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Principal Stresses and Mohr's Circle

The document explains the calculation of major and minor principal stresses using Mohr's Circle, detailing the relationships between stress components and the geometry of the circle. It provides formulas for determining the radius of the Mohr Circle and the transformed stresses based on given values. Additionally, it computes the inclination of the principal stresses with specific numerical examples, confirming the relationship between angles in stress analysis.

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Neuth Temmie
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13 views2 pages

Principal Stresses and Mohr's Circle

The document explains the calculation of major and minor principal stresses using Mohr's Circle, detailing the relationships between stress components and the geometry of the circle. It provides formulas for determining the radius of the Mohr Circle and the transformed stresses based on given values. Additionally, it computes the inclination of the principal stresses with specific numerical examples, confirming the relationship between angles in stress analysis.

Uploaded by

Neuth Temmie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ABOUT THE PRINCIPAL STRESSES

In any Mohr Circle,


The major principal stress = centre + radius [½ ( 1 + 3) (centre) + ½( 1 - 3) (radius)]
= ½ 1 + ½3 + ½1- ½3 = 1
The minor principal stress = centre – radius [½ ( 1 + 3) (centre) - ½( 1 - 3) (radius)]
= ½ 1 + ½3 - ½1 + ½3 = 3
For a complex stress with x, y and xy, the centre remains ½(x + y) but the value ½(x - y)
is not the radius of the Mohr circle but it is the base of a triangle which height is xy. The
hypotenuse of that triangle is the radius of the Mohr Circle and can be expressed by using the
Pythagoras Theorem.

B O

Considering triangle ABO, BO = ½(x - y) (base)


AB = xy (height of the triangle)
AO = hypotenuse, which is also the radius of the Mohr circle
Radius of Mohr circle (hypotenuse) = [[½(x + y)]2 + xy2]1/2

= √¼(σ𝑥 + σ𝑦 )2 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦
2

As the major principal stress = centre + radius

= ½(x + y) + √¼(σ𝑥 + σ𝑦 )2 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦


2

And the minor principal stress = centre – radius

= ½(x + y) - √¼(σ𝑥 + σ𝑦 )2 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦


2
On the argument about the inclination of the principal stress, let us consider the same element
presented in Assignment 2, but this time, let x = 80 MPa, y = 20 MPa and xy = 5 MPa, and let
us present the l and m axes in their usual convention.

The transformed stresses will now be


1 1
𝜎𝑙 = (𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑧 ) + (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑧 )𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼 + 𝜏𝑧𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼
2 2
1 1
𝜎𝑚 = (𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑧 ) − (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑧 )𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼 − 𝜏𝑧𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼
2 2
1
𝜏𝑙𝑚 = 𝜏𝑧𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼 − (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑧 )𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼
2
The magnitude of the principal stresses will remain unchanged. 1 = 80.41, 3 = 19.59
Now let us compute the inclination of the principal stresses

2𝜏𝑥𝑦 2×5
First with the formula 1 = ½ tan-1(𝜎 )= ½ tan-1( ) = 4.7o
𝑥 −𝜎𝑦 80−20
𝜎1 −𝜎𝑥 80.413812641−80
And then from the formula 1 = tan-1( ) = tan-1( ) = 4.7o
𝜏𝑥𝑦 5
The inclination of the minor principal stress will then be 90 – 4.73 = 85.3o
This result shows that the major principal stress was indeed inclined at 85.3o in the original
problem. Remember tan(90 + x) = - cot(x) so the 85.3o and the -4.7o are not different.

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