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Nervous System & Neuropsychology Guide

The document serves as a study guide on the nervous system, detailing its major divisions, neuron structure, neural transmission, synaptic transmission, and related disorders. It also covers the impact of various drugs on the brain and introduces neuropsychology, including assessment tools and key brain areas. Key neurotransmitters and their functions, along with associated disorders, are highlighted throughout the guide.

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mpofanasamkelisiwe84
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13 views4 pages

Nervous System & Neuropsychology Guide

The document serves as a study guide on the nervous system, detailing its major divisions, neuron structure, neural transmission, synaptic transmission, and related disorders. It also covers the impact of various drugs on the brain and introduces neuropsychology, including assessment tools and key brain areas. Key neurotransmitters and their functions, along with associated disorders, are highlighted throughout the guide.

Uploaded by

mpofanasamkelisiwe84
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Study Guide: Nervous System, Neural Transmission & Neuropsychology

1. The Nervous System

Major Divisions:

- Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord; controls body functions and processes information.

- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): All nerves outside the CNS.

- Somatic Nervous System: Controls voluntary actions.

- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Controls involuntary functions.

- Sympathetic Division: "Fight or flight" response.

- Parasympathetic Division: "Rest and digest" response.

2. Neurons and Neural Transmission

Structure of a Neuron:

- Soma (Cell Body): Contains nucleus.

- Dendrites: Receive messages.

- Axon: Sends electrical impulses.

- Axon Terminals: Transmit signals.

- Myelin Sheath: Insulates axon.

Neural Impulse (Action Potential):

- Resting Potential: -70mV, maintained by ion channels.

- Action Potential: Threshold met, sodium enters, potassium exits.


Study Guide: Nervous System, Neural Transmission & Neuropsychology

- All-or-None Principle: Neuron fires fully or not at all.

3. Synaptic Transmission

The Synapse:

- Vesicles release neurotransmitters into synaptic gap.

- Neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites.

- Reuptake: Excess neurotransmitters reabsorbed.

Neurotransmitters:

- Dopamine: Movement, pleasure.

- Serotonin: Mood, sleep.

- Norepinephrine: Alertness.

- Acetylcholine (ACh): Memory, muscle action.

- GABA: Inhibitory.

- Glutamate: Excitatory.

- Endorphins: Pain relief.

4. Disorders Related to Neural Transmission

- Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Myelin damage.

- Parkinson's Disease: Low dopamine.


Study Guide: Nervous System, Neural Transmission & Neuropsychology

- Schizophrenia: High dopamine.

- Depression: Low serotonin/norepinephrine.

- ALS: Motor neuron loss.

- Rabies: Virus affecting CNS.

5. Drugs & the Brain

- L-Dopa: Boosts dopamine.

- SSRIs: Block serotonin reuptake.

- Benzodiazepines: Enhance GABA.

- Cocaine/Amphetamines: Increase dopamine.

- Ecstasy (MDMA): Alters serotonin levels.

6. Neuropsychology Basics

Definition: Studies brain-behavior relationships.

Goals:

- Understand brain disorders.

- Diagnose conditions.

- Guide rehabilitation.
Study Guide: Nervous System, Neural Transmission & Neuropsychology

Assessment Tools:

- Neuropsychological tests.

- Imaging: fMRI, EEG, PET.

Brain Areas:

- Frontal Lobe: Decision-making.

- Parietal Lobe: Sensory input.

- Temporal Lobe: Memory.

- Occipital Lobe: Vision.

- Amygdala: Emotion.

- Hippocampus: Memory.

- Cerebellum: Coordination.

- Brainstem: Vital functions.

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