Tutorial 4
MATS405- Destructive and Non destructive Testing of Materials
Spring 2025
Before the Midterm
• Differentiate between destructive and nondestructive tests.
• How to get the mechanical properties from the mechanical tests.
• True stress and strain, Weibull distribution plot
• Fatigue and creep tests.
Why do we need testing?
• As a quality control check in the production of metal semi-finished products
• As an acceptance check by a component manufacturer.
• To check finished components prior to final assembly.
• For the in-service checking of components.
Materials Flaws
Why the longer the wire, the smaller the load to fail it?
Larger samples with more surface areas are more flawed, Flaws cause premature failure.
• Engineering materials (Materials with flaws ) TS << TS
engineering
• Perfect materials (Materials without flaws ) materials
perfect materials
Why Destructive and non Destructive testing ?
1. Detect Flaws.
2. Characterize the materials.
3. Evaluating the materials.
4. Testing the materials.
The Difference
Ductile Brittle
Resolved Shear Stress
Slip Systems “Schmidt’s Law”
Fr= F Cos (λ)
A=A Cos (ø)
• In single crystals there are preferred planes where dislocations τ = F/Ai
move (slip planes). F cos λ , AΤcos ϕ are
the projected
• Within the slip planes there are preferred crystallographic components.
directions for dislocation movement (slip directions).
Slip plane +
Slip direction
= Slip system
λ: angle between slip direction and slip plane .
ø: angle between normal plane and sip plane.
Note: The slip planes and directions are those of highest packing
density. Since the distance between atoms is shorter. • Definition of the resolved shear stress, τ which directly
produced plastic deformation (a shearing action) as a
result of the external application of a simple stress, σ
Slip Systems
• When the applied stress is the yielding stress, critical resolved
shear stress will occur and lead to fracture.
Yield stress occur when maximize Schmidt's Factor λ=ø= 45
Problem 1
Determine the number of slip systems for The following at room temperature, cold temperature
and high temperature.
Solution
CCP : Closed Packed Plane
Problem 2
Calculate resolved shear stress on (111), [101], if stress is 10,000 Psi is
applied on [001] in FCC UC.
Solution
λ: angle between slip direction and slip plane .
ø: angle between normal plane and slip plane.
Problem 3
We are asked to compute the Schmidt’s factor for an FCC crystal oriented with its
[100] direction parallel to the loading axis. With this scheme, slip may occur on the (111)
plane and in the direction as noted in the figure below.
Solution
The angle between the [100] and [11̅0] directions, λ, may be determined using the following:
Now, the angle φ is equal to the angle between the normal to the (111) plane (which is
the [111] direction), and the [100] direction.
Therefore, Schmidt’s factor is
Problem 4
This problem calls for us to determine whether or not a metal single crystal having a specific
orientation and of given critical resolved shear stress will yield. We are given that φ = 60°, λ = 35°,
and that the values of the critical resolved shear stress and applied tensile stress are 6.2 MPa
(900 psi) and 12 MPa (1750 psi), respectively.
Solution
• Since the resolved shear stress (4.91 MPa) is less that the critical resolved shear
stress (6.2 MPa), the single crystal will not yield.
• However, the stress at which yielding occurs is
Problem 5
• We are asked to compute the critical resolved shear stress for Zn. As stipulated in the problem, φ
= 65°, while possible values for λ are 30°, 48°, and 78°.
Solution
(a) Slip will occur along that direction for which (cos φ cos λ) is a maximum, or, in this case, for
the largest cos λ. The cosines for the possible λ values are given below.
Thus, the slip direction is at an angle of 30° with the tensile axis.
(b) the critical resolved shear stress is
Problem 6
This problem asks that, for a metal that has the FCC crystal structure, we compute the applied
stress(s) that are required to cause slip to occur on a (111) plane in each of the , plane, and
directions. In order to solve this problem it is necessary to employ Equation (7.3), which means
that we will need to solve for the for angles l and f for the three slip systems. CRSS=0.5 Mpa.
• In the sketch below is shown the unit cell and (111)-[11̅0] slip configuration (1st).
Solution
(a) The angle between the [100] and directions, λ, is 45°. For the (111) plane, the angle between
its normal (which is the [111] direction) and the [100] direction, φ, is 54.7°, therefore, solving for
the yield strength
Solution
(b) The (111)- [101̅]slip configuration (2nd) is represented in the following sketch.
For this situation values for λ and φ are the same as for the previous
situation—i.e., λ = 45 and φ = 54.7 . This means that the yield strength
for this slip system is the same as for (111)- ; that is σy = 1.22 MPa.
Solution
(c) The unit cell and final (111)- [01̅1] slip system (3rd) are presented in the following
illustration
In this case, φ has the same value as previously (i.e., 54.7°); however the value
for λ is 90°. Thus, the yield strength for this configuration is
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION