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AVR Stack Pointer and Operations

The document discusses the stack in AVR microcontrollers, highlighting its use for storing temporary data, local variables, and return addresses. It explains the Stack Pointer Register and the operations for pushing and popping data onto/from the stack, which follows a Last In First Out (LIFO) principle. Additionally, it covers the use of the RCALL instruction for subroutine calls, which stores the return address in the stack.

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chantika.119140117
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10 views16 pages

AVR Stack Pointer and Operations

The document discusses the stack in AVR microcontrollers, highlighting its use for storing temporary data, local variables, and return addresses. It explains the Stack Pointer Register and the operations for pushing and popping data onto/from the stack, which follows a Last In First Out (LIFO) principle. Additionally, it covers the use of the RCALL instruction for subroutine calls, which stores the return address in the stack.

Uploaded by

chantika.119140117
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Erdefi Rakun

 Stack
 Stack Pointer
 Stack operations in AVR
 Subroutine

2
 Stack is mainly used for storing:
 Temporary data
 Local variables
 Return Addresses after interrupts and subroutine calls
 Stack Pointer Register (SPH and SPL) is an
I/O Register that points to the top of stack
(TOS)
 Stack space in SRAM must be defined by
program before subroutine calls are
executed or interrupts are anable
3
 Last In First Out (LIFO).
 Stack is implemented as growing from
higher memory location to lower memory
locations

4
 AVR Stack Pointer is implemented as two
8-bit registers in the I/O space

5
Initial value = 0

Inisialisasi nilai SPL dan SPH

Points to the last byte


in SRAM

6
7
 PUSH [Register] instruction is used to push data
onto the stack.
 Exp: PUSH R1
 will push the content of R1 onto the stack and then
decrement SP by 1 ( SP ← SP – 1)
 POP [Register] instruction is used to pop data
from the stack.
 Exp: POP R1
 Stack Pointer is increment by 1 ( SP ← SP + 1), read
the content of the stack, then store it in R1.

8
SRAM
LDI R16, 04 FF
FF
0x0000

MOV R1,R16 FF
....
....
PUSH R1 FF
FF
.... FF
FF
Stack FF
FF 0x025F
Pointer

9
SRAM
LDI R16, 04 FF
FF
0x0000

MOV R1,R16 FF
....
....
PUSH R1 FF
FF
.... FF
FF
FF
04 0x025F

10
SRAM
.... FF
FF
0x0000

POP R17 FF
....
....
.... FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
04 0x025F

11
SRAM
.... FF
FF
0x0000

POP R17 FF
....
....
.... FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
R17 ← 04 04 0x025F

12
SRAM
LDI R16, 07 FF
FF
0x0000

PUSH R16 FF
....
....
.... FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
04 0x025F

What will happen?


13
 Similar to the subroutine call in MIPS
 Use RCALL (Relative Call) instruction
 RCALL [Label]
 Label is the subroutine address
 Return address will be stored in the Stack.

14
SRAM
FF
FF
FF
....
....
FF
FF
FF
FF
00
16
0x0016

15
SRAM
FF
FF
FF
....
....
FF
FF
FF
FF
00
16
PC ← 0x0016
16

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