What is a metamorphic rock?
❖From Greek word “meta "means change and
“morphe” means form.
❖Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been
“changed.”
❖They form when igneous or sedimentary rocks are
heated, crushed
or deeply buried.
❖ They are often harder than protolith or parent rock.
How is it formed?
Metamorphism
- The process by which rocks are changed in composition, texture, or
structure by extreme heat and pressure.
Volcanic Eruptions
When a volcano erupts it
makes intense heat and it
crushes a lot of rocks which
makes many metamorphic
rocks.
Meteorite Crash
When a meteorite crashes or hits the earth it
melts or shatters the rock where they land,
forming a metamorphic rock.
Tectonic Plates
When tectonic plates move,
they crush the rocks beneath
them turning the rocks into
metamorphic rocks
What are the characteristics of
Metamorphic rocks?
❖Metamorphic rocks have a
rough or smooth texture
according to the types of rocks.
Each rock is very unique and
special, according to their
Steatite is soft and slippery
weight, size, color, texture and
even structure! Like, when you
compare 2 different
metamorphic rocks, there's
always a difference.
Mylonite is formed by stretched rock
Foliation (Layered appearance) Non-Foliated (No layers in appearance)
Foliated Gneiss Marble
❖ It may also contain minerals like quartz, feldspar, and mica
❖It is also harder and more resistant to erosion than their parent rock.
❖It has unique patterns and colors due to mineral rearrangement.
What are the types of
Metamorphic rocks?
❖Shale – any of a group of fine-
grained, laminated sedimentary
rocks consisting of silt- and clay-
sized particles.
❖Slate - is mainly composed of
quartz, sericite and minerals of
the chlorite group.
❖Phyllite- is a foliated
metamorphic rock rich in tiny
sheets of sericite mica.
❖Schist – is a type of rock that
breaks easily into thin layers,
formed of mica or other
minerals.
❖Gneiss - is a high-grade
metamorphic rock, meaning that
it has been subjected to higher
temperatures and pressures
than schist. It is formed by the
metamorphosis of granite, or
sedimentary rock.
❖Gypsum - forms when salty
water evaporates.
❖Quartzite is a hard, non-foliated
metamorphic rock which was
originally pure quartz sandstone.
❖ Marble is a metamorphic rock
that forms when limestone is
subjected to the heat and
pressure of metamorphism. It is
composed primarily of the
mineral calcite (CaCO3) and
usually contains other minerals,
such as clay minerals, micas,
quartz, pyrite, iron oxides, and
graphite.
❖Soapstone—also known as
Steatite—is a metamorphic rock
that consists primarily of talc
and also contains varying
amounts of other minerals such
as micas, chlorite, amphiboles,
quartz, magnesite, and
carbonates.
❖Hornfels - is a fine-grained
metamorphic rock that was
subjected to the heat of contact
metamorphism at a shallow
depth.
❖Greenstone - is a rare foliated
metamorphic rock that forms
when oceanic crust rubs against
the overriding plate as it
subducts at a subduction zone.
❖Granulite - refers to a type of
high-grade metamorphic rock
that forms under high
temperature and moderate
pressure. It is characterized by a
granoblastic texture and
contains a significant amount of
quartz, feldspar or pyroxene,
and garnets
❖Eclogites - consist primarily of
green pyroxene (omphacite) and
red garnet (pyrope), with small
amounts of various other stable
minerals—e.g., rutile. They are
formed when volcanic or
metamorphic rocks rich in such
mafic minerals are subjected to
extremely high pressures and
moderate to relatively high
temperatures.
❖Skarns or tactites - are coarse-
grained metamorphic rocks that
form by replacement of carbonate-
bearing rocks during regional or
contact metamorphism and
metasomatism
❖Migmatite -is a metamorphic rock
formed by anatexis that is generally
heterogeneous and preserves
evidence of partial melting at the
microscopic to macroscopic scale .
Migmatites represent the
transition from metamorphic to
igneous rocks in the rock cycle.
❖Serpentinite - is a metamorphic
rock that forms at tectonic plate
boundaries deep within the Earth.
It is a metamorphic rock composed
of one or more of the serpentine
group minerals (antigorite,
lizardite, and chrysotile)
❖Mylonite - can be formed by
converting many kinds of rocks,
particularly those predominantly
composed of quartz, feldspar,
calcite, dolomite, sericite, and
chlorite. The likely parent rocks
are sandstone, granite,
granodiorite, diorite, limestone,
marble, and dolostone.
❖Anthracite - is the most
metamorphosed type of coal,
but still represents low-grade
metamorphism, in which the
carbon content is between 86%
and 97%
What are the uses of
Metamorphic rocks?
1. Building Materials – Marble
and slate are used for flooring,
countertops, and roofing.
2. Sculptures and Monuments –
Marble is commonly used for
statues and memorials.
3. Construction – Gneiss and
quartzite are used in roads,
bridges, and buildings.
4. Industrial Use – Talc (from
metamorphic rocks) is used in
making cosmetics and paper.
5. Jewelry and Decorative Items –
Some metamorphic rocks, like
jade, are used in ornaments and
jewelry.
Presented by: GROUP 3
Antolin, Jaime Ymanuel Cierva, Kyrie Madeline
Cabanlit , Jayred Chaz Daoa, Charnelle Khate
Morales, Zeus Christeoff Del Monte, Norice Jed
Santos, Richard Emmanuel Urbina, Margarette