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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE-I
DPP-1

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (D) 7. (C)

8. (C) 9. (B)
10. (i) 32 g (ii) 28 g (iii) 46 g (iv) 18 g (v) 17 g (vi) 92 g
(vii) 64 g (viii) 98g (ix) 44 g (x) 180 g (xi) 60 g (xii) 342 g
(xiii) 249.5 g

DPP-2
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (C)
5. (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 2 (iv) 4 (v) 3 × 10–3 (vi) 3 × 10–3
(vii) 0.5 × 10–3 (viii) 0.25 × 10–3
6. (i) 3 (ii) 3 × NA (iii) 3 (iv) 12 (v) 3 (vi) 6
(vii) 3NA, 12NA, 6NA, 3NA (viii) 24NA
7. (i) 0.5 (ii) 1, 0.5, 2 (iii) 0.5NA (iv) NA, NA/2, 2NA (v) 3.5NA
8. (i) 3200 amu, (ii) 1400 × 1.66 × 10–24 g

10 20
9. (i) moles, (ii) 3NA, 9NA, (iii) 6NA
NA

10. (10 × 6.022 × 1023, 8 × 6.022 × 1023, 8 × 6.022 × 1023)

DPP-3

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. 1.99 × 10–14 gm

7. 24 g 8. 3.2 g 9. 180 g 10. 2.5 g

DPP-4

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (C)

8. (i) n = 2, (ii) n = 2.5, (iii) n = 2
9. (iv) P = 50 atm, (v) P = 74.8 Pa, (viii) P = 2500 Pa
10. (vi) T = 1000 K, (vii) V = 2 L
11. (i) 45.4 L, (ii) 5.675 L, (iii) 11.35 L, (iv) 90.8 L
12. (i) 1, (ii) 2, (iii) 2 × 10–3, (iv) 5 × 10–4, (v) 0.1, (vi) 5000
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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

DPP-6

1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. 2270 L

7. 7.5 Moles 8. 24 9. 0.48 10. wc = 24 gm; WCCl4 = 154 gm

DPP-7

1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. 63 %, 37%

7. Al = 60%; Mg = 40% 8. 75 9. 10%

DPP-8

1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. 640.0 6. 441 gm 7. 4

8. 63

DPP-9

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. 35.4527 7. 10

8. 8 9. C9H9O3 10. 3

DPP-10

1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (B)

8. (B)

EXERCISE-II

More Than One Option May Correct

1. (A, C, D) 2. (A, B) 3. (A, B, C) 4. (A, B, C) 5. (A, D) 6. (A, C, D)
7. (A, C, D)
PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS
Comprehension 8 to 9
8. (A) 9. (A)
COMPREHENSION 10 TO 12
10. (C) 11. (A) 12. (A)
MATCHING LIST/MATCH THE COLUMN
13. (A) 14. (A) 15. (A)
ASSERTION REASON
16. (D) 17. (C) 18. (A)

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

NUMERICAL VALUE TYPE QUESTION

19. 1.1458 20. NaHCO3 = 14.9 %; Na2CO3 = 85.1 % 21. 10 : 0.66 : 1
22. 6nCO2+5nH2O→(C6H10O5)n + 6nO2 23. 5% 24. 1.14 gm
25. 12.9 gm 26. 9/10 27. 5.74 gm 28. (5) 29. 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟏𝟑 gram
30. 128

EXERCISE-III

1. (200) 2. (224) 3. (1) 4. (A) 5. (143) 6. (B) 7. (D)

8. (1) 9. (2) 10. (78) 11. (2120 to 2140) 12. (5.00) 13. (A)
14. (B) 15. (A) 16. (C) 17. (D) 18. (D) 19. (D) 20. (B)
21. (A) 22. (A)

EXERCISE-IV

1. (1008) 2. (2) 3. (B) 4. (6.47)

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE-I
DPP-1
INTRODUCTION OF MOLE
6. Mass of 1 electron = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
Mass of 1 mole electron = 9.1 × 10–31 × 6 × 1023 = 54.6 × 10–8 kg/mol

DPP-2
PROBLEMS RELATED WITH INTERCONVERSION OF MOLE,
MASS AND NUMBER
4.25
1. n NH3 = i.e. mole
17
 option (B) is correct.
44
2. n CO2 = = 1 mole
44
 the molecules of CO2 = NA i.e. 6 × 1023.
 correct option is (A)
1.2 10−3
3. nC ⎯→ mole
12

1.2  10−3
 number of carbon atoms =  NA
12
= 6.02 × 1019 atoms
 Correct option is (B).

 11022 
4. n CuSO4 .5H2O = 23  = 1.66 × 10
–2 mole
 6.022  10 
 weight = 1.66 × 10–2 × 249.5 = 4.159 gm
 Correct option is (C)
8. (i) Mass of 200 atoms of 16
8 O in amu → Mass of 1 atom = 16 amu

 Mass of 200 atoms = 16 × 200 amu = 3200 amu

(ii) Mass of 100 atoms of 14
7 N in gm → Mass of 1 atom of 14
7 N in gm = 14×1.66×10–24 gm

 Mass of 100 atom of 14

7 N = 14 × 100 × 1.66 × 10–24gm; i.e. 1400 × 1.66 × 10–24 gm

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

 10 20 
9. (i) Number of moles of Cu atom in 1020 atoms of Cu =   moles
 NA 
 54 
(ii) Number of molecules in 54 gm H2O =   N A  = 3NA
 18 
Number of atoms in 54 gm H2O = (3NA) × 3 = 9NA
 88 
(iii) Number of atoms in 88 gm CO2 =    3N A i.e. 6NA
 44 
10. In 1 mole of 16O–2 ions
Number of Electrons = 10NA i.e. 10 × 6.022 × 1023
Number of Protons = 8NA i.e. 8 × 6.022 × 1023
Number of Neutrons = 8NA i.e. 8 × 6.022 × 1023
DPP-3
PROBLEMS RELATED WITH
INTERCONVERSION OF MOLE, MASS AND NUMBER
1. mass of 1.2 mole ethanol = (1.2 × 46) g
mass 1.2  46
 Volume = = = 69 ml
density 0.8
 Correct option is (C).
2. (A) 1 g - atom of carbon = 12 g
1
(B) mole CH4 = 8 g
2
(C) 10 ml of H2O = 10 g
(D) 3.011 × 1023 atoms of oxygen = 8g
 option (A) is
15 1
3. (A) n C2 H 6 = = mole
30 2
NA
 number of carbon atoms = 2 i.e. NA
2
40.2
(B) n Na 2C2O4 = = 0.3 mole
134
 number of carbon atoms = 0.3 × 2NA = 0.6 NA
72
(C) nglucose = = 0.4
180
 number of carbon atoms = 0.4 × 6NA = 2.4 NA
35
(D) n C5H10 = = 0.5
70
 number of carbon atoms = 0.5 × 5NA = 2.5 NA
 Correct option is (D)

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

54
4. n Al ⎯⎯
→ = 2 mol
27
 mass of same number of magnesium atoms = 48 gm
 Correct option is (C).
5. Ratio of number of molecules of CO2 & N2O
2x 44
=  NA  =2:5
44 5x  N A

 correct option is (B)

6. Mass of 1 atom = 12 amu = 12 × 1.66 × 10−24 gm
Mass of 1 billion atom = 109 × 12 × 1.66 × 10−24 gm
= 1.99 × 10−14 gm
7. Weight of 6.023 × 1023 atoms = 12 gm
12 12.046 1023
 Weight of 12.046 × 1023 atom = = 24 gm
6.023 1023
6 1
8. Mass of O atoms in 6 gm CH3COOH = n CH3COOH = i.e.
60 10
In 1 mole of CH3COOH, mass of O atom = 32 gm
1 32
 Mass of O atom in mole CH3COOH = i.e. 3.2 gm
10 10
499
9. n CuSO4 .5H2O = = 2 mol
249.5
1 mole of CuSO4.5H2O contains 90 gm H2O
 2 mol of CuSO4.5H2O contains (90 × 2) i.e. 180 ;gm H2O.
10. 1 mole of Na2SO4.7H2O contains 11NA'O' atoms
6.023 1022 6.023 1022 1
 6.023 × 1022 atom of 'O' are present in = = mole
11 N A 11 6.022 10 23
110

i.e. 2.5 gm

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

DPP-4
PROBLEMS RELATED WITH PV= NRT
190
2. Pressure = atm , temperature = 273 + 273.15 K
760
Volume = 2.24 m3 = 2.24 × 103 L
PV 1 1
Moles = =  22.4 10 
3

RT 4 0.0821 546
 12.5 moles
Volume of gas (in )
3. At 1 atm and 273 K, number of moles of gas =
22.4
V 10−3
 For vapour, no. of moles =
22.4
V 10−3 W
According to question, =
22.4 M
W
M=  22.4  103 gm.
V
4. Molar mass of SOx = 32 + 16x
80
 Number of moles of SOx =
32 + 16x
Putting in equation PV = nRT
80
 2 15 =  .08  300
32 + 16x
 16x + 32 = 64
 x=2
PV
5. n=
RT
100 103 16.628 10 −3
= 0.67
8.314  300
6. By Avogadro's Hypothesis,
for gas A, [Link] = nA· RT
for gas B, [Link] = nB· RT
If nA = nB
 vA = vB
 Correction option is (B).
7. Ratio of number of atoms = 2 : 1 : 2 : 3
 Correct option is (C).

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

DPP-5
BALANCING OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1. 2C + O2 ⎯→ 2CO
2. 2H2 + O2 ⎯→ 2H2O
3. 4P + 5O2 ⎯→ 2P2O5
4. S8 + 12O2 ⎯→ 8SO3
5. C3H8 + 5O2 ⎯→ 3CO2 + 4H2O
7
6. C2H6 + O2 ⎯→ 2CO2 + 3H2O
2
 y y
7. CxHy +  x +  O2 ⎯→ xCO2 + H2O
 4 2

8. PCl5 + 4H2O ⎯→ H3PO4 + 5HCl

9. 2NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
10. 2KOH + H2CO3 ⎯→ K2CO3 + 2H2O
11. 3Ba(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 ⎯→ Ba3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
12. Pb(OH)4 + 2Cu2O ⎯→ PbO2 + 4CuOH
13. 3ZnS + 2AlP ⎯→ Zn3P2 + Al2S3
14. CaSiO3 + 6HF ⎯→ SiF4 + CaF2 + 3H2O
15. Ca(ClO3)2 + Na2SO4 ⎯→ CaSO4 + 2NaClO3
16. 4FeS2 + 11O2 → 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
17. P4S3 + 8O2 ⎯→ P4O10 + 3SO2
18. 4BCl3 + P4 + 6H2 ⎯→ 4BP + 12HCl
19. 6Cl2 + 6Ca(OH)2 ⎯→ Ca(ClO3)2 + 5CaCl2 + 6H2O
20. 2KMnO4 + 16HCl ⎯→ 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 8H2O + Cl2

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

DPP-6
PROBLEMS RELATED WITH LIMITING REACTANT
1. 2P + Q ⎯→ R
8 mol (Excess) 0
0 4
 Correct option is (C).
2. 4 Al + 3O2 ⎯→ 2Al2O3
(Excess) 1.5 0
0 1
 weight of Al 54 gm.
3. 3Mg + 2NH3 ⎯→ Mg3N2 + 3H2
48 34
Mole :
24 17
=2 =2
 Mg is L. R.
2 200
 mass of Mg3N2 produced is  (100 ) g = g
3 3
 Correct option is (A)
4. P4S3 + 8O2 ⎯→ P4O10 + 3SO2
440 384
Mole :
220 32
=2 = 12
 O2 is L.R
(12  284)
 mass of P4O10 produced = g = 426 gm.
8
 Correct option is (B).
11
5. 12C + 11 H2 + O2 ⎯→ C12 H22 O11
2
84 12 56
Mole :
12 2 22.4
= 7 6 2.5
 O2 is L.R.
2 
 Mass of sucrose produced =   2.5   342 g = 155.5 g
 11 
 Correct option is (B).
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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

6. C + O2 ⎯→ CO2
1.2  103
nC → i.e. 100 mol.
12
Mole of O2 needed for 1 mole C = 1 mole
 Mole of O2 needed for 100 mole C = 100 mol
 Volume of O2 needed = 100 × 22.7 = 2270 lit.
15
7. C5H12O + O2 ⎯→ 5CO2 + 6H2O
2
 Moles of O2 required to burn 1 mole of this compound completely is 7.5 moles.
8. Al4C3 + 12H2O ⎯→ 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3
11.35 1
n CH4 = = mole
22.70 2
3 mole CH4 is produced from 1 mole Al4C3.

mole CH4 is produced from 1 mole    mole Al4C3

1 1 1

2 3 2
1 1
i.e. mole Al4C3 or 144
6 6
i.e. 24 gm Al4C3
9. 4A + 2B + 3C ⎯→ A4 B2 C3
Moles 2 1.2 1.44
moles 2 1.2 1.44
→
S.C 4 1 3
 C is L.R
1.44
 moles of product formed = = 0.48 moles.
3
10. C + 2Cl2 ⎯→ CCl4
36 142
moles→
12 71
i.e. 3 2
moles
→3 1
S.C
 Cl2 is L.R.
(i) Mass of CCl4 produced = 1 × 154 i.e. 154 gm
(ii) Remaining mass of reactants = (3 – 1) × 12 = 24 gm

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

DPP-7
PROBLEMS RELATED WITH MIXTURE, % YIELD
1. C4H8 + O2 ⎯→ 4CO2 + 4H2O
Given, 3 mol 3 × 4 =12 mol produced
15
C6H6 + O 2 ⎯→ 6 CO2 + 3H2O
2
Given, 3 mol 6 × 3=18 mol produced
Total moles of CO2 produced = 18 + 12 = 30
Total mass of CO2 produced = 30 × 44 = 1320 gm
2. Weight of mixture of MgO and MgCO3 =12.46 gm
On heating due to this reaction
MgCO3 (s) ⎯→ MgO(s) + CO2 (g)
CO2 (g) releases in atmosphere
 Mass of mixture decreases
4.4
Number of moles of CO2 = = 0.1 mol.
44
1
 Number of moles of MgCO3 =  0.1 = 0.1 mol.
1
Mass of MgCO3 = 0.1 × 84 = 8.4 gm
Mass of MgO in initial mixture = 12.46 – 8.4 = 4.06
4.06
Mass % of Mg O in initial mixture = 100 = 32.58
12.46
5.4
3. Moles of Aluminium = = 0.2 mole
27
12.8
Moles of Sulphur = = 0.4 mole
32
2Al + 3S ⎯⎯→ Al2S3
Moles 0.2 0.4
Moles 0.2 0.4
[Link]. 2 3
Since, Al is limiting reagent
1
 Number of moles of Al2S3 produced theoretically =  0.2
2
Actual number of moles
% yield = 100
Theoretical number of moles
12
Actual moles of Al2S3 produced =
150
12 1
 % yield =  100 = 80%
150 0.1

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

80
4. Overall percentage yield = 90 × = 72 %
100
32
5. Theoretical yield of N2H4 = 1000 = 621.36 g
51.5
Hence, the percentage yield
473
= 100 = 76.12%
621.36
6. NaCl ⎯→ x Let NaCl be x gm & NaHCO3 be (4 – x) gm
2NaHCO3 ⎯→ Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
4−x
Mole→ 0 0 0
84
(4 − x)
-
84  2
Now, According to question
(4 − x)
44  = 0.66
84  2
0.66  84
 (4 – x) =
22 100
 x = 1.48 gm & Weight of NaHCO3 = 2.52 gm
1.48
 % by mass of NaCl → 100 = 37 %
4
& % by mass of NaHCO3 is 63%
7. 2Al + 6HCl ⎯→ 2AlCl3 + 3H2
x
Moles (excess)
27

moles of H2 obtained =   
3 x
 .....(1)
 2 27 
mg + 2HCl ⎯→ MgCl2 + H2
(1 − x)
Moles→ (excess)
24
 1− x 
 moles of H2 obtained =   .....(2)
 24 
 3x 1 − x 
 Total moles of H2 obtained =  +  .....(3)
 54 24 
Now,
1.12
 n H2 = i.e. 0.05 .....(4)
22.4

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

Now, equation (3) & (4)

3x 1 − x
+ = 0.05
54 24
12x + 9 − 9x
 = 0.05
216
1.8
m = 10.8 – 9 = = 60%
3
3x + 9 = 10.8
 3x = 1.8  x = 0.6
 % by mass Al ⎯→ 60% & % by mass mg ⎯→ 40%
8. C6H12O ⎯⎯⎯⎯
cons.H2SO4
→ C6H10 + H2O

 1 mole C6H12O will produces 1 mole C6H10. If yield is 100%.

 moles of C6H10 produced = 0.75
 % yield = 75%
9. CaCO3 ⎯→ CaO + CO2
11.35 1
n CO2 = → mole
22.70 2
n CaCO3 ⎯→ 2 mole

 1 mole CaCO3 produces 1 mole CO2

 2 mole CaCO3 produces 2 mole CO2
1
But produced mole is mole
2
 20 
 % of Ca in lime stone sample =   100  i.e. 10%
 200 

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

DPP-8
PROBLEMS RELATED WITH
SEQUENTIAL AND PARALLEL REACTION
1. NaI + AgNO3 ⎯→ AgI + NaNO3.
2AgI + Fe ⎯→ FeI2 + 2Ag
2FeI2 + 3Cl2 ⎯→ 2FeCl3 + 2I2.
n I2 = (1 × 103)
mole of AgNO3 mole of AgI
= .....(1)
1 1
mole of AgI moleof FeI2
= .....(2)
2 1
moleof FeI2 mole of I2
= .....(3)
2 2
From (1), (2) & (3)
mole of Ag I
 Mole of I2 = mole of FeI2 =
2
mole of AgNO3
=
2
wt of AgNO3
 103 =
170  2
 wt. of AgNO3 = 340 kg
 Correct option is (A)
2. Let CaCl2 be x g & NaCl be (10 – x) g
CaCl2 ⎯→ CaCO3 ⎯→ CaO
x x x
Moles
111 111 111
1.62
moles of CaO ⎯→
56
1.62
 moles of CaCl2 =
56
1.62 x
 =
56 111
1111.62
x=
56
 x = 3.21
3.21
 % by mass of CaCl2 = 100 = 32.1 %
10
 Correct option is (A)

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

3. Since sodium and carbon are present in excess.

 Other reactants of all 3 reactions get completely converted into products.
 All 3 reactions can be added & converted into a single reaction.
2Na + 2NH3 ⎯→ 2NaNH2 + H2 (g)
2NaNH2 + C ⎯→ Na2CN2 + 2H2 (g)
Na2CN2 + C ⎯→ 2NaCN
2Na + 2NH3 + 2C ⎯→ 2NaCN + 3H2 (g)
Excess Excess
51
Moles of NH3 = =3
17
3 9
Number of moles of H2 produced from NH3 =  3 = mol.
2 2
9
 0.821 273
Using PV = nRT, Vol. = 2
0.5
= 201. 6 

4. I2 + 2Cl2 ⎯→ ICl + ICl3

25.4 14.2
Mole:
254 71
= 0.1 0.2
No. L. R
 moles of ICl produced = 0.1
& moles of ICl3 produced = 0.1
 Correct option is (A)
5. S8 + 8O2 ⎯→ 8SO2
2SO2 + O2 ⎯→ 2SO3
1 mole S8 = 8 mole SO2 .....(1)
 2 mole SO2 = 2 mole SO3
i.e. 8 mole SO2 = 8 mole SO3 .....(2)
From (1) & (2)
SO3 obtained from 1 mol of S8 = (8 × 80)g SO3 i.e. 640g SO3
6. 2Pbs + 3O2 ⎯→ 2PbO + 2SO2
3SO2 + 2HNO3 + 2H2O ⎯→ 3H2SO4 + 2NO
1075.5
nPbs = = 4.49
239.2

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

2 mole Pbs = 2 mole SO2 .....(1)

3 mole SO2 = 3 mole H2SO4
 2 mole SO2 = 2 mole H2SO4 .....(3)
From (1) & (3)
1 mole Pbs = 1 mole H2SO4
 4.49 mole Pbs = 4.49 mole H2SO4 or 4.50 mole H2SO4
 mass of H2SO4 = (4.50 × 98) = 441 gm
180
7. Moles of A = = 9 mol.
20
180
Moles of B = = 6 mol.
30
200
Moles of C = = 20 mol.
10
2A + 3B + 5C ⎯→ A2BC2 + B2C3
Moles 9 6 20
Moles 9 6 20
[Link] . 2 3 5

B is limiting Reagent
1
 Moles of B2C3 produced = 6 = 2
3
5
Consumed Moles of C =  6 = 10
3
 Remaining moles of C = 20 – 10 = 10
2
Consumed moles of A = 6 = 4
3
Remaining moles of A = 9 – 4 = 5
Now for the 2nd Reaction,
B2C3 + 3C ⎯→ 2BC3
Moles 2 10
Moles 2 10
[Link] 1 3
B2C3 is limiting Reagent
2
 Number of moles of BC3 produced = 2 = 4
1

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

Now for the 3rd Reaction,

BC3 + A ⎯→ ABC3
Moles 4 5
Moles 4 5
[Link] 1 1
BC3 is limiting Reagent
1
 Number of moles of ABC3 produced =  4 = 4
1
8. 2P4 + 8O2 ⎯→ P4O6 + P4O10
31 32
Mole :
124 32
1
= 1
4
No. L. R
1 1
 Weights of P4O6 produced =   220 = 27.5 g
2 4
1
& weight of P4O10 produced =  284 = 35.5 g
8

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

DPP-9
PROBLEMS RELATED WITH
% by MOLE, % by MASS and Mavg
Total mass
1. Average molecular mass =
Total moles
Let total moles of mixture = 100
Moles of N2 = 80
Moles of Oxygen = 20
Total mass of mixture = mass of nitrogen + mass of oxygen
 80 × 28 + 20 × 32 = 2880 gm
2880
Avg. molecular mass of mixture = = 28.8
100
2. Let % of NO2 be x
NO % of number be (100 – x)
x  46 + (100 − x)  30
 34 =  x = 25 %
100
 Correct option is (A)
80 − 56 6
3. = =
3  7
 − 1
2 
4. Mass percent of oxygen
= 100 – (40 + 6.67) = 53.33
Now,
40 6.67 53.33
NC : NH : NO = : : = 1: 2 :1
12 1 16
 Empirical formula = CH2O
5. Mass per cent of hydrogen
2 1.8 100
=  100 =
18 1.4 7
and mass per cent of carbon
100 600
= 100 − =
7 7
Now, atomic ratio of C and H
600 / 7 100 / 7
= : = 1: 2
12 1
Hence, the empirical formula =CH2

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

75.77  34.9689 + 24.23  36.9659

6. mass of chlorine =
100
2649.59355 + 895.683757
= = 35.4527
100
79  24 + (21 − x)  25 + x  26
7. 24.31 =
100
 2431 = 1896 + 525 – 25x + 26x
 x = 10
8. Mass mole simplest ratio
9 3 3 1
C 9 =  =3
12 4 4 4
1 1
H 1 =1 1 =4
1 4
3.5 1 1 1
N 3.5 =  =1
14 4 4 4
 Empirical formula is C3H4N
Empirical formula mass is 54
Given:
216
Molecular mass = 216 n= =4
54
 Molecular formula is C12H16N4
 Total number of atoms present in
1 molecule of compound = x = (12 + 16 + 4)
 x = 32
x
=8
4
9. Molecular mass of the compound
1
=  165
6.06 10−3
Empirical formula mass = 3 × 12 + 3 × 1 + 1 × 16 = 55
165
Now, n = = 3 and hence the molecular
55
formula = (C3H3O)3= C9H9O3

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

88
10. Number of moles of CO2 = = 2mol
44
36
Number of moles of H2O = = 2mol
18
Mass of carbon = 2 × 12 = 24 gm
Number of moles of H = 4 mol
Mass of Hydrogen = 4 × 1 = 4
Mass of oxygen = 60 – 28 = 32
32
Number of moles of oxygen = =2
16
Molecular formula = C2H4O2
Empirical formula = CH2O
The value of (x + y) is = 1 + 2 = 3

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

DPP-10
MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEM
1. New molecular mass of H2O
= 2 × 0.5 + 1 × 20 = 21
Percentage increase in molecular mass of H2O
21 − 18
= 100 = 16.67%
18
2. C2H4O2 + 2O2 ⎯→ 2CO2 + 2H2O.
1 mole C2H4O2 & 2 mole O2 produces 2 mole CO2
i.e. 124 g mixture produces 88 gm CO2
88
 620g mixture will produces  620 = 440 gm
124
 Correct option is (C)
3. Let the molecule be AxBy
XNA + MY 
Molecular weight of compounds formed =  
 5 
 Correct option is (A).
4. 5A2 + 2B4 ⎯→ 2AB2 + 4A2B.
5 mole A2 produce 2 mole AB2
 (2 × 250)g AB2 is produced from 100g A2
 100 
 1000g AB2 is produced from    1000g of A2
 2  250 
= 200 g of A2
Also, 2 mole AB2 is produced from 2 mole B4
 (2 × 250)g AB2 is produced from (2 × 120 × 4) g of B4
 2  120  4 
 1000 g AB2 is produced from    1000 = 1920 gm.
 2  250 
 Minimum mass of mixture of A2 & B2 is (1920 + 200)
i.e. 2120 gm
 Correct option is (A)
5. mass of substance = 0.42 gm.
100
Volume of N2 = ml
11
Temperature = 250 K
Pressure = 860 – 24 = 836 mm Hg

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

Step (1)
P1V1 T2
Volume of N2 at S.T.P. i.e. V2 = 
T1 P2

836 100  273

 V2 =  V2 = 10.92 ml
760 11 250
Step (2)
28 10.92 10
% of N2 in organic compound = 100 = %
22700  0.42 3
 Correct option is (A)
6. For Alkali metal carbonate
M2CO3 + HCl ⎯→ MCl + CO2 + H2O
(Excess)
For Alkaline Earth metal carbonate
MCO3 + HCl ⎯⎯ → MCl2 + CO2 + H 2O

112.315
n CO2 = = 0.5 mole
0.0821 300
Li2CO3 + 2HCl ⎯→ 2LiCl + CO2 + H2O
1 mole CO2 is produced from 1 mole Li2CO3
 0.5 mole CO2 is produced from .5 mole Li2CO3 OR = .5 × (74)
= 37 gm. of Li2CO3 & mass of impurity = 3 gm
 Correct option is (B)
7. C7H8 + 3HNO3 ⎯→ C7H5N3O6 + 3H2O
As, C7H8 & HNO3 reacts in 1 : 3 ratio
 x × 92 + 3x × 62 = 140.5  x = 0.5
 Maximum weight of C7H5N3O6 which can be produced is 0.5 × 227 i.e 113.5 gm
Correct option is (B).
8. Method-1
Let the compound be CxHyOz
Now, weight % of C = 8 × (weight % of H)
x 2
 =
y 3
1
Also, weight % of C = × (weight % of O)
2
x 
 =
z 3
 The correct option is (B)

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

Method-2
Ag2A ⎯→ Ag
P.O. A.C. on Ag
1 0.5934
2 = 1
216 + M A 108
 MA → 148
 molar mass of Acid = 150
C H O
weight % 8 1 16
mole % 2 3 3
 Empirical formula = C2H3O3
n=2  molecular formula is C4H6O6
 Correct option is (B)

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

EXERCISE-II
MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY CORRECT
2.6 103
1. Moles of FeSO4  6H2O in 2.6 kg = = 10
260
Number of atoms of oxygen are = 10 × 10× NA = 100 NA
Number of atoms of hydrogen are = 12 × 10× NA = 120 NA
Number of molecules of water are = 6 × 10 × NA = 60 NA
Moles of electrons present in SO 24− = [ 32 + 16 + 2] × 10 = 500
2. For (NH4)3PO4:
4
Ratio of number of O atoms to number of H atoms = i.e. (1 : 3)
12
Ratio of number of cations to number of anions = 3 : 1
3
Number of gm-atoms of nitrogen to atoms of oxygen =
4
Total number of atoms in 1 mole of (NH4)3 PO4 = 20NA
 Correct options are (A), (B)
3. (A) According to law of conservation of mass, a balanced chemical equation has the same
number of atoms of each element on both sides of equation
(B) In a chemical reaction, reactants combine in a fixed moles ratio & ∴ fixed mass ratio.
(C) For a fixed amount of reactants, maximum mass of products can be formed when reactants
react in stoichiometric ratio.
(D) Limiting Reagent get completely consumed in the reaction.
4. 3 CaCO3 + 2H3PO4 ⎯→ Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2O + 3CO2
50 68.6
moles : = 0.5 = 0.7  CaCO3 is L.R.
100 98
1 
Amount of salt formed =   0.5  310  = 35.93 gm
3 
n CO2 = 0.5
 Correct option are (A), (B), (C)
5. A + N ⎯⎯ → B+L
I

4 4
1 1
A + N ⎯⎯ → B + (C) + L
II

2 2
4 2 2
 B will always be greater than C & If 2 moles of C are formed the total 6 mole of B are also
formed
 Correct option are (A), (D)

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

6. 4Ag + 8KCN + O2 + 2H2O ⎯→ 4K [Ag (CN)2] + 4 KOH

 4 × 108g of Ag reacts with 8 × 65g of KCN
8  65
100g of Ag reacts with 100
4 108
Hence statement A is correct
 4 × 108g of Ag require 32 gm of O2
32
 100g of Ag require = 100 = 7.40 gm
4 108
Hence option (C) is correct.
7.4
Volume of O2 required =  22.4 = 5.20 liters
32
5
7. 2NH3 + O2 ⎯→ 2NO + 3H2O.
2
2NO + O2 ⎯→ 2NO2
2NO2 + H2O ⎯→ HNO3 + HNO2
3HNO2 ⎯→ HNO3 + NO + H2O
(A) Moles of HNO3 produced is help of moles of Ammonia used if HNO2 is not used to
produce HNO3 by reaction (IV) .
(B) Incorrect
1
(C) th of total HNO3 is produced by reaction (IV) if HNO2 is used to produce HNO3.
4
(D) Moles of number produced in reaction (IV) is 50% of moles of total HNO3 produced.

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS

COMPREHENSION 8 TO 9

8. Ca2B6O11 + 2Na2CO3 ⎯→ 2CaCO3 + Na2B4O7 + 2NaBO2

 3 102 100   3 102 
    100 100   100  100
 200 32.2 60   200 32.2 
Na2B4O7 ⎯→ 2NaBO2 + B2O3
 3 102   10 2 
 100   100     100
 200 32.2   32.2 
COO + B2O3 ⎯→ CO(BO2)2
 10 2 
   100 102
 32.2 
14.5 103
nCO(BO2 )2 = = 102 moles
1450
 mass of Ca2B6O11 required = 102 × (80 + 66 + 176) = 322 × 102g = 32.2 kg
 correct option is (A)
108 108
9. mass of Ca2B6O11 obtained =  3220 = g
200  32.2  60 400
106 1000
= kg = kg = 250 kg
4 103
4
 correct option is (A)
COMPREHENSION 10 TO 12
 
10. UF6 + H2O ⎯→ Ux Oy Fz +  H 5 F95  or (HF)
 5 19 
(a) The empirical formula of gas is HF
 Correct option is (C)
 
11. UF6 + H2O ⎯→ Ux Oy Fz +  H 5 F95  or (HF)
 5 19 
(b) Mass of H2O = 3.88 –3.52 = 0.36 gm
 moles of H2O = 0.2
 UF6 + 2H2O ⎯→ U1O2F2 + 4HF
 Empirical formula of solid is UF2O2
 Correct option is (A)

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

 
12. UF6 + H2O ⎯→ Ux Oy Fz +  H 5 F95  or (HF)
 5 19 
(c) 1 mole UF6 gives 4 more HF
 % of fluorine converted in gaseous product
114 − 76 
= 100 –   100 = 66.66 %
 114 
 Correct option is (C)
MATCHING LIST/MATCH THE COLUMN
13. (P) Molecules of Al2(SO4)3. 3H2O = 6.022
Number of moles of Al2(SO4)3. 3H2O × 1024
6.022 1024
= = 10
6.022 1023
Number of moles of O atoms = 10 × 50
= 150
(Q) Mass of C6H12O6 = 90
90 1
Moles of C6H12O6 = =
180 2
1
Moles of O = 6 = 3
2
(R) Volume of SO3 at 1 atm & 273 K = 112 l
112
Moles of SO3 = = 5 mol
22.4
Moles of O = 5 × 3 = 15
(S) Mass of N2O5 = 54 gm
54 1
Moles of N2O5 = =
108 2
1
Moles of O =  5 = 2.5 .
2
molecular mass = 216
14. 2H2 + O2 ⎯→ 2H2O
1 1
moles:  O2 is L.R.
2 32
1
 mass of H2O produced =  2 18 = 1.125 g
32
3H2 + N2 ⎯→ 2NH3
1 1
moles:  H2 is L.R.
2 28

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

1
 mass of NH3 produced =  2 17 = 1.214 g
28
H2 + Cl2 ⎯→ 2HCl
1 1
moles:  Cl2 is L.R
2 71
1
 mass of HCl produced = 2 × 36.5 × = 10028 g
71
2H2 + C ⎯→ CH4
1 1
moles:  C is L. R.
2 12
1
 Mass of CH4 produced = 16 = 1.333g
12
Correct option is (A)
15. (A) (A→P)
1 mole N–3
7 + 3 = 10 e– in 1 N–3 ion.
10 mole of e– in 1 mole N–3 ion.
No. of moles of proton in 1 mol N–3 =7

(B) (B→P, Q)1 mole O–2

8 + 2 = 10 e– in 1 O–2 ion.
10 mole of e– in 1 mole O–2 ion.
8 mole protons in 1 mole O–2 ion.

(C) (C → P,R,S,T)
1 mole CH4
No. of e– in C = 6
No. of e– in H = 1
Total no. of e– in CH4 = 10 mole e– in 1 mole CH4
Total no. of protons = 10 mole proton in 1 mole CH4
Number of molecules = 6.023 ×1023 molecules
Number of moles of atoms = 5
(D) 1 mole H2O
No. of moles of e– in 1 mole O = 8
No. of moles of e– in 1 mol H = 1
Total no. of moles of e– in 1 mol H2O = 10
Total no. of molecules of H2O = 6.023×1023 molecules
Total no. of protons = 10 mol proton per mole of H2O.

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

ASSERTION REASON
16. Mass is conserved. Moles may or may not change.
17. In the given reaction, the total moles of gases is constant during the reaction.
18. Same mass, same element and hence, same number of atoms

NUMERICAL VALUE TYPE QUESTION

19. P4 S3 + 8O2 ⎯→ P2O10 + 3SO2
 1 1 1 1
mole:   
 64 3  284 64
1
 mass of P4S3 required =  220 = 1.1458 gm
64  3

20. Na2CO3 ⎯⎯ →x Let mass of Na2CO3 be x gm 2 mass of NaHCO3 be (2–x) gm

2Na(HCO3) ⎯⎯ → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
2−x 1.89 − x
mole→
84 406
moles of NaHCO3 moles of Na 2CO3
Now, =
2 1
(2 − x) 1.89 − x
=
84  2 106
 212 – 106x = 84 × 2 (1.89 – x)
 212 – 106x = 317.52 – 168 x
 168x – 106x = 317.52 – 212
 62x = 105.52
105.52
 x= = 1.70 g
62
1.70
% by mass of Na2CO3 = 100 = 85.1 %
2
% by mass of NaHCO3 = 14.9%
21. N : P2O5 : K 2O
30 10 10
mole: : :
14 142 94
For N : P : K
30 10 10
mole: : :
14 71 47
Simplest: 10 : 0.66 : 1
ratio

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

22. 6nCO2+5nH2O→(C6H10O5)n + 6nO2

6n mole I62n g 6n
6n
 0.81  0.81g
162n
=0.03 mole
0.03
Required time = 6 hours
5 10−3
23. Mass of nickel in NiC8H14O4N4
58.7
=  0.2887 = 0.0587
288.7
 Percentage of nickel in steel
0.0587
= 100 = 5%
1.174
24. NaH2PO4 + NH4+ + Mg+2 ⎯→ Mg(NH4) PO4.6H2O

Mg2P2O7
Applying P.O.A.C on 'P' atom
1 × n NaH2PO4 = 2 × n Mg2P2O7

weight 1.054
1× = 2
120 222
2 1.054 120
Weight of NaH2PO4 = = 1.14 gm
222
mole of HCl mole of Cl2
25. =
16 5
mole of Cl2 mole of Ca(ClO3 )2
=
6 1
mole of Ca(ClO3 )2 mole of NaClO3
=
1 2
Also, moles of HCl in 100 ml = 1.164
 5 1.164  2 
 moles of NaClO3 =  
 16  6 
 5 1.164  2 
 mass of NaClO3 produced =   106.5 = 12.9 g
 16  6 

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

 1120 V 
  NA   2
N D  22400  9
26. = =
N Pd  V 11.8  10
  NA 
 106.2 
27. [Cr(H2O)5Cl].Cl2. H2O + 2AgNO3(aq.) ⎯→ 2AgCl  + [Cr(H2O)5Cl](NO3)2

0.02 mol 0.04 mol

Cr(H2O)5 Cl.Cl2 .H2O + AgNO3 ⎯⎯
→ 2AgCl + cr(H2O)5 Cl.(NO3 )2
(excess)

moles of Cr(H2O)5 Cl·Cl2·H2O is

5.33
i.e. 0.02 moles
266.5
 moles of AgCl obtained = 2 × 0.02 = 0.04 mole
mass of AgCl obtained = 0.04 × 143.5 = 5.74 gm
3
28. Moles of AO =
40
2.5
Moles of AxBy =
24x + 14y

AxBy ⎯→ xAO
2.5
24x + 14y
x 2.5
Moles of AO = 
1 24x + 14y
3 2.5x x 42 3
=  72x + 42 y = 100x  28x = 42 y  = =
40 24x + 14y y 28 2

Empirical formula is A3B2.

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

EXERCISE-III
(JEE MAIN PYQS)
1. Let M is the molar mass of the compound (g/mol)
mass of compound = 0.01 M gm
60
mass of carbon = 0.01 M × 100
0.01𝑀 60
moles of carbon = × 100
12
4.4
moles of CO2 from combustion = 44 = moles of carbon
0.01𝑀 60 4.4
× 100 =
12 44
4.4 100 12
𝑀= × × 0.01= 200gm / mol
44 60
2. Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 ↑
w = 2.4 g
2.4
N= = 0.1 mole
24
1 mole of gas at STP ⇒ 22.4 lit.
∴ 0.1 mole of gas = 0.1 × 22.4
= 2.24 lit. = 224 × 10−2 litre
3. 3BaCl2 + 2Na3 PO4 → Ba3 (PO4 )2 + 6NaCl
5 2
Na3 PO4 is limiting reagent. 2 moleNa3 PO4 gives 1 mole of Ba3 (PO4 )2
4. Molecular. weight of metal chloride
0.57
= × 22700 = 129.39
100
weight of Cl = 129.39 × 0.55 = 71.1645
71.1645
∴ Mole of Cl = ≅2
35.5
Hence MCl2
5. CH4 + 2O2⎯ CO2 + 2H2O
100 208
Mole 16 32
= 6.25 = 6.5
Mole 6.25 6.5
= 3.25
[Link] 1 2
So, O2 is limiting reagent
Mole – Mole analysis
nO2 nCO2
=
2 1
6.5
= nCO2
2
6.5
Mass of CO2 = × 44= 143 gm
2

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

7.5
6. %H = 116 × 100 = 6.5
60
%O = 116 × 100 = 51.7
48.5
%C = 116 × 100 = 41.8
Relative atomicities = H  6.5
51.7
O = 3.25
16
41.8
C = 3.5
12

Empirical formula is approx.. CH2O

(A) C2H4O2 (B) CH2O relate to this formula.
7. C(S) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + 400 kJ
1 g mole
1
C(s) + O2(g) → CO(g) + 100 kJ …(II)
2
0.6 × 1000
= 600 gm
60
600  (Pure carbon)
100
360
= 360gm = = 30 mole (pure carbon)
12

Carbon converted into CO2 =  30 − 30 

60 

 100 
=12 mole
60
and carbon converted in CO = 30  = 18 mole
100
Energy generated during II equation
= 18 × 100
= 1800 kJ
Energy generated during Ist reaction.
= 12 × 400 = 4800
Total = 1800 + 4800 = 6600 kJ
9. MCl3.2L octahedral
Ex.AgNO3
MCl3 ⋅ 2L → 1moleofAgCl
1mole

Its means that one Cl– ion present in ionization sphere.

 formula = [MCl2L2]Cl
For octahedral complex coordination no. is 6
 L act as bidentate ligand.
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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

1×492
11. Mole of O2 = 300×0.08 = 20
NaClO3 + Fe ⎯ O2 + NaCl + FeO
Moles of O2 = moles of NaClO3 = 20
mass of NaClO3 = 20 × 106.5 = 2130 g
12. C:H=4:1
C:O=3:4
Mass ratio
C : H : O = 12 : 3 : 16
Mole ratio
C:H:O=1:3:1
Empirical formula = CH3O
Molecular formula = C2H6O2
(saturated acyclic organic compound)
5
C2H6O2 + O2 ⎯⎯
→ 2CO2 + 3H2O
2
2 mole 5 mol
Moles of O2 required = 5 moles
13. Let molar mass of A be x
& molar mass of B be y
5(x + 2y) = 125 ...(1)
10(2x + 2y) = 300 ...(2)
Solving (1) & (2), we get
x = 5 & y = 10
 MA = 5 × 10–3 kg mol–1 & MB= 10 × 10–3 kg mol–1
 N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⎯ 2NH3
For completion of reaction N2 and H2 must be taken in 1 : 3 molar ratio
N2 : H2 N2 : H2
28 6
(1) = 12 = 3 1 : 3 NO LR
12
56 10
(2) =2 =5 2 : 5 So, H2 is LR
28 2
15. Element C : H
Mass ratio 6 : 1
Mole ratio 1 : 2
So, empirical formula : CH2
3
For burning 1 mole CH2 unit ; oxygen required is 2 mole
 Empirical formula is (CH2O3/2) i.e. C2H4O3
 Correct option is (A)

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

16. 100 kg ⎯ (10kg1 H)


(20kg2 H)
 W = 10 kg
 weight gain is 10% of 75 kg i.e. 7.5 kg
 Correct option is (C)
17. 2C8H7SO3Na + Ca+2 ⎯ Ca (C8H7SO3)2 + 2Na+
1
mole : 206
1
 maximum uptake of Ca+2 ions = 412

 Correct option is (D).

18. 0 N
ratio of masses ⎯ 1 : 4
1 4
ratio of mole ⎯ :
16 14
𝑁𝐴 4𝑁𝐴
ratio of molecules ⎯ :
16 14

 Ratio of number of molecules = 7 : 32

 Correct option is (D)
y y
19. CxHy + (x + 4) O2 ⎯ xCO2 + 2 H2 O
3.08
nCO2 = 
44
.72
n H2 O = 0.04
18

 C : H = 0.07 : 0.04 = 7 : 8
 The empirical formula of compounds is (C7H8)
 Correct option is (D)
20. V.D = 94.8  molar mass = 2 × 94.8 = 189.6 gm
 mass of chlorine = 74.75% of 189.6 = 141.726 gm
141.726
 mole of Cl = =4
35.5

 Formed of metal chloride will be MCl4.

 Correct option is (B)
21. 8 mole oxygen atom is present in 1 mole Mg3(PO4)2
1
 0.25 mole oxygen atom is present in (8 × .25) = 3.125 × 10–2 mole.

 Correct option is (A)

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MOLE CONCEPT (Physical Chemistry)

EXERCISE – IV
(JEE-ADVANCED PYQS)
1. 6CaO + P4O10 ⎯ 2Ca3(PO4)2
852
nP4O10 ⎯ 284 = 3 mole

1 mole P4O10 reacts with 6 mole CaO

 3 mole P4O10 reacts with 18 mole CaO or 18 × 56 CaO
i.e. 1008g CaO.
54×5+56×90+57×5
3. Atomic mass of Fe = = 55.95
100

 Correct option is (B)

4. 2PbS + 3O2 ⟶ 2PbO + 2SO2
2PbO + PbS ⟶ 3 Pb + SO2

3PbS + 3O2 ⟶ 3 Pb + 3SO2

32 kg207 kg
207
1 kg ⟶ = 6.47 kg
32

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