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Understanding ER Models for Databases

The document discusses the fundamentals of modeling databases using the Entity Relationship Model (ER Model), which includes key concepts such as entities, attributes, and relationships. It outlines different types of relationships, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many, along with examples for each. Additionally, it touches on the concept of cardinality in database management systems.

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Prachi More
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4 views5 pages

Understanding ER Models for Databases

The document discusses the fundamentals of modeling databases using the Entity Relationship Model (ER Model), which includes key concepts such as entities, attributes, and relationships. It outlines different types of relationships, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many, along with examples for each. Additionally, it touches on the concept of cardinality in database management systems.

Uploaded by

Prachi More
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

10/18/24, 8:00 AM Revolutionizing the Job Market | NxtWave

Modelling Databases: Part 1


To model a database, we have to first understand the business requirements at
conceptual level, which is later translated into a relational database.

For understanding the business requirements at a conceptual level, we use

Entity Relationship Model (ER Model) .

Core Concepts in ER Model

Entity

Real world
objects/concepts are
called entities in ER
Model.

Attributes of an Entity

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Properties of real world


objects/concepts are
represented as
attributes of an entity in
ER model.

Key Attribute

The attribute that


uniquely identifies each
entity is called key
attribute.

Entity Type

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Entity
Type is a
collection
of
entities
that have
the same
attributes
(not
values).

Relationships

Association among the entities is called a relationship.

Example:

Person has a passport.

Person can have many cars.

Each student can register for many courses, and a course can have
many students.

Types of relationships
One-to-One Relationship
One-to-Many or Many-to-One Relationship
Many-to-Many Relationship

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One-to-One Relationship

An entity is related to
only one entity, and
vice versa.

Example

A person can
have only
one passport.

similarly, a passport
belongs to one and
only one person.

One-to-Many Relationship

An entity is related to
many other entities.

Example

A person can have


many cars. But a
car belongs to only
one person.

Many-to-Many Relationship

Multiple
entities are
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related to
multiple
entities.

Example

Each
student
can
register
to
multiple
courses.

similarly
each
course is
taken by
multiple
students.

Cardinality Ratio

Cardinality in DBMS defines the maximum number of times an instance in one


entity can relate to instances of another entity.

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