Lesson-by-Lesson Review

3-1
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Graphing Linear Functions
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..
Find the x-intercept andy-intercept of the graph of each ,. Example1 ;
linear function. Graph 3x- y = 4 by using the x- andy-intercepts.
11. 12. y Find the x-intercept. Find they-intercept.
-8 0 3x - y = 4 3x - y=4
-4 3 3x - 0 = 4 Let y = 0. 3(0) - y= 4 Letx= 0.
0 6
3x=4 -y=4
4 9 4
x= - y = -4
8 12 3
. 4
x-~ntercept:
Graph each equation. Then state the domain and range. 3
y-intercept: -4
13. y= -x+ 2 14. x+5y = 4
The graph intersects the Yl i
15. 2x- 3y= 6 16. 5x + 2y= 10 J
x-axis at (~· 0) and the I
y-axis at (0, - 4). Plot 01 f/ I I I IX
17. SOUND The distanced in kilometers that sound waves
J
travel through water is given by d = 1.6t, where tis the these points. Then draw ~
the line through them.
time in seconds.
IIII J ~= 3x_. 4L
a. Make a table of values and graph the equation. II
b. Use the graph to estimate how far sound can
F
travel through water in 7 seconds.

3-2 Zeros of Linear Functions

----·- Example 2 · -r
Find the zeros of each function by graphing.
18. f(x) = 2x + 8 19. f(x) = 4x - 24 Find the zeros of f(x) = 3x + 3 by graphing.

20. f(x) =3x-5 21. f(x) = 6x + 3 The graph intersects the x-axis at -1. So, the solution is -1.
22. f(x) = 16 - 8x 23. f(x) = 21 + 3x I I I I I fri I I I I
A
24. f(x) = -4x - 28 25. f(x) = 25x - 225 lr I fl.' .
I I I I I If Ir = -5x -r -5
26. FUNDRAISING Sean's class is selling boxes of popcorn to J
I
raise money for a class trip. Sean's class paid $85 fo r the II
popcorn, and they are selling each box for $1. The 11 0 X

function y = x- 85 represents their profit yfor the 'f

number of boxes sold x. Find the zero and describe what
it means in this situation.

[Link] 213
 3-3 Rate of Change and Slope
Find the rate of change represented in each table or graph. Example3
27. y ~ I I 28. Find the slope of the line that passes through
J (1 , 3) - - (0, -4) and (3, 2).
I -2 -3
y ~
If 0 -3 (3, 2) /
OJ X
)
I I
!f 12 -3 0 j X
J f/
(-2, -6) 1 j
i I I J f--
(0, -4) I
I I I ~ j
1,.
Find the slope of the line that passes through each pair
Let (0, - 4) = (x1, y1) and (3, 2) = (x2• y2).
of points.
Yz- Y1
m= --
x2 - x
Slope formula
29. (0, 5), (6, 2) 30. (- 6, 4), (- 6, - 2) 1
2- (-4)
31. PHOTOS The average cost of online photos decreased x1 = 0, x2 = 3, y1 = -4. y2 = 2
3-0
from $0.50 per print to $0.13 per print between 2002 and _ 6
2013. Find the average rate of change in the cost. Explain -3 or2 Simplify.
what it means.

3-4 Slope-Intercept Form

Write an equation of a line in slope-intercept form with the Example4
given slope andy-intercept. Then graph the equation. Write an equation of a line in slope-intercept form with
32. slope: 3, y-intercept: 5 slope -5 andy-intercept -3. Then graph the equation.

33. slope: -2, y-intercept: - 9 y = mx + b Slope-intercept form

y = - 5x + (-3) m = -5 and b = -3
34. slope:~· y-int ercept: 3
y = - 5x- 3 Simplify.
35. slope:-%. y-intercept: - 2 To graph the equation, plot they-intercept (0, -3).

Graph each equation. Then state the slope and Then move up 5 units and left 1 unit. Plot the point.
y-intercept. Draw a line through the two points.

36. y= 4x - 2 37. y = - 3x+ 5 ~ tr I I I 1 l

1 \ Y y= -5x- 3
38. y= 2x + 1 39. 3x+ 4y= 8

40. SKI RENTAL Write an equation in slope-intercept form \

l X
for the total cost of skiing for h hours with one lift ticket 'I
and ski rental.

wache Slope !_
Ski lodge
Lift Ticket $50/day
Ski Rental 10/hour

214 I Chapter 3 I Study Guide and Review

3-5 Transformations of Linear Functions
Describe the transformation in each function as it relates to 1-
ExampleS r
the graph of ~x) = x. The cost of picking your own strawberries at a farm is
41. g(x) = x- 7 described by p(x) = 2.5x + 5, where xis the number of
pounds.
42. g(x) = -3x
a. Write a function g(x) to represent a 10% discount.
43. g(x) = 4(x- 2) Discounting prices by 10% is represented by a dilation of
the function. The decrease in price will be 90% of the
44. g(x) = 0.25(x + 4)
original price.
45. Rachel earns a weekly base salary of $400 plus a g(x) = 0.9p(x)
commission on her sales. Her total weekly pay is = 0.9(2.5x + 5)
described by the function p(x) = 0.25x + 400. How will
b. Find the price of picking 8 pounds of strawberries before
the graph of this function change if her base salary
and after the discount.
increases to $450?
p(8) = 2.5(8) + 5 g(8) = 0.9[2.5(8) + 5]
46. Gabe runs the same number of miles x every weekday. =20+5 = 0.9(25)
The total number of miles he runs in one week is
= $25 = $20
represented by r(x) = [Link] Gabe decides to run 30%
more each day, write a function g(x) to represent the
increase.

3-6 Arithmetic Sequences as Linear Functions

-- -- -~-
Example&
Find the next three terms of each arithmetic sequence.
47. 6, 11, 16, 21, ... 48. 1.4, 1.2, 1.0, .. . Find the next three terms of the arithmetic sequence
10, 23, 36, 49, ....
49. 100, 91, 82, 73, ... 50. 3, 10, 17, 24, .. .
Find the common
51. -14, -10, -6, -2, ... 52. 51, 48, 45, 42, ... difference.

Write an equation for the nth term of each arithmetic 10 23 36 49

~~~
sequence. +13 +13 +13

53. a 1 = 6, d = 5 So, d= 13.

54. 28, 25, 22, 19, ... Add 13 to the last term of the sequence. Continue adding
55. a1 = 12, d = 3 13 until the next three terms are found.

56. 14, 19, 24, 29, ... 49 62 75 88

'-...._,?.'-...._,?.'-...._,?.
+13 +13 +13
57. SCIENCE The table shows the distance traveled by
sound in water. Write an equation for this sequence. The next three terms are 62, 75, and 88.
Then find the time for sound to travel72,300 feet.

2 3 I 4
4820 9640 14,460 I 19280

[Link] 215
 3-7 Piecewise and Step Functions
Graph each function. State the domain and range. Example7
58. f(x) = [x] X+ 5 if X:::;; -1
Graph f(x) ={ .f
2XI X>- 1
. State the domain and range.
59. f(x) = [2x]
Create a table of values for f(x) = x + 5 using values of
x- 2 if x < 1 x:::;; -llf x = -1, f(x) = 4, so place a point at (-1, 4).
60· f(x) ={ 3x if x ::2: 1
Then add values to the table for f(x) = -2x using values
2x- 3 if x:::;; 2 of x > -1. Since xis not equal to -1 in this expression,
61. f(x) = { X + 1if X > 2 place a circle at (-1, -2).

w.
Give the domain and range of each function. [~x) =x+ 51T H{J) ~
2x - 8 if X < 4 { 6 if X < -2 ' lV fl
62. = 63. f{ X= . 7
f(x) {_ _!_X+
2
2 if X> 4
-
) 3x + 6 If X ::2: -2 3 l/ 7.:. [L~x)- = 2xl
4 v 7
-3x - 2 if x < -1 10 if X< 17
0
~ lL I
64. f(x) = { 2x + 3 if x ::2: -1 65. f(x) = { 15 if x ::2: 17 0 ije JO X

2 !/
66. Amy is going snorkeling with her friends. She can rent 2 I 4
snorkeling gear for $4 in 20 minute intervals plus a
$25 insurance fee. How much would it cost to rent the The domain is all real numbers, and the range is all real
gear for 30 minutes? Explain whether Amy would pay numbers.
more to rent the gear for 40 minutes.

3-8 Absolute Value Functions

Graph each function. State the domain and range. ExampleS
67. f(x) =I XI 68. f(x) = l2x - 21 Graph f(x) =I x + 31. State the domain and range.
69. f(x) = Ix + 11 70. f(x) = l2xl
71. f(x) = l3x-11 72. f(x) = Ix + 21 -5 2
Describe how the graph of each function is related to the -4
graph of ~x) = lxl. ~
73. g(x) = lxl- 4 74. g(x) = 3lxl =2T1
2
75. g(x) = -lxl 76. g(x) = lxl + 7
1
77. g(x) = 21xl
The domain is all real numbers, and the range is f(x) ::2: 0.
78. john is jogging on a straight jogging trail toward a
flagpole at a speed of 500ft/min. He is currently 1500
feet from the flagpole. Write an absolute value
function that models John's distance from the
flagpole after x minutes. How many minutes will it
take john to reach the flagpole?

216 I Chapter 3 I Study Guide and Review