BPSC TRE 4.

0 BY : JAYKANT SIR

NUMBER SYSTEM & CONVERSION

THEORY AND EXAMPLE (Decimal Number System)

(Binary) :
Types of Number
� (105.25) —
Range
System Base/Radix LSB (Least Significant Bit)
2 105 1
1. Binary Number System 2 0, 1
2 52 0
2 26 0
2. Octal Number System 8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 2 13 1
3. Decimal Number System 10 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2 6 0
8, 9 2 3 1
4. Hexadecimal Number 16 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1
System 7, 8, 9 MSB (Most significant Bit)
A, B, C, D, E, F .25
Binary System Decimal ×2
MSB
System 0.50 0
� (1001.101)2 Decimal Number — .50
Binary No. ×2
1 0 0 1 . 1 0 1
1.00 1 LSB
(23 22 21 20 . (2-1 2-2 2-3)
1 1 1 (105.25)10 = (1101001.01)2
(8 4 2 1) . ( ) or, (1101001.0100)2
2 4 8
(8 4 2 1) . (0.5 0.25 0.125) � 0.85 —
� (1 × 8 + 0 × 4 + 0 × 2 + 1 × 1) . 0.85
(1 × 0.5 + 0 × 0.25 + 1 × 0.125) ×2
(8 + 0 + 0 + 1) . (0.5 + 0 + 0.125) 1.70 1 MSB
(9) . (0.625)
= (9.625)10 0.70
(1001.101)2 = (9.625)10 ×2
1.40 1
� (1101)2 Decimal Number —
Series of No. : 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ....... 0.40
1 1 0 1 ×2
8 4 2 1 0.80 0
(1 × 8 + 1 × 4 + 0 × 2 + 1 × 1) 0.80
= (8 + 4 + 0 + 1) = (13)10 ×2 LSB
� (.110)2 — 1.60 1
Binary no. : 1 1 0 (0.85)10 = (.1101)2
2–1 2–2 2–3 or, (0.1101)2
1 1 1 Octal Number Decimal Number :
2 4 8 � (731)8 Decimal —
1 1 1 Octal No. 7 3 1
� 1× +1× +0× Octal weight (8)2 (8)1 (8)0
2 4 8
� � �
1 1 2 �1 3 Decimal value 64 8 1
� � �0 � � = (.75)10
2 4 4 4
� (64 × 7 + 8 × 3 + 1 × 1)
 BPSC TRE 4.0 BY : JAYKANT SIR
= 448 + 24 + 1 = (473)10 0.12
� (0.361)8 Decimal Number —
×8
0.96 0.96
Octal No. 3 6 1 ×8
8–1 8–2 8–3 0 7.68 0.68
MSD ×8
1 1 1
7 5.44 0.44
8 64 512 ×8
0.125 0.0156 0.00195 .0753 5 3.52
� 3 × 0.125 + 6 × 0.0156 + 1 × 0.00195
= .375 + 0.0936 + 0.00195 3
= (0.47055)10 LSD
(1470.12)10 = (2676.0753)8
Hexadecimal Decimal :
Decimal Number Hexadecimal Number :
� (ABC)16 Decimal Number —
� (157.625)10 Hexadecimal Number —
Hexadecimal No. 10 11 12
16 157 13.D LSD
A B C 9D
2 9
Hexadecimal weight (16) (16)1 160
256 16 1 .625
×16
(ABC)16 = (256 × 10 + 16 × 11 + 1 × 12)
10.000 0.000
= 2560 + 176 + 12 = (9D.A)16
= (2748)10 10 A
� (0.19)10 Hexadecimal Number —
� (.A01)16 Decimal —
Hexadecimal No. A 0 1 0.19
× 16
Hexadecimal weight 16–1 16–2 16–3 3.04 0.04
1 1 1 × 16
3 0.64 0.64
16 256 4096 MSD × 16
0.0625 0.0039 0.0002 0 10.24 0.24
(0.A01)16 = (10 × 0.0625 + 0 × 0.0039 + 1 × 0.0002) × 16
.0753 A 3.84 .84
= 0.625 + 0.0002
= (0.6252)10 3
Decimal Number Octal Number : LSD
� (1470.12)10 Octal No. — (0.19)10 = (0.30A3)16
Binary Octal Number :
8 1470 6 LSD (Least Significant Digit) � Binary (01011.0011)2 Octal
8 183 7
Binary Octal (fraction/point/
8 22 6
/1.1) right 3-3 bit
2
2 6 7 6 (group) left
MSD (Most Significant Digit) 0
Binary Point Octal
left 3-3 bit
right 0 add
001 011 . 001 100

1 3 1 4
 BPSC TRE 4.0 BY : JAYKANT SIR
(01011.0011)2 = (13.14)8 Sol. (a) —
Octal Number Binary Number System : � 2
� Octal Binary Octal digit �
3 bit binary �
� (507.23)8 Binary — � (0)
5 0 7 . 2 3
101 000 111 010 011 5 —
= (101000111.010011)2 2 5 1
Binary Number Hexadecimal Number : 2 2 0
� Binary Hexadecimal 1
right 4-4 bit group 4-bit
5 101
group left 0 add
2. 2 ______
(fraction) Hexadecimal
left 4-4 bit group 4-bit
Radix 2 is used for representing
group right 0 add [RRB, ALP/Tech. 23 Jan, 2019 (Shift-2)]
� (110101.111101)2 Hexadecimal — (a) (hexadecimal numbers)
0011 0101 . 111 1 0100 (b) (octal numbers)
(c) (binary numbers)
(d) (decimal numbers)
3 5 15 4
Sol. (c) 2

F
�
(110101.111101)2 = (35.F4)16
Hexadecimal Number Binary Number :
� Hexadecimal Binary Hexadecimal
4-not binary 2
� (3 A D)16 Binary — 8
10
3 A D
16
� n-
0011 1010 1101
0 n–1
(3AD)16 = (001110101101)2
3. 1100101
Octal Hexadecimal Number : The number 1100101 is a
� Octal Hexadecimal Octal [RRB, ALP/Tech. 22 Jan, 2019 (Shift-3)]
Binary, binary Hexadecimal Number (a) Hexa decimal number
(b) Binary number
Hexadecimal Octal Number : (c) Decimal number
� Hexadecimal Octal Hexadecimal (d) Octal number
Binary, binary Octal Number Sol. (b) 1100101
� 2
� Range 0 1
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS � 1
1. 5 _______ � 0
The binary equivalent of decimal number 5 is ____. � 2– 2
[RRB, ALP/Tech. 23 Jan, 2019 (Shift-2)]
(a) 101 (b) 100
�
(c) 001 (d) 111
 BPSC TRE 4.0 BY : JAYKANT SIR
4. 4
� 0� �
Group of 4 bits forms a �
1� �
[RRB, ALP/Tech. 23 Jan, 2019 (Shift-1)]
(a) (Byte) (b) (Nibble) � 110101
(c) (Gigabyte) (d) (Terabyte) �
Sol. (b) LEVEL - II
�
9. 20
� 1024 =1K [UPPCL, 2021]
� 1024 × 1024 = 1 MB (a) 10100 (b) 1001
� 1024 × 1024 × 1024 = 1 GB (c) 1000010 (d) 11111
Sol. (a) = 20
LEVEL - I 2 20 0
5. — [UPPCL, 2016] 2 10 0
(a) 2 (b) 10 2 5 1
(c) 16 (d) 18 2 2 0
Sol. (a) 1
(20)10 = (10100)2
� r = 2, 0 1 10. (567)8 —
� 2 (a) 56710 (b) 88710
(c) 37510 (d) 50110
Sol. (c) (567)8
� 5 6 7
2 1 0
(8) (8) (8)
6. —
(a) 10 (b) 2 64 8 1
(c) 4 (d) 6 [JMRC, 2016]
� (64 × 5 + 8 × 6 + 1 × 7)
Sol. (b)
= 320 + 48 + 7 = (375)10
� 1 0
11. —
� 1 0
(a) 6 (b) 8
� 2
(c) 16 (d) 10 [JMRC, 2010]
Sol. (c) r = 16
7. (nibble) (bits) —
16 0 15 (0 – 9) (A–F)
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8 [HAL, 2015] � 16
Sol. (b) 1 4
�
� 4 =1
(0–9) A F
�

12. 1010,
�
[Ordnance Factory, 2014]
8. 110101 ______ [UPPCL, 2019] (a) 25 (b) 10
(a) (b) (c) 21 (d) 32
(c) (d) Sol. (b) 1010
Sol. (d) 0 1
 BPSC TRE 4.0 BY : JAYKANT SIR
1 0 1 0 � BCD 4-
23 22 21 20
8 4 2 1 � (10010011)BCD = (93)10
17. 39, — [UPRVNL, 2015]
� (8 × 1 + 0 × 4 + 1 × 2 + 0 × 1)
(a) 1000111 (b) 100111
� (8 + 0 + 2 + 0) = (10)10
(c) 101011 (d) 100101
13. 15
(a) 11 (b) 111 Sol. (b) 2 39 1 LSB
(c) 1111 (d) 1000 [HAL, 2015] 2 19 1
Sol. (c) = 15 2 9 1
(39)10 = (100111)2
2 15 1 (LSB) 2 4 0
2 7 1 2 2 0
2 3 1 1 MSB
2 1
(MSB) 18. 78
� (15)10 = (1111)2 (a) 1001110 (b) 111001
14. (101101)2 = (?)8 [UPRVNL, 2015] (c) 1000111 (d) 110011
(a) 45 (b) 35 Sol. (a) = 78
(c) 55 (d) 75
Sol. (c) (101101)2 = (?)8 LSB
� 2 78 0
3-3 bit 2 39 1
� 0 2 19 1
2 9 1
(101 101)2 2 4 0
2 2 0
5 5
� (101101)2 = (55)8 1
15. (43)10 = (?)2 [JMRC, 2008] MSB
(a) 101011 (b) 1100 10 (78)10 = (1001110)2
(c) 1000 10 (d) 0110 11 19. 336
(a) DE (b) FF
LSB
Sol. (a) 2 43 1 (c) E6 (d) FC [ALP, 2018]
2 21 1 Sol. (a) 336
2 10 0 (336)8
2 5 1 3 3 6
� � �
2 2 0 011 011 110
1 � (011011110)2
MSB 1101 1110
� �
(43)10 = (101011)2 13 14
� D E
(336)8 = (DE)16
16. BCD 1001 0011 —
20. 20 [JMRC, 2010]
(a) 147 (b) 143
(a) 10100 (b) 111111
(c) 93 (d) 39 [ALP, 2018]
(c) 000010 (d) 101001
Sol. (c) 1001 0011
� � Sol. (a)
9 3 � (20)10
 BPSC TRE 4.0 BY : JAYKANT SIR

2 20 0 LSB 2 26 0 MSB
2 10 0 2 13 1
2 5 1 2 6 0
2 2 0 2 3 1
1 1
MSB LSB
� (20)10 = (10100)2 (26)10 = (11010)2
21. 16
25. ______
(a) (b)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(c) (d)
Sol. (d) 16
� 0–9 0, 2, 3, Sol. (d)
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10 15
A, B, C, D, E, F �
�
� �

22. 4 �
[Ordnance Factory, 2014]
LEVEL - III
(a) 4 (b) 7
(c) 15 (d) 16 26. (addition) —
Sol. (c) 'n' = 2n – 1 (a) 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
� n=4 1 1 0 1 0
2n – 1
(b) 0 1 0 1
= 24 – 1 = 16 – 1 = 15
1 1 1 1
� � 4 �1 �
� � 1 0 1 0 0
� 8 �1 �
(c) 0 1 0 1
23. 11011 _______
1 1 1 1
(a) 26 (b) 25
(c) 24 (d) 27 [ALP, 2014] 1 1 0 0 1
Sol. (d) (11011)2 (d) 0 1 0 1 [UPPCL, 2018]
1 1 1 1
(11011)2 = 1 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 1 × 21 1 0 1 1 1
+ 1 × 20
= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1
Sol. (b) 0 1 0 1
= 27
1 1 1 1
24. (26)10 1 0 1 0 0
(a) 11111 (b) 11010 �
(c) 10000 (d) 101110
Sol. (b) (26)10 � 2–
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1 + 1 = 0 with carry 1
 BPSC TRE 4.0 BY : JAYKANT SIR
27. 35 (0.625)10
(bits) — [UPPCL, 2019] � .101
(a) 6 (b) 5
(c) 4 (d) 33 2–1 2–2 2–3

LSB
Sol. (a) 2 35 1 1 1 1
2 17 1 2 4 8
2 8 0 0.5 0.25 0.125
(35)10= (100011)2
2 4 0 = (0.5 5 1 + 0.25 × 0 + 0.125 × 1)
2 2 0 = (0.5 + 0 + 0.125)
1 = 0.625
MSB 31. BCD 125 —
� 35 (a) 1111101 (b) 0001 0010 0101
6 (c) 7D (d) FF2
28. (0.68)10 — Sol. (b) 1 2 5
� � �
(a) 0.0101012 (b) 0.1012 0001 0010 0101
(c) 0.101012 (d) 0.101112 � BCD 4–
Sol. (c) (0.68)10 � (0.10101)2

.68
� BCD 125 (0001 0010 0101)
MSB
×2
1.36 � 1 32. 149 —
.36
(a) 154 (b) 178
×2
0.72 � 0 (c) 254 (d) 225 [HAL, 2015]
.72 Sol. (d) (149)10 = (225)8
×2
1.44 � 1 8 149 5 LSB
.44 8 18 2
×2 2
0.88 � 0
MSB
.88 � 8
LSB
×2
8
1.76 � 1
33. 17
29. A0 —
— [ISRO Tech., 2020]
(a) 80 (b) 256
(a) 4 (b) 6
(c) 100 (d) 160 [ALP, 2014]
(c) 7 (d) 5
Sol. (d) (A0)16 = (160)10
Sol. (d) 2 17 1
� A 0
2 8 0
10 0
2 4 0
(16)1 (16)0
2 2 0
16 1
1 (17)10 = (10001)2
= (16 × 10 + 16 × 0)
� 17 5
= (160 + 0)
= 160
34. 175, —
30. 110.101 — (a) 257 (b) 752
(a) 0.125 (b) 0.625 (c) 527 (d)
(c) 0.825 (d) 0.50 [HAL, 2015]
Sol. (b) (110.101)2 (.101)2
 BPSC TRE 4.0 BY : JAYKANT SIR
Sol. (a) 8 175 7 � A � 1010,B � 1011,C � 1100 �
� � �
8 21 5 � D � 1101,E � 1110,F � 1111 �
(175)10 = (257) 8
2
35. BCD 0110 0001 1001 — 39. DFC [ALP, 2014]
(a) 615 (b) 916 (a) 6670 (b) 8990
(c) 619 (d) 919 [HAL, 2015] (c) 3580 (d) 57549
Sol. (c) 0110 0001 1001
Sol. (c)
� � �
6 1 9 � (DFC)16
� BCD (0110 0001 1001) (619) � D = 13, F = 15, C = 12
(DFC)16 = D × 162 + F × 161 + C × 160
� BCD 4
= 13 × 162 + 15 × 161 + 12 × 160
= 3328 + 240 + 12
36. BCD — [UPPCL, 2014]
= 3580
(a)
(DFC)16 = (3580)10
(b)
(c) 4- 40. (1110)2 [UPPCL, 2015]
(a) 10 (b) 12
(d) (c) 14 (d) 16
Sol. (c) BCD = Sol. (c) (1110)2
� BCD
(1110)2 = 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20
4–
= 8 + 4 + 2 = (14)10
� 0 9 BCD
� (1110)2 = (14)10
� 41. 111 101
(a) 100011 (b) 100010
37. 0.0111 — (c) 100111 (d) 100110
(a) 0.4375 (b) 0.6225
Sol. (a)
(c) 0.8325 (d) 0.1105
Sol. (a) (0.0111)2 = (0.4375)10 111
0 1 1 1 × 101
� � � � 111 (111 × 101) = 100011
2–1 2–2 2–3 2–4 000×
111×
1 1 1 1 100011
2 4 8 16
42. 1035
0.5 0.25 0.125 0.0625
(a) 540 (b) 541
= (0.5 × 0 + 0.25 × 1 + 0.125 × 1 + 0.0625 × 1)
= (0 + 0.25 + 0.125 + 0.0625) (c) 542 (d) 543 [ALP, 2018]
= (0.4375)10 Sol. (b) 1035
38. C3 — (1035)8 = 1 × 83 + 0 × 82 + 3 × 81 + 5 × 80
(a) 1111 (b) 110011 = 512 + 0 + 24 + 5
(c) 1111100 (d) 11000011 = 541
Sol. (d) C 3 (1035)8 = (541)10
� �
1100 0011
�
4–
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