EXPONENTIAL

FUNCTIONS

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
Learning Objectives
• Represent real-life situations using exponential
functions.
• Distinguish between exponential function, exponential
equation, and exponential inequalities.
• Solve problems involving exponential equations.

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
Population Growth
�
� = �0 ∙ 2�
Where:
� is population after �
�0 is the initial population at �
� is final time
� is the interval time

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
Half Life
�
1 �
� = �0 ∙
2
Where:
� is number of nuclei remaining after �
�0 is the initial population at �
� is final time
� is the half-time

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
Compound Interest
�
�=� 1+�
Where:
� is maturity value
� is the principal/amount deposited/borrowed
� is the rate
� is the time interval

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
DEFINITIONS

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
DEFINITIONS
Exponential Exponential Exponential
Function Equation Inequality
Function in the
An equation An inequality
form � (� ) =
involving involving
Definition �� ,
exponential exponential
where a > 0,
expression expression
a≠1
1 �−1 1 1
72�+3 = 72�+3 ≥
Example
� � = 2 2
2

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
FUNCTION/EQUATION/INEQUALITY?
2�−1
1. ≥ 1028 üExponential
2048
inequality
2�−1 1
2. 5 = üExponential
�2
4
equation
3. = 21 üNon-exponential
2
4. � � = 23� üExponential
2�−1
Function
5. = 1028 üExponential
equation
2048

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
EXPONENTIAL
EQUATION

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
LAW OF EXPONENTS
PRODUCT RULE QUOTIENT RULE POWER RULE
�� �
�� ∙ �� = ��+� = ��−� �� = ���
��

NEGATIVE FRACTIONAL
ZERO RULE
EXPONENT EXPONENT
� �
�� =� �−� = � �� =
�
��
�

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
EXAMPLES: Solve the exponential
equation.
1. 42�+3 = 1

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
EXAMPLES: Solve the exponential
equation.
−2�+1 −2�−3 1
2. 3 ∙3 =
3�

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
EXAMPLES: Solve the exponential
equation.
813�+2
3. = 34
243−�

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
EXAMPLES: Solve the exponential
equation.
� 1
4. 2 ∙ = 32
32

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
Your turn! Solve each equation. Show
solutions. Write them on your
notebooks.
1. 4�−1 = 16
2. 3 ∙ 3� = 81
1
3. 5� − 1000 = 14625
52�

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
ASSESSMENT

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
Application of Exponential
Functions

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
Population Growth
�
� = �0 ∙ 2�
Where:
� is population after �
�0 is the initial population at �
� is final time
� is the interval time

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
Half Life
�
1 �
� = �0 ∙
2
Where:
� is number of nuclei remaining after �
�0 is the initial population at �
� is final time
� is the half-time

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
Compound Interest
�
�=� 1+�
Where:
� is maturity value
� is the principal/amount deposited/borrowed
� is the rate
� is the time interval

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
EXAMPLES
1. Suppose that the half-life of a cesium is 30 years. If
there were initially 2000 g of the substance, (a) give an
exponential model for the situation, and (b) solve for
what will remain after 200 years.
2. Supposed that a couple invested Php 50 000 in an
account when their child was born to prepare for the
child’s college education. The interest rate is 2.2%
compounded annually.
(a) Give an exponential model for the situation.
(b) Will the money be doubled by the time the child
turns 18 years old?

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
 EXAMPLES
1. Suppose that the half-life of a cesium is 30 years. If there were initially
2000 g of the substance, (a) give an exponential model for the situation, and
(b) solve for what will remain after 200 years.

� �
1 � 1 30
� = �0 ∙ � = 2000 ∙
2 2 200
Where: 1 30
� is number of nuclei � = 2000 ∙
2
remaining after � � = ��. �� �
�0 is the initial population at
�
� is final time
� is the half-time

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER
 EXAMPLES
2. Supposed that a couple invested Php 50 000 in an account when their
child was born to prepare for the child’s college education. The interest rate is
2.2% compounded annually.
(a) Give an exponential model for the situation.
(b) Will the money be doubled by the time the child turns 18 years old?

�=� 1+� � � = 50000 1 + 0.022 �

Integrated School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUSTER