Scribd
Upload
7 views3 pages

C++ Modular Programming with Functions

Modular programming involves breaking down a large program into smaller, manageable tasks using functions, which can be reused without redevelopment. In C++, function prototypes are mandatory if defined after the main function, and functions can return various types of values except arrays. Parameters in functions can be classified as input, output, or input-output, with specific rules for their declaration and order.

Uploaded by

Pandu Ranga
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views3 pages

C++ Modular Programming with Functions

Modular programming involves breaking down a large program into smaller, manageable tasks using functions, which can be reused without redevelopment. In C++, function prototypes are mandatory if defined after the main function, and functions can return various types of values except arrays. Parameters in functions can be classified as input, output, or input-output, with specific rules for their declaration and order.

Uploaded by

Pandu Ranga
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

7.

Modular
Programming with
Functions
The process of splitting a large program into small
manageable tasks and designing them
independently is popularly called modular
programming or divide-and-conquer technique.

A repeated group of instructions in a program can


be organized as a function. It can be invoked
instead of having the same pattern of code
wherever it is required.

A function can be invoked which behaves as


though its code is inserted at the point of the
function call.

Functions can be accessed repeatedly without


redevelopment, which in turn promotes reuse of
code.

C++ makes prototyping mandatory if functions are


defined after the function main. If the function is
defined before its invocation then its prototype
declaration is optional.
C++ assumes void type in case no arguments are
specified in the argument list; the default return
type is an integer.

The function itself is referred to as function


definition. The first line of the function definition is
known as function declarator and is followed by the
function body.

In the case of a program having a large number of


functions, the programmer has to arrange the
functions such that they are defined before they
are called by any other function.

The return value can be a constant, a variable, a


user-defined data structure, a general expression
(reducible expressions), a pointer to a function or a
function call (in which case the call must return a
value).

C++ does not place any restriction on the type of


return value, except that it cannot be an array (a
pointer to an array can be returned. A function can
return an array that is a part of a structure).

Library functions are shipped along with the


compilers. They are predefined and precompiled
into library files, and their prototypes can be found
in the files with .h (called header files) as their
extension in the include directory. The definitions
are available in the form of object codes in the files
with .lib(called library files) as their extension in
the lib directory.

The parameters used to transfer data to a function


are known as input parameters and those used to
transfer the result to the caller are known as
output parameters. The parameters used to
transfer data in both the directions are called input
output parameters.

The formal parameters are those specified in the


function declaration and function definition. The
actual parameters are those specified in the
function call.

Parameters without default arguments are placed


first, and those with default values are placed later
(because of the C++ convention of storing the
arguments on the stack from right to left).

You might also like