to collect and record
the tracing and traffic information in the ETL file. Grouping within the ETL file allows you
to examine the entire transaction as a single, correlated sequence of events.

For more information about the [Link] commands for a tracing session, see the
“Starting and Stopping a [Link] Trace” sidebar.

When you enable tracing with [Link], Windows 7 can create two files. An ETL file
contains trace events for Windows components, and if specified, network traffic. By
default, the ETL file is named [Link] and stored in the %TEMP%\NetTraces
folder. You can specify a different name and storage location with the trace file=
parameter. An optional CAB file can contain several types of files including text, Windows

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Registry, XML and others that store additional troubleshooting information. The CAB file
also includes a copy of the ETL file. By default, the CAB file is named [Link] and
stored in the %TEMP%\NetTraces folder.

You can also use [Link] tracing in conjunction with Control Panel | Troubleshooting.
First, use the appropriate [Link] command to enable tracing for the scenario. For
example, use the netsh trace scenario=internetclient report=yes command. Use Control
Panel | Troubleshooting to run the Connect to the Internet troubleshooting session.
When complete, run the netsh trace stop command. Now, when you view the history of
the troubleshooting session, you’ll be able to access the CAB file.

Sidebar: Starting and Stopping a [Link] Trace

To start a network trace with [Link], first run an elevated command prompt. To
display the list of trace providers, type netsh trace show providers. To produce the list of
trace scenarios, type netsh trace show scenarios. To show the list of trace providers
within a scenario, type netsh trace show scenario Name.

You can start a trace for one or multiple providers or scenarios. For example, to do so for
the Internet Client scenario, type netsh trace start scenario=internetclient.

To start tracing for more than one scenario, you can specify all of the appropriate
scenarios, such as netsh trace start scenario=File Sharing scenario=Direct Access. You
can create a CAB file with a formatted report by including the report=yes parameter. Use
trace file=parameter to specify a name and location for the ETL and CAB files. If you
want to record network traffic in the ETL file, include the capture=yes parameter.

For example, here’s the command that will start a trace for the WLAN scenario, create a
CAB file with a formatted report, capture network traffic, and store the files with the
name WLAN Test in the C:\Tshoot folder: netsh trace start scenario=WLAN capture=yes
report=yes trace file=c:\tshoot\[Link].

To stop tracing, use the netsh trace stop command.

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For more information, see Netsh Commands for Network Trace in Windows Server 2008
R2.

Sidebar: Using Network Monitor 3.3 to View ETL Files

Before Network Monitor 3.3 can fully display the ETL files generated by Windows 7, you
must configure full Windows parsers. By default, Network Monitor

3.3 uses stub Windows parsers. To configure full Windows parsers, click Tools | Options |
Parsers. In the list of parsers, click Windows | Stubs to disable stub parsers and enable full
parsers, then click OK.

Job-Sheet CO2.2-2

Title: Diagnose computer network

Performance Objective: Given (Equipments & Materials), you should be able to

(Diagnose computer network) following (Network Diagnostic procedures).

Materials : 1 Crossover Cable

Equipment : 2 Computer Sets

Steps/Procedure:

1. Make sure that you’re working area is ready.

2. Prepare two computers with network cable.

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3. Inspect & diagnose network.

4. Make diagnostic report.

5. Prepare repair solutions report.

Assessment Method:

• Demonstration

• Interview

Performance Criteria Check-list CO2.2-2

CRITERIA Did you…. YES NO

1. Make sure that working area is ready.

2. Prepare two computers with network cable.

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3. Inspect & diagnose network.

4. Make diagnostic report.

5. Prepare repair solutions report.

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