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Calculus Problems: Derivatives & Curves

The document outlines an activity for Differential and Integral Calculus, requiring students to solve various problems related to derivatives, tangent and normal lines, and curve analysis. It includes tasks such as finding the derivative of given functions, determining equations of tangent and normal lines at a specific point, and identifying maximum, minimum, and inflection points of a cubic function. Students are instructed to show their work on bond paper and submit their solutions in a specified format.

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Henrick Viloria
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views1 page

Calculus Problems: Derivatives & Curves

The document outlines an activity for Differential and Integral Calculus, requiring students to solve various problems related to derivatives, tangent and normal lines, and curve analysis. It includes tasks such as finding the derivative of given functions, determining equations of tangent and normal lines at a specific point, and identifying maximum, minimum, and inflection points of a cubic function. Students are instructed to show their work on bond paper and submit their solutions in a specified format.

Uploaded by

Henrick Viloria
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Differential and Integral Calculus

Activity 2
Name: ___________________ Section:____________ Score:______

Show all necessary solutions to the following problems on bond papers. Take a picture and
submit as a pdf or jpeg file.
𝑑𝑦
A. Find in simplest form in each of the following.
𝑑𝑥
5
1. y
x 3  4x 2  7x  5
2. y  ( x 2  5) 3x  4
(2 x  3)2
3. y 
x2  1
4. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑥 = 3

B. Find the equations of the tangent line and normal line to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 1 at the
point (0, 1). Draw the curve, the tangent line, and the normal line.

C. Find the maximum, minimum, and inflection points, then trace the curve
y  x3  3x2  9 x  5

Common questions

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First, find the derivative \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^2 - 2 \) and evaluate it at \( x = 0 \). \( \frac{dy}{dx}|_{x=0} = -2 \). The slope of the tangent line is \( m_t = -2 \). Use point-slope form for the tangent line: \( y - 1 = -2(x - 0) \), resulting in \( y = -2x + 1 \). The slope of the normal line is the negative reciprocal: \( m_n = \frac{1}{2} \). The equation of the normal line is \( y - 1 = \frac{1}{2}(x - 0) \), simplifying to \( y = \frac{1}{2}x + 1 \).

Graphing helps visualize structural aspects like slope, angle with the x-axis, and relationships between the curve, tangent, and normal. It provides a geometric perspective, making abstract concepts tangible.

Differentiate both sides concerning \( x \). Use implicit differentiation on \( x^2y + 3xy^3 - x = 3 \). The derivative is \( d/dx(x^2y) = 2xy + x^2dy/dx \) and for \( 3xy^3 \), use the product rule: \( 3(y^3 + 3x(y^2)dy/dx) \). Combine results: \( 2xy + x^2dy/dx + 3y^3 + 9x^2y^2dy/dx - 1 = 0 \). Solve for \( dy/dx \): \( dy/dx = \frac{1 - 2xy - 3y^3}{x^2 + 9x^2y^2} \).

Simplifying \( dy/dx \) aids in identifying nature and behavior of changes in \( y \) concerning \( x \), enables easier computation for further analysis (like roots or intercepts), and serves clearer insight into the function’s rate of change.

The second derivative test determines concavity. For \( y' = 3x^2 - 18x + 5 \), find\( y'' = 6x - 18 \) to test concavity at critical points where \( y' = 0 \). A positive \( y'' \) at a critical point indicates a local minimum; negative \( y'' \) indicates a local maximum. Compute critical points by solving \( 3x^2 - 18x + 5 = 0 \), then check sign of \( y'' \) at these points.

Apply the power rule for derivatives. Rewrite each term using exponents, then differentiate: \( y = 5x^{-1} - 7x^{-2} + 4x^{-3} - 5x^{-4} \). Differentiate each term: \( \frac{d}{dx}(5x^{-1}) = -5x^{-2} \), \( \frac{d}{dx}(-7x^{-2}) = 14x^{-3} \), \( \frac{d}{dx}(4x^{-3}) = -12x^{-4} \), and \( \frac{d}{dx}(-5x^{-4}) = 20x^{-5} \). Thus, \( \frac{dy}{dx} = -5x^{-2} + 14x^{-3} - 12x^{-4} + 20x^{-5} \).

Take the first derivative \( y' = 3x^2 - 18x + 5 \) and find critical points by solving \( 3x^2 - 18x + 5 = 0 \). Use the discriminant \( b^2 - 4ac \) to find roots. Then perform the second derivative test. \( y'' = 6x - 18 \): \( y'' < 0 \) at maxima and \( y'' > 0 \) at minima. Solving \( 6x - 18 = 0 \) gives \( x = 3 \) indicating a possible inflection point if \( y'' \) changes sign. Verify by checking the sign changes around \( x = 3 \).

To find \( \frac{dy}{dx} \), apply the chain rule. Differentiate \( (3x^2 - 2)^{1/2} \) with respect to \( u = 3x^2 - 2 \), obtaining \( \frac{d}{du}(u^{1/2}) = \frac{1}{2}u^{-1/2} \). Then differentiate \( u \) with respect to \( x \) to get \( \frac{du}{dx} = 6x \). Combine results using the chain rule: \( \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2}(3x^2 - 2)^{-1/2} \cdot 6x = \frac{3x}{(3x^2 - 2)^{1/2}} \).

Evaluate the derivative \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^2 - 2 \) at \( x = 0 \). Substitute \( x = 0 \) into the derivative, giving \( 3(0)^2 - 2 = -2 \). The slope of the tangent at \( (0,1) \) is \( -2 \).

An inflection point occurs where concavity changes; \( y'' = 6x - 18 \). Set \( y'' = 0 \) to find potential inflection points at \( x = 3 \). Check sign changes of \( y'' \) around \( x = 3 \); concavity changes from \( y'' < 0 \) to \( y'' > 0 \) confirming it as an inflection point.

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