1. Which function is used to read a CSV file in R?
A) [Link]() B) [Link]() C) [Link]() D) [Link]() Answer: D
2. What does the getwd() function do in R?
A) Sets the working directory B) Prints the working directory
C) Gets the current working directory D) Changes the working directory Answer: C
3. Which package is required to read Excel files in R?
A) openxlsx B) readxl C) xlsx D) excelR Answer: B
4. What is the default value of the header parameter in [Link]()?
A) NULL B) FALSE C) 1 D) TRUE Answer: D
5. Which function is used to write data to a CSV file in R?
A) [Link]() B) [Link]() C) [Link]() D) [Link]() Answer: A
6. What does JSON stand for?
A) Java Object Notation B) Java Standard Object Notation C) JavaScript Object Notation
D) JavaScript Open Notation Answer: C
7. Which function is used to merge two data frames in R?
A) concat() B) join() C) merge() D) combine() Answer: C
8. What is the purpose of the [Link]() function?
A) To create a new data frame B) To read data from a text file C) To modify a data frame
D) To export data to a text file Answer: D
9. Which function is used to calculate the average salary for each department?
A) summary() B) tapply() C) mean() D) aggregate() Answer: D
10. What is the correct way to set a new working directory in R?
A) changewd(...) B) [Link](...) C) set_directory(...) D) setwd(...) Answer: D
1. What does type conversion in R refer to?
A) Renaming variables B) Changing variable types C) Assigning values
D) Creating functions Answer: B
2. Which function is used to explicitly convert a value to logical type in R?
A) [Link]() B) [Link]() C) [Link]() D) [Link]() Answer: C
3. What is the result of [Link](50)?
A) FALSE B) TRUE C) NA D) 50 Answer: B
4. What is the output of [Link](FALSE) in R?
A) 0 B) 1 C) "FALSE" D) NA Answer: C
5. What does the [Link]("50") function return?
A) "50" B) 50 C) FALSE D) NA Answer: B
6. What is the result of converting TRUE to numeric using [Link](TRUE)?
A) 0 B) 1 C) TRUE D) "1" Answer: B
7. Which function is used to convert vectors to a matrix by rows?
A) cbind() B) matrix() C) rbind() D) bind_rows() Answer: C
8. What is the result of combining vectors into a matrix using cbind()?
A) Fills by row B) Fills by column C) Converts to data frame D) Converts to list
Answer: B
9. Which function is used to convert vectors to a data frame in R?
A) [Link]() B) [Link]() C) [Link]() D) rbind() Answer: A
10. What is the result of [Link](matrix(1:6, nrow = 2))?
A) 2x3 matrix B) Error C) A long vector of numbers 1 to 6 D) Data frame Answer: C
1. What is the purpose of the [Link]() function in R?
A) Load a package into R B) Update all packages
C) Remove a package D) Install a new package from CRAN Answer: D
2. Which function is used to load a package into the R session?
A) [Link]() B) library() C) [Link]() D) load() Answer: B
3. What does the [Link]() function do?
A) Deletes R installation B) Removes a specific function
C) Removes an installed package D) Updates a package Answer: C
4. Where are the majority of R packages hosted?
A) GitHub B) CRAN C) SourceForge D) Stack Overflow Answer: B
5. Which repository is specifically used for bioinformatics packages in R?
A) CRAN B) GitHub C) Bioconductor D) Bitbucket Answer: C
6. What function is used to update all installed packages?
A) [Link]() B) [Link]() C) [Link]() D) [Link]()
Answer: B
7. What is the purpose of [Link]() in R?
A) List available packages online B) Load packages
C) Show all installed packages D) Remove installed packages Answer: C
8. Which function allows installing packages from GitHub?
A) [Link]() B) [Link]() C) install_github() D) library()
Answer: C
9. What keyword is used for conditional execution in R?
A) while B) for C) if D) switch Answer: C
10. What does the ifelse() function do in R?
A) Compares only single values B) Returns a data frame
C) Applies conditions to vectors D) Replaces switch() Answer: C
1. Which loop in R repeats as long as a condition is TRUE?
A) for B) while C) repeat D) loop Answer: B
2. Which R loop runs indefinitely unless explicitly stopped?
A) for B) while C) repeat D) break Answer: C
3. What is the purpose of the break statement in R loops?
A) Pause execution B) Skip an iteration C) Exit a loop D) Restart loop Answer: C
4. Which statement skips the current iteration in a loop?
A) break B) next C) exit D) continue Answer: B
5. Which loop is most suitable for iterating through a vector?
A) repeat B) while C) for D) switch Answer: C
6. What does the following code do? for (i in 1:5) { print(i) }
A) Prints even numbers only B) Loops from 0 to 5 C) Prints 1 to 5 D) Infinite loop
Answer: C
7. What does apply(X, 1, FUN) do in R?
A) Applies a function to columns B) Applies a function to rows
C) Applies to vectors D) Applies to elements Answer: B
8. Which function returns a list after applying a function to a list?
A) apply() B) sapply() C) lapply() D) mapply() Answer: C
9. Which function simplifies the result of lapply() if possible?
A) apply() B) sapply() C) tapply() D) loop() Answer: B
10. What is the use of tapply() in R?
A) Apply function to a matrix B) Grouped operations on a vector
C) Looping over elements D) Apply function to data frame rows Answer: B