Calculus Problems: Derivatives & Curves
Calculus Problems: Derivatives & Curves
First, find the derivative \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^2 - 2 \) and evaluate it at \( x = 0 \). \( \frac{dy}{dx}|_{x=0} = -2 \). The slope of the tangent line is \( m_t = -2 \). Use point-slope form for the tangent line: \( y - 1 = -2(x - 0) \), resulting in \( y = -2x + 1 \). The slope of the normal line is the negative reciprocal: \( m_n = \frac{1}{2} \). The equation of the normal line is \( y - 1 = \frac{1}{2}(x - 0) \), simplifying to \( y = \frac{1}{2}x + 1 \).
Graphing helps visualize structural aspects like slope, angle with the x-axis, and relationships between the curve, tangent, and normal. It provides a geometric perspective, making abstract concepts tangible.
Differentiate both sides concerning \( x \). Use implicit differentiation on \( x^2y + 3xy^3 - x = 3 \). The derivative is \( d/dx(x^2y) = 2xy + x^2dy/dx \) and for \( 3xy^3 \), use the product rule: \( 3(y^3 + 3x(y^2)dy/dx) \). Combine results: \( 2xy + x^2dy/dx + 3y^3 + 9x^2y^2dy/dx - 1 = 0 \). Solve for \( dy/dx \): \( dy/dx = \frac{1 - 2xy - 3y^3}{x^2 + 9x^2y^2} \).
Simplifying \( dy/dx \) aids in identifying nature and behavior of changes in \( y \) concerning \( x \), enables easier computation for further analysis (like roots or intercepts), and serves clearer insight into the function’s rate of change.
The second derivative test determines concavity. For \( y' = 3x^2 - 18x + 5 \), find\( y'' = 6x - 18 \) to test concavity at critical points where \( y' = 0 \). A positive \( y'' \) at a critical point indicates a local minimum; negative \( y'' \) indicates a local maximum. Compute critical points by solving \( 3x^2 - 18x + 5 = 0 \), then check sign of \( y'' \) at these points.
Apply the power rule for derivatives. Rewrite each term using exponents, then differentiate: \( y = 5x^{-1} - 7x^{-2} + 4x^{-3} - 5x^{-4} \). Differentiate each term: \( \frac{d}{dx}(5x^{-1}) = -5x^{-2} \), \( \frac{d}{dx}(-7x^{-2}) = 14x^{-3} \), \( \frac{d}{dx}(4x^{-3}) = -12x^{-4} \), and \( \frac{d}{dx}(-5x^{-4}) = 20x^{-5} \). Thus, \( \frac{dy}{dx} = -5x^{-2} + 14x^{-3} - 12x^{-4} + 20x^{-5} \).
Take the first derivative \( y' = 3x^2 - 18x + 5 \) and find critical points by solving \( 3x^2 - 18x + 5 = 0 \). Use the discriminant \( b^2 - 4ac \) to find roots. Then perform the second derivative test. \( y'' = 6x - 18 \): \( y'' < 0 \) at maxima and \( y'' > 0 \) at minima. Solving \( 6x - 18 = 0 \) gives \( x = 3 \) indicating a possible inflection point if \( y'' \) changes sign. Verify by checking the sign changes around \( x = 3 \).
To find \( \frac{dy}{dx} \), apply the chain rule. Differentiate \( (3x^2 - 2)^{1/2} \) with respect to \( u = 3x^2 - 2 \), obtaining \( \frac{d}{du}(u^{1/2}) = \frac{1}{2}u^{-1/2} \). Then differentiate \( u \) with respect to \( x \) to get \( \frac{du}{dx} = 6x \). Combine results using the chain rule: \( \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2}(3x^2 - 2)^{-1/2} \cdot 6x = \frac{3x}{(3x^2 - 2)^{1/2}} \).
Evaluate the derivative \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^2 - 2 \) at \( x = 0 \). Substitute \( x = 0 \) into the derivative, giving \( 3(0)^2 - 2 = -2 \). The slope of the tangent at \( (0,1) \) is \( -2 \).
An inflection point occurs where concavity changes; \( y'' = 6x - 18 \). Set \( y'' = 0 \) to find potential inflection points at \( x = 3 \). Check sign changes of \( y'' \) around \( x = 3 \); concavity changes from \( y'' < 0 \) to \( y'' > 0 \) confirming it as an inflection point.