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Session: 3 C
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Classes and Methods
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Explain Class
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Describe Visibility Modifiers
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Explain Methods
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Explain Static data fields and Constant data fields
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Describe Accessor, Mutator, and Forward declaration
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 3 2
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Every object can be categorized into some class
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Characteristics of object are enclosed within the
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class as data members
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To access and manipulate data members, the
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object has to make use of methods
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It is a type or a software construct that encloses:
Syntax
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Code
dataSnippet
members
<access-modifier> class <class-name>
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{ functions or behavior of an entity
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public class Horse
<data-members>
{
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<methods>
string color; // data member
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}The figure shows the structure of a class diagram.
public void display() // method
{
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[Link](color);
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}
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}
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The figure shows an example of entity with its
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characteristics.
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 3 5
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The figure shows how class members can be secured
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using visibility modifiers.
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Defines the behavior of a class
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Consists of the actions that an object or instance of a
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class can perform on the data members
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Syntax
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<access-modifier> <return-type> <method-
name> (<data-type> <parameter-name>,…)
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{
// statement1
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// statement2
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<return-value (or expression)>
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}
Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 3 7
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Code Snippet
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To access any member of a class, a copy of that class
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public class
called the Horse
object of the class, has to be created
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{
private string color; // attribute
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public
The void setColor(string
figure shows col) // method
examples of two objects
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{
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color = col;
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static void Main() C
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{
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Horse h1 = new Horse(); // creating
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object of class Horse
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[Link](“Black”);
}
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}
Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 3 8
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Syntax
Used to construct an object of a class and initialize its
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data members
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Default or no-argument constructor
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Specialized method that()has the same name as the
<constructor-name>
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{class name
// initialization statements
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}Constructor arguments are used to initialize the fields
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 3 9
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For a static or class variable, only a single copy is shared
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by all objects of the class
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Class that is declared as static, cannot be instantiated and
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its members can be accessed directly using the class name
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Method that is declared static, can be accessed directly
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using the class name without creating object of the class
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It is a variable whose value is fixed during compilation
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and does not change later
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Values of such fields can be fixed before the object of
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the class is created
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The following C# code demonstrates the creation of a
constant. C
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public class Horse
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{
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public const int feet = 4;
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…..
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}
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These are special methods in OOP that provide an easy
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yet secure way of accessing a data field of a class
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Accessor is the method through which the object can
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retrieve the value of a data field
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Mutator is a method through which the object can
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assign the value to a data field
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The figure shows accessor and mutator methods used
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to access a data field named hid of class Horse.
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 3 12
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The followingHelps classesan
code shows that are referenced
example later in a
of function
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file to be used at an earlier stage in the
prototype in C++.
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#include <iostream.h> code without any conflict
// function prototype
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void display(string col); // line1
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static void Main ()
{ It is a prior hint to the compiler that the
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string color;
function definition or implementation has
cout << “Enterbeen
cin >>color ;
color
done C
“; later in the code
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display(color); // line 2
} // end of main()
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void display (string col) // line 3
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{ It is also called a function prototype
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cout<<”Color is ”+ col;
}
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A class is a type or a software construct that encloses the data
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members and of an entity into an enclosed structure.
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A visibility modifier is used with a class, data field as well as a
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method to restrict access to them from outside the class.
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A method defines the behavior of a class and consists of the
actions that an object of a class can perform on the data
members. C
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A constructor is a specialized method that has the same name as
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the class name and is used to initialize its data members.
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A static or class variable is one for which there is only a single
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copy and it is shared by all objects of a class.
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A constant is a variable whose value is fixed during compilation
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and does not change later.
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Forward declaration of a function is a statement that informs the
compiler about the signature of the function without its
implementation. C
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 3 15