Construction Quality and Safety - CE 716
Chapter 1
Overview Of Quality in Constructions Projects
Name: Chauhan Pavan Krupeshbhai
Adm No: P21CT002
Subject Coordinator: Dr. Dilip A. Patel
Department of Civil Engineering
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Different Forms Of Quality System
Quality Quality Quality Total Quality
Inspection Control Assurance
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Constitutive Elements Of Total Quality Management (TQM)
Quality: Management:
Total:
Customer System of
Organizationwide
Satisfaction Managing
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TQM Helps In The Following:
ACHIEVING CONTINUOUS DEVELOPING ESTABLISHING A SETTING
CUSTOMER IMPROVEMENT TEAMWORK VISION FOR THE STANDARDS AND
SATISFACTION EMPLOYEES GOALS FOR THE
EMPLOYEES
BUILDING DEVELOPING A
MOTIVATION CORPORATE
WITHIN THE CULTURE
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ORGANIZATION
PHILOSOPHERS
The Prominent researchers • Philip B. Crosby
• W. Edwards Deming
and practitioners whose work • Armand V. Feigenbaum
have dominated the quality • Kaoru Ishikawa
• Joseph M. Juran
movement. • John Oakland
• Shigeo Shingo
• Genichi Taguchi
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The common features of their philosophies can be
summarized as follows:
• Quality is conformance to the customer’s defined needs
• Senior management is responsible for quality
• Continuously improve process, product, and services through application of various tools
and procedures to achieve a higher level of quality
• Establish performance measurements standards to avoid defects
• Take a team approach by involving every member of the organization
• Provide training and education for everyone in the organization
• Establish leadership to help employees perform better job 6
Periodic change in the Quality System
Period System
Middle Ages (1200- Guilds-Skilled craftsman were responsible for controlling their own
1799) products
Mid-18th century Establishment of factories. Increase in productivity. Mass production.
(Industrial Revolution) Assembly lines. Several Workers were responsible for producing a
product. Production by skilled workers and quality audit by inspectors.
Early 19th century Craftsmanship model of production.
Late 19th century Fredrik Taylor and scientific management.
(1880s)
Beginning of 20th Walter Shewhart introduced statistical process control. Introduction of
century (1920s) full-time Quality Inspection and quality control department. Quality
management.
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Periodic change in the Quality System
Period System
1930s Introduction of the sampling method.
1950s Introduction of Statistical Quality Process in Japan.
Late 1960s Introduction of Quality Assurance
1970s Total Quality Control
Quality Management
1980s Total Quality Management (TQM)
Beginning of 21st Integrated Quality Management (IQM)
century
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Concept of traditional projects organization
Project Owner
Architect /
Engineer Main contractor
(Consultant)
Mechanical Electrical
Subconsultants subcontractors
Subcontractor Subcontractor
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• Meeting the customer’s need
• Customer satisfaction
Quality Definition for • Fitness for use
• Conforming the requirements
Construction Projects • Degree of excellence at a
acceptable price
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Construction Project Trilogy
Defined
Scope
Quality in
Construction Projects
Schedule Budget
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The Quality Of Construction Projects Evolved As Follows:
• Properly Defined scope of work
• Owner, project manager, design team leader, consultant, and construction manager are
responsible for implementing quality.
• Continuous improvement can be achieved at different levels: Owner, Designer,
Constructor
• Establishment of performances measures.
• Team approach
• Training and education
• Establishing Leadership
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Principles of Quality in Construction Projects
Principle Construction Project's Principle
Principle 1 Owner, consultant, contractor are fully responsible for application of
quality management system to meet defined scope work in the
contract documents
Principle 2 Consultant is responsible to provide owner’s requirements explicitly,
clearly defining them in the contact documents
Principle 3 Method of payments (work progress, material, equipment, etc.) to be
clearly defined in the contract documents. Rate analysis of BOQ or
BOM item to be agreed before signing of contract.
Principle 4 Contract documents should include a clause to settle any dispute
arising during the construction stage.
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Principles of Quality in Construction Projects
Principle Construction Project's Principle
Principle 5 Contractor should study all the documents during tendering/bidding
stage and submit his proposal, taking into consideration all the
requirements specified in the contract documents.
Principle 6 Contractor shall follow and agreed-upon quality assurance and quality
control plan. Consultant shall be responsible for overseeing
compliance with contract documents and specified standards
Principle 7 Contract is responsible for providing all the resources, manpower,
material, equipment, etc, to build the facility per specifications.
Principle 8 Contractor shall follow the submittal procedure specified in the
contract documents.
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Principles of Quality in Construction Projects
Principle Construction Project's Principle
Principle 9 Each member of project team should participate in all the functional
area to continuously improve project quality.
Principle 10 Contractor is responsible for constructing the facility as specified and
using the material, products, equipment, and methods that satisfy the
specified requirements.
Principle 11 Contractor to build the facility as stipulated in the contract documents,
plan and specifications within budget and on schedule to meet
owner’s objectives.
Principle 12 Contractor should perform the works per agreed-upon construction
program and hand over the project per the contract schedule.
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Construction Project Life-Cycle
Testing,
Design
Conceptual Design Schematic Design Construction commissioning and
Development
Handover
Identification of Need General Scope of Details design of the Mobilization Testing
and Objectives (TOR) work/Basic Design Works
Identification of Project Regulatory Approval Regulatory / Execution of Works Commissioning
Team Authorities Approval
Data Collection Schedule Contract documents Planning and Scheduling Regulatory / Authorities
and specifications Approval
Identification of Budget Detail Plan Management of Move-in-Plan
Alternatives Resources / Procurement
Time Schedule Contract Terms and Budget Monitoring and Control As-built
Conditions Drawings/Records
Financial Value Engineering Estimated Cash Flow Quality Technical Manuals and
Implications/Resources Study Documents
Development of Tender/Bidding Inspection Training of User’s
Concept Design Personnel
Handover of Facility to
Owner/End User
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Substantial Completion
Standards produced by Organization:
International International; American National
American society for
organization for Electrochemical Standards Institute
Quality (ASQ)
Standardization (ISO) Commission (IEC) (ANSI)
American society for American Standards Institute of Electrical European Committee
testing and materials for Mechanical and Electronics for Standardization
(ASTM) Engineering (ASME) Engineers (IEEE) (CEN)
European Committee American Society of
National Fire
for Electrotechnical Heating, Refrigerating British Standard
Protection Association
Standardization and Air Conditioning Institute
(NFPA)
(CENELEC) Engineers (ASHRAE)
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Logic Flow Diagram for
development of IQMS
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Any Questions?
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Thank You
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