PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI

STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 46

CH-01 - MLM (REAL NUMBERS)

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [10]

1. If p and q are co-prime numbers, then p

2
and q
2
are
(A) co-prime (B) not co-prime (C) even (D) odd

Ans. : (a) : Since p and q are co-prime. So, their squares i.e., p
2
and q
2
will also have
no common factor i.e., they are also co-prime.
2. If p and q are primes, then HCF(p, q) will be
(A) p (B) q (C) 1 (D) pq
Ans. : (c) : 1
3. If LCM of a and 18 is 36 and HCF of a and 18 is 2 , then a =

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1

Ans. : (c) : Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM of two numbers
72
∴ a × 18 = 2 × 36 ⇒ a = = 4.
18

4. If p and q are positive integers such that p = ab

2
and q = a b
3
, where a, b are prime
numbers, then HCF(p, q) =

(A) ab (B) a 2 2
b (C) a 3
b
2
(D) a 3 3
b

Ans. : (a) : 2
HCF(p, q) = HCF(ab , a b) = ab
3
.
5. Find HCF(8, 9, 25) × LCM(8, 9, 25) .
(A) 500 (B) 1800 (C) 1810 (D) 1500

Ans. : (b) : We have, 8 = 2 × 2 × 2 ,

9 = 3 × 3, 25 = 5 × 5

HCF(8, 9, 25) = 1 and LCM(8, 9, 25) = 2

3
×3
2
×5
2
= 1800

∴ HCF(8, 9, 25) × LCM(8, 9, 25) = 1 × 1800 = 1800

6. What is the HCF of smallest prime number and smallest composite number?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans. : (b) : Smallest prime number = 2

Smallest composite number = 4

∴ HCF(2, 4) = 2

7. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x y

3 2
and 3
b = xy ; x, y are prime
numbers, then HCF(a, b) is
(A) xy (B) xy 2
(C) x 3
y
3
(D) x 2
y
2

Page 1
 Ans. : (b) : Given that, a = x 3
y
2
= x×x×x×y ×y

and b = xy
3
= x×y ×y ×y

∴ HCF of a and 3 2
b = HCF(x y , xy ) = x × y × y
3
= xy
2

8. The HCF of 2
2
×3
2
×5
3
× 7, 2
3
×3
3
×5
2
×7
2
and 3 × 5 × 7 × 11 is
(A) 35 (B) 21 (C) 15 (D) 105
Ans. : (d) : HCF = Product of lowest powers of each common prime factors
= 3 × 5 × 7 = 105

9. If HCF (306, 1314) = 18 , then LCM (306 , 1314) is

(A) 22338 (B) 22334 (C) 306 (D) 1314

Ans. : (a) : LCM =

306×1314

18
= 22338

10. Which of the following is a pair of co-primes?

(A) (14, 35) (B) (18, 25) (C) (31, 93) (D) (32, 62)

Ans. : (b) : HCF(18, 25) = 1 . So, (18, 25) is a pair of coprimes.

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [14]

11. Find the LCM and HCF of 26 and 91 pairs of integers and verify that LCM × HCF =
product of the two numbers.
Ans. :
26 and 91
26= 2 × 13
91 = 7 × 13
HCF = 13
LCM = 2 × 7 × 13 = 182
Product of two numbers 26 and 91 = 26 × 91 = 2366
HCF × LCM = 13 × 182 = 2366
Hence, product of two numbers = HCF × LCM
12. Find the LCM and HCF of 510 and 92 pairs of integers and verify that LCM × HCF
= product of the two numbers.
Ans. :
510 and 92
510= 2 × 3 × 5× 17
92 = 2 × 2 × 23
HCF = 2
LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 17 × 23 = 23460
Product of two numbers 510 and 92 = 510 × 92 = 46920
HCF × LCM = 2 × 23460 = 46920
Hence, product of two numbers = HCF × LCM

Page 2
13. Find the LCM and HCF of 12, 15 and 21 integers by applying the prime
factorisation method.
Ans. :
12, 15 and 21
12 = 22 × 3
15 = 3 × 5
21 = 3 × 7
HCF = 3
LCM = 22 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 420
14. Check whether 6n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.

Ans. :
If any number ends with the digit 0, it should be divisible by 10 or in other words, it
will also be divisible by 2 and 5 as 10 = 2 × 5
Prime factorisation of 6n = (2 ×3)n
It can be observed that 5 is not in the prime factorisation of 6n.
Hence, for any value of n, 6n will not be divisible by 5.
Therefore, 6n cannot end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.
15. Find the LCM and HCF of 6 and 20 by the prime factorisation method.
Ans. :
We have: 6 = 2
1
×3
1
and 20 = 2 × 2 × 5 = 2
2
×5
1

Now HCF(6, 20) = 21 = 2 = Product of the smallest power of each common prime
factor
and LCM (6, 20) = 2
2
×3
1
×5
1
= 60 = Product of the greatest power of each prime
factor
16. Find the HCF of 96 and 404 by prime factorisation method. Hence, find their
LCM.
Ans. : We have,
96 = 2
5
×3 and 404 = 2
2
× 101

2
∴ HCF = 2 = 4

Now, HCF × LCM = 96 × 404

96×404 96×404
⇒ LCM = = = 96 × 101 = 9696
HCF 4

17. Find the HCF and LCM of 6, 72 and 120, using the prime factorisation method.
Ans. :
We have: 6 = 2 × 3, 72 = 2
3 2
× 3 , 120 = 2
3
×3×5

Here, 21 and 31 are the smallest powers of the common factors 2 and
3 respectively.

Page 3
 So, HCF (6, 72, 120) = 21 × 31 = 2 ×
3=6
2 3, 32 and 51 are the greatest powers of prime factors 2, 3 and 5 respectively
involved in the three numbers.
So, LCM (6, 72, 120) = 23 × 32 × 51 = 360

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [12]

18. Prove that –

3 + 2√5 is irrational.

Ans. : Let us assume, to the contrary, that is 3 + 2√5 rational.

–

That is, we can find coprime integers a and b (b ≠ 0) such that

– a a
–
3 + 2√5 = Therefore, − 3 = 2√5
b b

a−3b –
⇒ = 2√5
b

a−3b – a 3
⇒ = √5 ⇒ −
2b 2b 2

Since a and b are integers,

We get is rational, also so is rational.
a 3 –
− √5
2b 2

But this contradicts the fact that √5 is irrational.

–

This contradiction arose because of our incorrect

assumption that is rational.
–
3 + 2√5

So, we conclude that is irrational.

–
3 + 2√5

19. Prove that –

6 + √2 is irrational.
Ans. : Let us assume that 6 + √2 is a rational number.
So we can write this number as
6 + √2 = a/b
Here a and b are two co-prime numbers and b is not equal to 0
Subtract 6 both side we get
√2 = a/b – 6
√2 = (a-6b)/b
Here a and b are integers so (a-6b)/b is a rational number. So √2 should be a
rational number. But √2 is an irrational number. It is a contradiction.
Hence result is 6 + √2 is a irrational number
20. Prove that –
√3 is irrational.
Ans. : Let us assume √3 be a rational, then as every rational can be represented in
the form p/q where q≠0
Let √3=p/q where p,q have no common factor.
Now squaring on both sides we get 3=p2/q2
⟹ 3×q2=p2
Which means 3 divides p2 which implies 3 divides p
Hence we can write p=3×k, where k is some constant.

Page 4
 This gives 3×q2=9×k2
q2=3×k2
Which means 3 divides q2 which implies 3 divides q.
3 divides p and q which means 3 is a common factor for p and q.
And this is a contradiction for our assumption that p and q have no common
factor…
Hence we can say our assumption that √3 is rational is wrong…
And therefore √3 is an irrational…
21. –
√2 is irrational.

Ans. : Let us assume, to the contrary, that is rational.

–
√2

So, we can find integers and such that

–
r s(≠ 0) √2 =
r

s
.
Suppose r and s have a common factor other than 1 . Then, we divide by the
common factor to get , where and are coprime.
– a
√2 = a b
b

So,
–
b√2 = a .
Squaring on both sides and rearranging, we get 2b
2
= a
2
. Therefore, 2 divides 2
a .
Now, by Theorem 1.3, it follows that 2 divides a.
So, we can write a = 2c for some integer c.
Substituting for a, we get 2b
2
= 4c
2
, that is, b 2
= 2c
2
.
This means that 2 divides 2
b , and so 2 divides b (again using Theorem 1.3 with p = 2

).
Therefore, a and b have at least 2 as a common factor.
But this contradicts the fact that a and b have no common factors other than 1 .
–
This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that √2 is
rational.
So, we conclude that is irrational.
–
√2

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [10]

22. Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 and 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 are composite

numbers.
Ans. :

So, the factors of 156 are 2 × 2 × 3 × 13

23. There is a circular path around a sports field. Sonia takes 18 minutes to drive
one round of the field, while Ravi takes 12 minutes for the same. Suppose they
both start at the same point and at the same time and go in the same direction.
After how many minutes will they meet again at the starting point?
Ans. :
By taking LCM of time taken (in minutes) by Sonia and Ravi, We can get the actual
number of minutes after which they meet again at the starting point after both
start at the same point and at the same time, and go in the same direction.
2
18 = 2 × 3 × 3 = 2 × 3

12 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 22 × 3

LCM (18, 12) = 2 × 3 = 36

2 2

Therefore, both Sonia and Ravi will meet again at the starting point after 36
minutes.
----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 26
CH-02 - MLM (POLYNOMIALS)

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [10]

1. In figure, the graph of a polynomial p(x) is shown. Find the number of zeroes of
p(x).

(A) 4 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

Ans. : (b) : The number of zeroes of the polynomial p(x) is one, as the graph
intersects the x-axis at only one point.
2. In the figure, graph of a polynomial p(x) is given. Find the zeroes of p(x) .

(A) −3, 4 (B) 3, 5 (C) −3, 5 (D) 3, 4

Ans. : (b) : Since, the graph of the polynomial p(x) intersects the x-axis at two
points i.e, x = 3 and x = 5 . Therefore, 3 and 5 are the zeroes of p(x) .
3. In the given figure, the number of zeroes of the polynomial f (x) are

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Ans. : (c) : The number of zeroes of the polynomial f (x) is 3 , as the graph
intersects the x-axis at three distinct points.
4. The number of zeroes lying between -4 and 4 of the polynomial f (x) whose
graph is given, is

Page 1
 (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1

Ans. : (c) : The number of zeroes of the polynomial f (x) lying between -4 and 4 is 4
. As between -4 and 4 , the graph intersects the x-axis at four distinct points.
5. The zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 2
x + 25x + 156 are
(A) both positive (B) both negative
(C) one positive and one negative (D) can't be determined

Ans. : (b) : Let α and β be the zeroes of x

2
+ 25x + 156 .
Then, α + β = −25 and αβ = 156
This happens when α and β are both negative.
6. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial bx
2
+ cx + d is 0 , then the other
zero is
(A) − b

d
(B) − c

b
(C) b

d
(D) c

Ans. : (b): Let α, β be the zeroes of bx

2
+ cx + d .
∴ Sum of zeroes = −
c

Now one zero = 0 [Given]

∴ Other zero = −
c

7. Is x = −2 a zero of the polynomial p(x) = x

2
− 2x + 8 ?
(A) Yes (B) No
(C) May or may not be (D) Can't be determined

Ans. : (b) : If x = −2 is a zero of p(x) = x

2
− 2x + 8 , then p(−2) = 0 .
2
∴ p(−2) = (−2) − 2(−2) + 8

= 4 + 4 + 8 = 16 ≠ 0

Thus, x = −2 is not a zero of p(x).

8. If the product of zeroes of the polynomial ax
2
− 6x − 6 is 4 , then the value of ' a

' is
(A) 2

3
(B) 3

2
(C) −3

2
(D) − 2

Page 2
 Ans. : (c) : The given polynomial is ax
2
− 6x − 6

6
∴ Product of its zeroes = −
a

−6
⇒ = 4 [∵ Product of zeroes = 4 (Given) ]
a

3
⇒ a = −
2

9. Find the other zero of the polynomial f (x) = x

2
− 7x − 8 , if one of the zeroes is -1
.
(A) 8 (B) -1 (C) -8 (D) 1

Ans. : (a) : We have, f (x) = x 2

− 7x − 8

Now, sum of the zeroes = 7

Since one of the zeroes is -1 .
∴ Other zero = 7 − (−1) = 7 + 1 = 8

10. The graph of y = p(x) is given below. Find the number of zeroes of p(x) .

(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) All of these

Ans. : (b) : Since the graph of y = p(x) intersects the x -axis at 2 points. So, the
number of zeroes of p(x) is 2 .

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [10]

11. Find the zeroes of quadratic polynomial 6x2 - 3 - 7x and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and their coefficients.

Ans. : We have given the quadratic equation as: 6x2 - 3 - 7x

First of all we will write it into standard form as: 6x2 - 7x - 3
(Now we will factorize 7 such that the product of the factors is equal to - 18 and
the sum is equal to - 7)
It can be written as
= 6x2 + 2x - 9x - 3
= 2x(3x + 1) - 3(3x + 1)
= (3x + 1)(2x - 3)
The value of 6x2 - 3 - 7x is zero when 3x + 1 = 0 or 2x − 3 = 0,
i.e.
−1 3
X = or
3 2

Page 3
 Therefore, the zeroes of 6x2 − 3 − 7x are −1

3
and
3

Sum of zeroes = −1 3 7 −(−7) −( coefficient of x)

+ = = = 2
3 2 6 6 coefficient of x

Product of zeroes = −1

3
×
3

2
=
−1

2
=
−3

6
=
constant term

coefficient of x
2

Hence, verified
12. Find the zeroes of quadratic polynomial t2 – 15 and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and their coefficients.

Ans. : We have quadratic polynomial as t2 – 15

= t2 – (√15 )2
−−

[As, x2 - y2 = (x - y)(x + y)]

−− −−
= (t - √15 )(t + √15 )
The value of t2 − 15 is zero when (t - √15 ) = 0 or (t +
−− −−
√15 ) = 0,
i.e., when t = or t = -
−− −−
√15 √15

therefore, the zeroes of t2 − 15 are and - √15 .

−− −−
√15

Sum of zeroes =
−− −− −0 −(coefficient of t)
√15 + (−√15 ) = 0 = = 2
1 coefficient of t

−− −−
Product of zeroes = (√15 )(−√15 ) = −15 =
−15

1
=
constant term
2
coefficient of t

Hence verified.
13. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are
respectively.
– 1
√2,
3

Ans. : Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c.

and its zeroes be α and β.
Then, α + β = √2 = −
– b 1 c
and αβ = =
a 3 a

–
If a = 3, then b = −3√2 and c = 1.
–
So, one quadratic polynomial which fits the given conditions is 3x
2
− 3√2x + 1 .
It is given that and
– 1
α + β = √2 αβ =
3

Now, standard form of quadratic polynomial is given by x

2
− (α + β)x + αβ

2
= x − (α + β)x + αβ

2
– 1
= x − √2x +
3

1 2
–
= (3x − 3√2x + 1)
3

Hence the required quadratic polynomial is 2

–
3x − 3√2x + 1

14. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 7x + 10, and verify the
relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients.
Ans. : We have,
x2 + 7x + 10 = (x + 2)(x + 5)
So, the value of x2 + 7x + 10 is zero when x + 2 = 0 or x + 5 = 0, i.e., when x = – 2 or x
= –5. Therefore, the zeroes of x2 + 7x + 10 are -2 and -5.

Page 4
 Now,

sum of zeroes =
−(7) −( Coefficient of x)
−2 + (−5) = −(7) = = 2
1 Coefficient of x

product of zeroes = (−2) × (−5) = 10 =

10

1
=
Constant term

coefficient of x
2

15. Find the zeroes of the polynomial x2 – 3 and verify the relationship between the
zeroes and the coefficients.

Ans. : Given quadratic equation: x2 - 3

Recall the identity a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b). Using it,
we can write:
2
– –
x − 3 = (x − √3)(x + √3)

So, the value of x2 – 3 is zero when x = or x =

– –
√3 −√3

Therefore, the zeroes of 2

– –
x − 3 are √3 and − √3

Now, the sum of zeroes =

– – −( Coefficient of x)
√3 − √3 = 0 =
2
Coefficient of x

and the product of zeroes =

– – −3 Constant term
(√3)(−√3) = −3 = = 2
1 Coefficient of x

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [6]

16. Find the zeroes of quadratic polynomial 3x2 - x - 4 and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and their coefficients.

Ans. : The quadratic equation is given as: 3x2 – x – 4

(Now we will factorize 1 in such a way that the product of factors is equal to -12
and the sum is equal to 1)
= 3x2 - 4x + 3x - 4
= x(3x - 4) + 1(3x - 4)= (3x – 4 )(x + 1)
The value of 3x2 − x − 4 is zero when 3x − 4 = 0 or x + 1 = 0,
when x =
4

3
or x = −1

Therefore, the zeroes of 3x2 − x − 4 are 4

3
and -1

Sum of zeroes =
−(−1) − coefficient of x
4 1
+ (−1) = = = 2
3 3 3 coefficient of x

Product of zeroes = 4

3
(−1) =
−4

3
=
constant term

coefficient of x
2

Hence verified.
17. Find a quadratic polynomial of the given numbers as the sum and product of its
zeroes respectively. − 1

4
,
1

Ans. : Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c,

and its zeroes be α and β.
Then, α + β = − = − and αβ =
1

4
b

a
1

4
=
c

If a = 4, then b = 1 and c = 1.
So, one quadratic polynomial which fits the given conditions is 4x2 + x + 1.
Aliter,
It given that α+β = −
1

4
and αβ =
1

now, standard form of quadratic polynomial is given by 2

x − (α + β)x + αβ

2
= x − (α + β)x + αβ

2 1 1
= x − (− )x +
4 4

1 2
= (4x + x + 1)
4

Hence the required quadratic polynomial is 4x2 + x + 1

----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 73
CH-03 - MLM (PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES)

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [12]

1. If a pair of linear equations in two variables is inconsistent, then the lines

represented by two equations are
(A) intersecting
(B) parallel
(C) always coincident
(D) intersecting or coincident
Ans. : (b) : When a pair of linear equations is inconsistent, then the lines
represented by two equations are parallel.
2. The pair of equations x = 1 and y = 1 represents
(A) parallel lines
(B) coincident lines
(C) intersecting lines which are perpendicular
(D) intersecting lines but not perpendicular
Ans. : (c) : x = 1 represents a line parallel to y-axis at a distance of 1 unit from y-
axis and y = 1 represents a line parallel to x-axis at a distance of 1 unit from x-axis.
∴ The pair of equations intersect each other at (1, 1) and are perpendicular.
3. The difference between two numbers is 24 and one number is three times the
other number. Find them.
(A) 36,12 (B) 30,10
(C) 40,14 (D) 33,11
Ans. : (a): Let the two numbers be x and y, where x > y . According to the question,
x − y = 24 … (i)

and x = 3y ⇒ x − 3y = 0 … (ii)

Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get 2y = 24 ⇒ y = 12

∴ x = 3y = 3 × 12 = 36

4. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the lines will be

(A) parallel
(B) always coincident
(C) intersecting or coincident
(D) always intersecting

Page 1
 Ans. : (c) : A pair of linear equations is consistent if they are intersecting (one
solution) or coincident (infinite solution).
5. For what value of k, do the equations 3x − y +8 = 0 and 6x − ky = −16 represent
coincident lines?
(A) 1/2 (B) −1/2 (C) 2 (D) -2
Ans. : (c) : Given equations of lines are 3x − y + 8 = 0

and 6x − ky + 16 = 0
These equations represent coincident lines if
a1 b1 c1 3 −1 8 1 1
= = ⇒ = = ⇒ = ⇒ k = 2
a2 b2 c2 6 −k 16 k 2

6. Aruna has only ₹ 1 and ₹ 2 coins with her. If the total number of coins that she
has is 50 and the amount of money with her is ₹ 75, then the number of ₹ 1 and
₹ 2 coins are, respectively
(A) 35 and 15 (B) 35 and 20
(C) 15 and 35 (D) 25 and 25

Ans. : (d) : Let the number of ₹1 coins = x

and number of ₹2 coins = y

According to the question, x + y = 50 … (i)
And, (x × 1) + (y × 2) = 75 ⇒ x + 2y = 75 … (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get y = 75 − 50 = 25
From (i), x + 25 = 50 ⇒ x = 25
7. For what value of k , the equations 3x + y − 8 = 0; −9x − ky = −24 represent
coincident lines?
(A) 0 (B) -3 (C) -1 (D) 3

Ans. : (d): The given system of equations is3x + y − 8 = 0 and − 9x − ky + 24 = 0

For coincident lines,

a1 b1 c1 3 1 −8 1 1 1
= = ⇒ = = ⇒ = =
a2 b2 c2 −9 −k 24 −3 −k −3

⇒ k = 3

8. The following pair of linear equations: x + 3y − 7 = 0, 2x + 6y = 14 have

(A) One solution
(B) Two solutions
(C) No solution
(D) Infinitely many solutions

Ans. : (d): The given pair of linear equations is

x + 3y − 7 = 0 and 2x + 6y − 14 = 0

Here, a1

a2
=
1

2
,
b1

b2
=
3

6
=
1

2
,
c1

c2
=
−7

−14
=
1

Page 2
 Since, a1

a2
=
b1

b2
=
c1

c2

∴ The given pair of linear equations has infinitely many solutions.

9. Find the value of k for which the system of equations kx − y = 4, 10x − 2y = 3 has
no solution.
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 5 (D) None of these
Ans. : (c) : The given system of equations are kx − y − 4 = 0 and 10x − 2y − 3 = 0 .
Here, a = k, b = −1, c = −4 and a = 10, b
1 1 1 2 2 = −2, c2 = −3

The given system will have no solution, if

a1 b1 c1 k −1 −4
= ≠ ⇒ = ≠
a2 b2 c2 10 −2 −3

k −1 10
⇒ = ⇒ k = ⇒ k = 5
10 −2 2

Hence, the given system will have no solution, if k = 5 .

10. Find the value of k for which the system of equations kx + 2y = 5, 3x + y = 1 has a
unique solution.
(A) k ≠ 2 (B) k ≠ 3 (C) k ≠ 6 (D) k = 6
Ans. : (c) : Writing the equations in standard form,
we get
kx + 2y − 5 = 0

3x + y − 1 = 0

For unique solution, we must have

a1 b1 k 2
≠ ⇒ ≠ ⇒ k ≠ 6
a2 b2 3 1

11. The system of equations : x + 2y = 6 , 3x + 6y = 18

(A) is inconsistent
(B) has a unique solution
(C) has infinite number of solutions
(D) None of these

Ans. : (c) : The given system of equations is

x + 2y − 6 = 0, 3x + 6y − 18 = 0

Now, a1

a2
=
1

3
,
b1

b2
=
2

6
=
1

3
and c1

c2
=
−6

−18
=
1

a1 b1 c1
∵ = =
a2 b2 c2

∴ The given system of equations has infinitely many solutions.

12. Find the value of k for which the system of equations, x+y −4 = 0 and
2x + ky − 3 = 0 has no solution.
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

Ans. : (a) : The condition for system of equations to be inconsistent(i.e., no

solution) is

Page 3
 a1 b1 c1 1 1 −4
= ≠ ⇒ = ≠
a2 b2 c2 2 k −3

3
⇒ k = 2 and k ≠ ∴ k = 2
4

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [8]

13. Is the pair of linear equation consistent/inconsistent? If consistent, obtain the

solution graphically: x – y = 8; 3x – 3y = 16
Ans. : x - y = 8.................(1)
3 x - 3 y = 16.............(2)
Here, a 1 = 1, b1 = −1, c1 = −8

a2 = 3, b2 = −3, c2 = −16

We see that a1

a2
=
b1

b2
≠
c1

c2

Hence, the lines represented by the equations(1) and (2) are parallel.
Therefore, equations (1) and ( 2 ) have no solution, i.e., the given pair of linear
equation is inconsistent.
14. Is the pair of linear equation consistent/inconsistent? If consistent, obtain the
solution graphically: 2x – 2y – 2 = 0; 4x – 4y – 5 = 0
Ans. : 2 x - 2 x - 2 = 0................(1)
4 x - 4 y - 5 = 0..................(2)
Here, a 1 = 2, b = −2, c1 = −2

a2 = 4, b2 = −4, c2 = −5

We see that a1

a2
=
b1

b2
≠
c1

c2

Hence, the lines represented by the equations(1) and ( 2 ) are parallel.

Therefore, equations ( 1) and (2) have no solution, i.e., the given pair of a linear
equation is inconsistent.
15. Solve the pair of linear equations by substitution method: 3x – y = 3; 9x – 3y = 9
Ans. : 3x - y = 3
9x - 3y = 9
The given pair of linear equations is
3x - y = 3..............(1)
9x - 3y = 9.............(2)
From equation(1),
y = 3x - 3...................(3)
9x - 3(3x - 3) = 9
⇒ 9x - 9x + 9 = 9
⇒ 9=9
which is true. Therefore, equation (1) and (2) have infinitely many solutions.
16. A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional
charge for each day thereafter. Saritha paid ₹ 27 for a book kept for seven days,

Page 4
 while Susy paid ₹ 21 for the book she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge
and the charge for each extra day. Solve the pair of the linear equation obtained
by the elimination method.
Ans. : Suppose the fixed charge be Rs. x and the extra charge per day be Rs y.
According to the question, Mona paid Rs 27 for a book kept for 7 days,
⇒ x + 4y = 27 ........(i)

Tanvy paid Rs.21 for a book kept for 5 days,

⇒ x + 2y = 21 .........(ii)

Subtracting (ii) from (i),

⇒ 2y = 6

⇒ y = 3

Substituting y = 3 in (ii), we get x = 15

The fixed charge is Rs. 15 and the charge per day is Rs 3.

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [18]

17. The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find
them by substitution method.

Ans. : Let the larger and smaller of two supplementary angles be xo and yo
respectively.
Then, according to the question.
The pair of linear equations formed is
∘ ∘ ∘
x = y + 18

x
0
+y
0
= 180
∘
∵ The two angles and supplementary
Substitute the value of xo from equation (1) in equation (2), we get
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
y + 18 +y = 180

0 ∘ ∘
⇒ 2y + 18 = 180

∘ ∘ ∘
⇒ 2y = 180 − 18

∘
⇒ 2y = 162

∘
∘ 162 ∘
⇒ y = = 81
2

Substituting this value of yo in equation (1), we get

0 ∘ ∘ ∘
x = 81 + 18 = 99

Hence, the larger and smaller of the two supplementary angles are 99o and 81o
respectively.
Verification, Substituting xo = 99o and yo = 81o, we find that both the equations (1)
and (2) are satisfied as shown below:
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
y + 18 = 81 + 18 = 99 = x

0 ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
x +y = 99 + 81 = 180

This verifies the solution.

Page 5
18. If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction
reduces to 1. It becomes if we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the
1

fraction? Solve the pair of the linear equation obtained by the elimination
method.
Ans. : Let the fraction be x

Then, according to the question,

x+1

y−1
= 1 ......(1)
x

y+1
=
1

2
.........(2)
⇒ x + 1 = y - 1 ...........(3)
2x = y + 1................(4)
⇒x - y = - 2................(5)

2x - y = 1......................(^)
Substituting equation (5) from equation (6), we get x =3
Substituting this value of x in equation (5), we get
3 - y = -2
⇒ y = 3 + 2

⇒ y=5
Hence, the required fraction is 3

Verification: Substituting the value of x = 3 and y = 5,

we find that both the equations(1) and ( 2) are satisfied as shown below:
x+1 3+1 4
= = = 1
y−1 5−1 4

x 3 3 1
= = =
y+1 5+1 6 2

Hence, the solution is correct.

19. Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice
as old as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu? Solve the pair of the linear equation
obtained by the elimination method.
Ans. : Let the present age of Nuri and Sonu be x years and y years respectively.
Then, according to the question,
x – 5 = 3(y – 5)
⇒ ​x – 5 = 3y – 15
⇒x – 3y = –10 ............. (1)

x + 10 = 2(y + 10)
​x + 10 = 2y + 20
⇒ ​x – 2y = 10 ------------ (2)
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get
– y= – 20
⇒ ​y = 20
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get
x – 2(20) = 10

Page 6
 ⇒​x – 40 = 10
⇒ x = 40 + 10

⇒ x = 50

Hence, Nuri and Sonu are 50 years and 20 years old respectively at present.
[Link] the value of x = 50 and y = 20,we find that both the
eqations (1) and (2) are satisfied as shown below:
x – 3y = 50 – 3(20) = 50 – 60 = – 10
x – 2y = 50 – 2(20) = 50 – 40=10
Hence,the solution is correct.
20. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is
twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the number. Find the
number. Solve the pair of the linear equation obtained by the elimination
method.
Ans. : Let the unit's digit and the ten's digit in the two-digit number be x and y
respectively.
Then the number = 10y + x
Also, the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits = 10x + y
According to the question,
x + y = 9...............(1)
9(10y + x) = 2(10x + y)
⇒ 90y + 9x = 20x + 2y
⇒ 11x - 88y = 0

⇒ x - 8y = 0 ..............(2)

Subtracting equation(2) from equation(1), we get

9y = 9
9
⇒ y = = 1
9

Substituting this value of y in equation (1), we get

x+1=9
⇒ x = 9−1 = 8

Hence, the required number is 18.

Verification: substituting x = 8 and y = 1,
we find that both the equations (1) and (2) are satisfied as shown below:
x+y=8+1=9
x - 8y = 8 - 8(1) = 0
Hence, the solution is correct.
21. Meena went to a bank to withdraw ₹ 2000. She asked the cashier to give her ₹
50 and ₹ 100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of ₹ 50
and ₹ 100 she received. Solve the pair of the linear equation obtained by the
elimination method.

Page 7
 Ans. : Let the number of ₹ 50 notes and ₹ 100 notes be x and y respectively.
According to given condition,
Meena got 25 notes in all.
⇒ x + y = 25 ...........(i)
and Meena withdraw ₹ 2000.
⇒ 50x + 100y = 2000 ............(ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 50, we obtain:
50x + 50y = 1250 ............. (iii)
Subtracting equation (iii) from equation (ii), we obtain:
(50x + 100y ) - (50x + 50y) = 2000 - 1250
50x + 100y - 50x - 50y = 750
50y = 750
y = 15
Substituting the value of y in equation (i), we obtain:
x = 10
Hence, Meena received 10 notes of ₹ 50 and 15 notes of ₹ 100.
22. Solve the following pair of equations by substitution method:
7x – 15y = 2 ...(1)
x + 2y = 3 ...(2)
Ans. : Step 1: By substitution method, we pick either of the equations and write
one variable in terms of the other.
7x – 15y = 2 ...(1)
and x + 2y = 3 ...(2)
Let us consider the Equation (2):
x + 2y = 3 and write it as x = 3 – 2y ...(3)
Step 2: Now substitute the value of x in Equation (1)
We get 7(3 – 2y) – 15y = 2
i.e., 21 – 14y – 15y = 2
i.e., – 29y = –19
Therefore y = 19

29

Step 3: Substituting this value of y in Equation (3), we get

19 49
x = 3 −2( ) =
29 29

Therefore, the solution is x = 49

29
,y =
19

29

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [35]

23. The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for ₹ 3800. later, she buys 3
bats and 5 balls for ₹ 1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball by
substitution method.
Ans. :

Page 8
 Let the cost of each bat and each ball be Rs.x and Rs. y respectively. Then,
according to the equation, The pair of linear equations formed is
7x + 6y = 3800 ....... (1)
3x + 5y = 1750 ...... (2)
From equation (2), 5y = 1750 - 3x
y =
5
......... (3)
1750−3x

Substitute this value of y in equation (1), we get

1750−3x
7x + 6 ( ) = 3800
5

⇒ 35x + 10500 − 18x = 19000

⇒ 17x + 10500 = 19000

⇒ 17x = 19000 − 10500

⇒ 17x = 8500

8500
⇒ x = = 500
17

Substituting this value of x in equation (3), we get

1750−3(500) 1750−1500 250
y = = = = 50
5 5 5

Hence, the cost of each bat and each ball is Rs.500 and Rs.50 respectively.
Verification,
Substituting x = 500 and y = 50, we find that both the equations (1) and (2) are
satisfied as shown below:
7x + 6y = 7(500) + 6(50)

= 3500 + 300 = 3800

3x + 5y = 3(500) + 5(50)

= 1500 + 250 = 1750 . This verifies the solution.

24. The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for
the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is ₹ 105 and for a
journey of 15 km the charge paid is ₹ 155. What are the fixed charges and the
charge per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a distance
of 25 km? Find them by substitution method.
Ans. :
Let fixed charge be ₹x and the charge per km be ₹y.
For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is ₹105 .
x + 10y = 105 ....(i)
For a journey of 15 km the charge paid is ₹155
x + 15y = 155 .... (ii)
From eqn. (i), x = 105 -10y ...(iii)
On substituting x from eqn. (iii) in eqn. (ii),
105 - 10y + 15y = 155
⇒ 5y = 155 - 105

⇒ 5y = 50
⇒ y = 10
 Put y = 10 in (iii)
x = 105 - 10(10)
⇒ x = 105 - 100
∴ x = 5

Hence, fixed charges = ₹5

Rate per km = ₹10
Amount to be paid for travelling 25 km
= ₹5 + ₹10 × 25
= ₹5 + ₹250
= ₹255
25. A fraction becomes 9
if 2 is added to both numerator and denominator. If 3 is
11

added to both numerator and denominator it becomes 5

6
. Find the fraction by
substitution method.
Ans. :
Let the numerator be x and denominator be y
if 2 is added to both numerator and denominator, the fraction becomes 9

11

x+2 9
=
y+2 11

11(x + 2) = 9( y + 2)
= 11x + 22 = 9y + 18
or, 11x + 22 - 9y - 18 = 0
or, 11 x - 9 y + 4 = 0 ........(i)
If 3 is added to both numerator and denominator the fraction becomes 5

and x+3

y+3
=
5

6(x+3) = 5(y+3)
6x +18 = 5y + 15
or, 6x + 18 - 5y - 15 = 0
or, 6x -5y + 3 = 0 ...(ii)
On comparing with ax + by + c = 0
we get a = 11, b = −9, c = 4
1 1 1

a2 = 6, b2 = −5 and c2 = 3

Now, x y 1
= =
b1 c2 − b2 c1 c1 a2 − c2 a1 a1 b2 − a2 b1

x y
1
= =
(−9)(3)−(−5)(4) (4)(6)−(3)(11) (11)(−5)−(6)−(9)

x y 1
= =
−27+20 24−33 −55+54

x y 1
⇒ = =
−7 −9 −1

x
⇒ = −1
−7

or, x = 7
Hence, x=7, y=9
∴ Fraction = 7

9
26. Five year hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years
ago, Jacob's age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
Solve by substitution method.
Ans. :
Let x (in years) be the present age of Jacob's son and y (in years) be the present
age of Jacob. 5 years hence, it has relation:
(y + 5) = 3(x + 5)
or, y + 5 = 3x + 15
3x + 15 - y - 5 = 0
or, 3 x - y + 10 = 0 .......(i)
5 years ago, it has relation
(y - 5) = 7(x - 5)
y - 5 = 7x - 35
or, 7x - 35 - y + 5 = 0
or, 7 x - y - 3 0 = 0 ....(ii)
From eqn. (i), y = 3x + 10 ....(iii)
On substituting the value of y in eqn. (ii), we get
7x-(3x + 10) - 30 = 0
7x - 3x - 10 - 30 = 0
or, 4x - 40 = 0
or, 4x = 40
x=10
On substituting x = 10 in eqn. (iii),
y = 3 × 10 + 10

y = 30 + 10
∴ y = 40

Hence, the present age of Jacob = 40 years and son's age = 10 years
27. Solve the given pair of linear equation by the elimination method and the
substitution method: x + y = 5 and 2x - 3y = 4
Ans. :
y = 5 .......... (1)
2x - 3y=4 ............. (2)
I. Elimination method:
Multiplying equation (1) by 2, we get equation (3)
2x +2y =10 ............. (3)
2x−3y =4 ........... (2)
Subtracting equation (2) from (3), we get
5y =6 ⇒ y = 6

Putting value of y in (1), we get

x+ 6

5
=5
 ⇒ x =5− 6

5
= 19

Therefore, x = and y = 19

5
6

II. Substitution method:

x +y =5 .......................... (1)
2x−3y =4 ......................... (2)
From equation (1), we get,
x =5−y
Putting this in equation (2), we get
2(5−y )−3y =4
⇒ 10−2y−3y =4
⇒ 5y =6
⇒y= 6

Putting value of y in (1), we get

x =5− =6

5
19

Therefore, x = 19

5
and y = 6

28. Solve the given pair of linear equation by the elimination method and the
substitution method: 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2
Ans. :
1. By Elimination method,
The given system of equation is :
3 x + 4 y = 10 ...................(1)
2 x - 2 y = 2 ...................(2)
Multiplying equation(2) by 2, we get
4 x - 4 y = 4 ...................(2)
Adding equation (1) and equation (3), we get
7 x = 14
14
∴ x = = 2
7

Substituting this value of x in equation (2), we get

2(2) - 2y = 2
⇒ 4 − 2y = 2

⇒ 2y = 4 − 2

⇒ 2y = 2

2
⇒ y = = 1
2

So, the solution of the given system of equation is

x = 2, y = 1
2. By Substitution method,
The given system of equation is:
3 x + 4 y = 10.................(1)
2 x - 2 y = 2....................(2)
From equation(1)
 3x = 10 − 4y

10−4y
x = ( )
3

Put value of x in equation (2),

2x − 2y = 2

10−4y
2( ) − 2y = 2
3

2(10−4y)−2y(3)
= 2
3

20 − 8y − 6y = 6

−14y = −14

y=1
Putting value of y = 1 in equation (2)
2x - 2 = 2
x=2
Therefore, x = 2, y = 1 is the solution.
Verification: Substituting x = 2, y = 1, we find that both the
equation(1) and (2) are satisfied shown below:
3x + 4y = 3(2) + 4(1) = 6 + 4 = 10

2x − 2y = 2(2) − 2(1) = 4 − 2 = 2

Hence, the solution is correct.

29. Solve the given pair of linear equation by the elimination method and the
substitution method: 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7
Ans. :
1. By Elimination method,
The given system of equations is :
3 x - 5 y - 4 = 0............(1)
9x=2y+7
9 x - 2 y - 7 = 0.............(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3, we get
9 x - 15 y - 12 = 0.............(3)
Subtracting equation (3) from equation (2) , we get
13 y + 5 = 0
−5
⇒ 13y = −5 ⇒ y =
13

Substituting this value of y in equation (1), we get

−5
3x − 5 ( ) −4 = 0
13

25 27
⇒ 3x + − 4 = 0 ⇒ 3x − = 0
13 13

27 9
⇒ 3x = ⇒ x =
13 13

So, the solution of the given system of equation is

9 −5
x = ,y =
13 13
2. By Substitution method:
The given system of equation is:
3 x - 5 y - 4 = 0.............(1)
9 x = 2 y + 7...................(2)
From equation (2),
x = ..................(3)
2y+7

Substituting this value of x in equation(1), we get

2y+7
3( ) − 5y − 4 = 0
9

2y+7
⇒ − 5y − 4 = 0
3

⇒ 2y + 7 − 15y − 12 = 0

⇒ -13y - 5 = 0
⇒ 13y = -5
−5
⇒ y =
13

Substituting this value of y in equation(3), we get

−5
10
2( )+7
− +7
​
13 −10+91
13 81 9
x = = = = =
9 9 117 117 13

----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 45
CH-04 - MLM (QUADRATIC EQUATIONS)

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [10]

1. The roots of the equation 8x

2
− 22x − 21 = 0 are
(A) 7

2
,−
3

4
(B) − 7

2
,
3

(C) 3

2
,−
7

4
(D) 5

2
,
3

Ans. : (a): We have, 8x 2

− 22x − 21 = 0

2
⇒ 8x − 28x + 6x − 21 = 0

⇒ 4x(2x − 7) + 3(2x − 7) = 0

⇒ (2x − 7)(4x + 3) = 0 ⇒ 2x − 7 = 0 or 4x + 3 = 0

7 3
⇒ x = or x = −
2 4

Hence, 7

2
and −
3

4
are the roots of the given equation.
2. The roots of the quadratic equation 2x
2
− 3x − 5 = 0 are
(A) both equal
(B) opposite integers
(C) rational and unequal
(D) not real

Ans. : (c) : We have, 2x − 3x − 5 = 0 2

Here, a = 2, b = −3 and c = −5 .
2 2
∴ D = b − 4ac = (−3) − 4(2)(−5)

and 49 is a perfect square also.

= 9 + 40 = 49 > 0

Thus, given equation has rational and unequal roots.

3. Which of the following is a root of the quadratic equation – 2 –
√3x + 10x + 7√3 = 0 ?
– – – –
(A) −√3 (B) √3 (C) 7√3 (D) −7√3

Ans. : (a): We have, √3x

– 2
–
+ 10x + 7√3 = 0

– 2 –
⇒ √3x + 7x + 3x + 7√3 = 0
– – –
⇒ x(√3x + 7) + √3(√3x + 7) = 0
– –
⇒ (√3x + 7)(x + √3) = 0

−7 –
⇒ x = or x = −√3
√3

4. The discriminant of the equation x

2
+ 9x − 13 = 0 is
(A) 157 (B) 141 (C) 133 (D) 129

Page 1
 Ans. : (c): We have, x + 9x − 13 = 0 2

Here, a = 1, b = 9 and c = −13 .

2 2
∴ Discriminant, D = b − 4ac = (9) − 4(1)(−13)

= 81 + 52 = 133

5. Find the roots of the quadratic equation x

2
–
− 3√5x + 10 = 0 .
– – – –
(A) −2√5, √5 (B) 2√5, √5
– – – –
(C) −2√5, −√5 (D) 2√5, −√5

Ans. : (b) : Given, x − 3√5x + 10 = 0 2

–

Using quadratic formula,

2
3 √5± √(−3 √5) −4(1)(10)
3 √5 ± √5
x = =
2(1) 2

4 √5 2 √5
⇒ x = or x =
2 2
– –
⇒ x = 2√5 or x = √5

6. Solve the following quadratic equation for x :

– 2 –
4√3x + 5x − 2√3 = 0

(A) (B)
√3 −2 − √3 −2
, ,
4 √3 4 √3

(C) (D)
√3 − √3
2 2
, ,
4 √3 4 √3

Ans. : (a) : We have, 4√3x

– 2
–
+ 5x − 2√3 = 0

– 2 –
⇒ 4√3x + 8x − 3x − 2√3 = 0
– – –
⇒ 4x(√3x + 2) − √3(√3x + 2) = 0
– –
⇒ (4x − √3)(√3x + 2) = 0

√3 2
∴ x = or x = −
4 √3

7. For what value of t, x =

2
is a root of 7x
2
+ tx − 3 = 0 ?
3

(A) 1

6
(B) − 1

6
(C) 1

5
(D) 1

Ans. : (b) : Since x =

2

3
is a root of 7x
2
+ tx − 3 = 0

2
2 2 28 2t
∴ 7( ) +t( )−3 = 0 ⇒ + −3 = 0
3 3 9 3

2t 1 −1 3 1
⇒ + = 0 ⇒ t = × = −
3 9 9 2 6

8. The roots of the quadratic equation 100x

2
− 20x + 1 = 0 are
(A) 1

10
,
1

10
(B) −10, −10
(C) −10, 1

10

(D) −1

10
,
−1

10

Ans. : (a): We have, 100x 2

− 20x + 1 = 0

2 1 1
⇒ (10x − 1) = 0 ⇒ x = ,
10 10

Page 2
 9. The roots of the quadratic equation 2x
2
−x−6 = 0 are
(A) −2, 3/2 (B) 2, −3/2
(C) −2, −3/2 (D) 2, 3/2

Ans. : (b): We have, 2x 2

−x−6 = 0

2
⇒ 2x − 4x + 3x − 6 = 0

⇒ 2x(x − 2) + 3(x − 2) = 0 ⇒ (x − 2)(2x + 3) = 0

⇒ x − 2 = 0 or 2x + 3 = 0

3
⇒ x = 2 or x = −
2

10. If (x + 4)(x − 4) = 9 , then the values of x are

(A) ±5 (B) ± 1

5
(C) − 1

3
,
1

5
(D) ±4

Ans. : (a): We have, (x + 4)(x − 4) = 9

2 2
⇒ x − 16 = 9 ⇒ x = 25 ⇒ x = ±5

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [35]

11. A train travels 360km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5km/hr
more, it would have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of
the train.

Ans. : Let the Original speed of train be x km/hr, Tnen,

Increased speed of the train =(x + 5) km/hr
Time taken by the train under usual speed to cover 360km =
360

x
hr

Time taken by the train under increased speed to cover 360km

360
= hr
(x+5)

Therefore
360 360
− = 1
x (x+5)

{360(x+5)−360x}
= 1
x(x+5)

360x+1800−360x

2
= 1
x +5x

360x+1800−360x

2
= 1
x +5x

1800 = x2 + 5x

x2 + 5x = 1800 = 0

x2 - 40x + 45x - 1800 = 0

x(x - 40) + 45(x - 40) = 0
(x - 40)(x + 45) = 0
So, either
(x - 40) = 0
x = 40
Or (x + 45) = 0

Page 3
 But, the speed of the train can never be negative.
Hence, the orginal speed of train is x = 40km/hr.

12. A passenger train takes 2 hours less for a journey of 300km if its speed is
increased by 5km/hr from its usual speed. Find the usual speed of the train.
Ans. : Let the usual speed of the train be x km/hr
Distance covered in the journey = 300km
Time taken by the train with usual speed = 300km
=
300

x
hr
x km/hr

Now,
If the speed is increased by 5km/hr, the train taken 2 hours less for the same journey
Speed of the after increasing = (x + 5) km/hr
And time taken by the train after increasing the speed = 300km

x+5 km/hr
=
300

x+5
hr

We have,
300 300
hr − hr = 2hr
x x+5

1 1
⇒ 300( − ) = 2
x x+5

x+5−x
⇒ 300( ) = 2
x(x+5)

⇒ 300 (5) = 2(x(x + 5))

⇒ 750 = x2 + 5x

⇒ x2 + 5x - 750 = 0

⇒ x2 + 30x - 25x + (30 × -25) = 0

⇒ (x + 30) (x - 25) = 0
⇒ x + 30 = or x - 25 = 0
⇒ x = -30 or x = 25
Since, speed cannot be negative, So x = 25
∴ The usual speed of the train = 25km/hr

13. Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization:

3 4 29 1
+ = , x ≠ −1, −1,
x+1 x−1 4x−1 4

Ans. : 3

x+1
+
x−1
4
=
29

4x−1

3x−3+4x+4 29
2
=
(x −1) 4x−1

7x+1 29
⇒ 2
=
x −1 4x−1

⇒ (7x + 1)(4x - 1) = 29(x2 - 1)

⇒ 28x2 - 7x + 4x - 1 = 29x2 - 29

⇒ 29x2 - 29 - 28x2 + 7x - 4x + 1 = 0

⇒ x2 + 3x - 28 = 0
∵ −28 = 7 × (−4)
{ }
3 = 7−4

Page 4
 ⇒ x2 + 7x - 4x - 28 = 0
⇒ x(x + 7) - 4(x + 7) = 0
⇒ (x + 7)(x - 4) = 0
Either x + 7 = 0, then x = -7
or x - 4 = 0, then x = 4
∴ x = 4, -7

14. A train, travelling at a uniform speed for 360km, would have taken 48
minutes less to travel the same distance if its speed were 5km/hr more. Find
the original speed of the train.

Ans. : Let the original speed of the train = x km/h

Then, the increased speed of the train = (x + 5) km/h [by given condition]
and distance = 360km
According to the question,
360 360 4
− =
x x+5 5

Distance
∵ Time =
Speed
[ ]
48 4
and 48 min = h = h
60 5

360(x+5)−360x
4
⇒ =
x(x+5) 5

48
∵ 48 min = h
60
[ ]
4
= h
5

360x+1800−360x 4
⇒ 2
=
x +5x 5

1800 4
⇒ 2
=
x +5x 5

2 1800×5
⇒ x + 5x =
4

= 2250
2
⇒ x + 5x − 2250 = 0

2
⇒ x + (50x − 45x) − 2250 = 0

⇒ x
2
+ 50x − 45x − 2250 = 0 [by factoris method]
⇒ x(x + 50) − 45(x + 50) = 0

⇒ (x + 50)(x − 45) = 0

Now, x + 50 = 0
⇒ x = −50

Which is not possible because speed cannot be negative

and x − 45 = 0
⇒ x = 45

Hence, the original speed of the train = 45km/h

15. Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization:

1 2 8
+ = , x ≠ 0, 2, 3
x−3 x−2 x
 Ans. : 1

x−3
+
x−2
2
=
8

(x−2)+2(x−3)
8
⇒ =
(x−3)(x−2) x

x−2+2x−6 8
⇒ 2
=
x −2x−3x+6 x

3x−8 8
⇒ =
2
x −5x+6 x

⇒ x(3x - 8) = 8(x2 - 5x + 6)

⇒ 3x2 - 8x = 8x2 - 40x + 48

⇒ 5x2 - 32x + 48 = 0

⇒ 5x2 - 20x - 12x + 48 = 0

⇒ 5x(x - 4) - 12(x - 4) = 0
⇒ (5x - 12)(x - 4) = 0
⇒ 5x - 12 = 0 or x - 4 = 0
or x = 4
12
⇒ x =
5

Hence, the factors 4 and

12

16. Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization:

x+3 1−x 17
− =
x−2 x 4

Ans. : We have,
x+3 1−x 17
− =
x−2 x 4

x(x+3)−(x−2)(1−x)
17
⇒ =
x(x−2) 4

2 2
x +3x−(x− x −2+2x)
17
⇒ 2
=
x −2x 4

2 2
x +3x−x+ x +2−2x 17
⇒ 2
=
x −2x 4

2
2 x +2 17
⇒ 2
=
x −2x 4

⇒ 4(2x2 + 2) = 17(x2 - 2x)

⇒ 8x2 + 8 = 17x2 - 34x

⇒ 8x2 + 8 = 17x2 - 34x

⇒ (17 - 8)x2 - 34x - 8 = 0

⇒ 9x2 - 34x - 8 = 0
[9 × -8 = -72 ⇒ -72 = 36 × 2 and -34 = -36 + 2]

⇒ 9x2 - 36x + 2x - 8 = 0
⇒ 9x(x - 4) + 2(x - 4) = 0
⇒ (x - 4)(9x + 2) = 0
⇒ (x - 4) = 0 or 9x + 2 = 0
⇒ x = 4 or
−8
x =
2

x = 4 and x = are the two roots of the given equation.

−8
∴
2
17. An express train takes 1 hour less than a passenger train to travel 132km
between Mysore and Bangalore (without taking into consideration the time
they stop at intermediate stations). If the average speed of the express train
is 11km/hr more than that of the passenger train, find the average speed of
two trains.

Ans. : Let the speed of the passenger train be x km/hr

Given that the average speed of the express train is 11km/hr more than that of
passenger train.
Average speed of express train = (x + 11) km/hr
Now,
Time taken by passenger train =
132km 132
= hr
x km/hr x

And time taken by the espess trian = 132km

=
132

x+11
hr
(x+11) km/hr

Given that, express trian taken 1 hour less that of passenger train to reach the desiny;
132 132
⇒ hr − hr = 1hr
x x++11

1 1
⇒ 132( − ) = 1
x x+11

x+11−x
⇒ 132( ) = 1
x(x+11)

⇒ 132 × 11 = x(x + 11) × 1

⇒ x2 + 11x - 1452 = 0

⇒ x2 + (44x - 33x) +(44 × - 33) = 0

⇒ x2 + 44x - 33x + (44 × - 33) = 0

⇒ x(x + 44) - 33(x + 44) = 0
⇒ (x + 44)(x - 33) = 0
⇒ x = -44 or x = 33
Since speed cannot be in negative values. So, x = 33
∴ Average speed of the slower trian i.e., passenger trian = 33km/hr
And average speed of express train = (x + 11) km/hr = (33 + 11) km/hr = 44km/hr.

----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 34
CH-05 - MLM (ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS)

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [10]

1. Find the sixteenth term of the A.P. −10, −6, −2, 2, …

(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 40 (D) 50
Ans. : (d) : We have, a = −10, d = −6 + 10 = 4
∴ a16 = a + 15d = −10 + 15 × 4 = 50

2. Determine the A.P. whose 3

rd
term is 5 and the 7
th
term is 9 .
(A) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, … (B) 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, …
(C) −1, 2, 5, 8, … (D) None of these

Ans. : (b) : We have,

a3 = a + (3 − 1)d = a + 2d = 5 … (i)

and a7 = a + (7 − 1)d = a + 6d = 9 … (ii)

Solving the pair of linear equations (1) and (2), we get a = 3, d = 1

Hence, the required A.P. is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, … …

3. The number of terms in the A.P. 3, 6, 9, 12, … , 111 is
(A) 25 (B) 40 (C) 37 (D) 30
Ans. : (c) : A.P. is 3, 6, 9, … . , 111
Here, a = 3, d = 6 − 3 = 3
an = a + (n − 1)d ⇒ 111 = 3 + (n − 1)3

⇒ 108 = 3(n − 1) ⇒ n − 1 = 36 ⇒ n = 37

4. Find how many terms are there in the A.P. 16, 24, 32, … … , 96 .
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 14

Ans. : (b) : Here a = 16, d = 24 − 16 = 8 and last term = 96 .

⇒ l = 96

⇒ a + (n − 1)d = 96 ⇒ 16 + (n − 1)8 = 96

⇒ (n − 1)8 = 80 ⇒ n − 1 = 10 ⇒ n = 11

So there are 11 terms in the A.P.

5. Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8.
(A) 840 (B) 1020
(C) 960 (D) 920
Ans. : (c) : Multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, 32, …

It forms an A.P.

Page 1
 Here, a = d = 8
15 n
∴ S15 = [2 × 8 + (15 − 1)8] [∵ Sn = (2a + (n − 1)d)]
2 2
15 15
= [16 + 112] = × 128 = 15 × 64 = 960
2 2

6. (5 + 13 + 21 + .... + 181) = ?
a. 2476
b. 2337
c. 2219
d. 2139
Ans. :
d. 2139
Solution
Let a be the term and d be the common difference.
5 + 13 + 21 +... + 181
a = 5 and d = 13 - 5 = 8
a n = a + (n -1)d

⇒ 181 = 5 + (n -1)8
⇒ 176 = 8n - 8
⇒ 8n = 184
⇒ n = 23
[frist term + last term]
23
Sn =
2

23
⇒ Sn = [5 + 181]
2

23
⇒ Sn = [186]
2

⇒ Sn = 2139

So, the sum is 2139.

7. Which term of the AP 21, 42, 63, 84, .... is the 210?

a. 9th
b. 10th
c. 11th
d. 12th
Ans. :
b. 10th
Solution:
The given AP is 21, 42, 63, 84, .....
a = 21 and d = 42 - 21 = 21
a n = a + (n - 1)d

Page 2
 ⇒ 210 = 21 + (n -1)(21)
⇒ 210 = 21 + 21n - 21
⇒ 210 = 21n
⇒ n = 10

So, the 10th term will be 210.

8. Which term of the AP 25, 20, 15,....is the first negative term?

a. 10th
b. 9th
c. 8th
d. 7th
Ans. :
d. 7th
Solution:
The given AP is 25, 20, 15, .....
a = 25 and d = 20 - 25 = -5
a n = a + (n - 1)d < 0
⇒ 25 + (n - 1)(-5) < 0
⇒ 5 - (n - 1) < 0
⇒5-n+1<0
⇒6<0

So, the frist negative term will be the 7th term.

9. Which term of the AP 72, 63 54, ....is 0?

a. 8th
b. 9th
c. 10th
d. 11th
Ans. :
b. 9th
Solution:
The given AP is 72, 63, 54, .....
a = 72 and d = 63 - 72 = -9
a n = a + (n - 1)d

⇒ 0 = 72 + (n -1)(-9)
⇒ -72 = (n - 1)(-9)
⇒8=n-1

Page 3
 ⇒n=9

So, the 9th term is 0.

10. What is 20th term from the end of the AP 3, 8, 13, ..., 253?

a. 163
b. 158
c. 153
d. 148
Ans. :
b. 158
Solution:
The given AP is 3, 8, 13, ....., 248, 253
So, cinsider the AP to be 253, 248,...., 13, 8, 3
a = 253 and d = 248 - 253 = -5
a n = a + (n - 1)d
⇒ a 20 = 253 + 19(-5)

⇒ a 20 = 253 - 95

⇒ a 20 = 158

So, the 20th term will be 158.

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [8]

11. How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 7?

Ans. : All 3-digit numbers divisible by 7 are
105,112,119, ...,994.
Clearly, these numbers form an AP with a = 105, d = (112-105) = 7 and l = 994.
Let it contain n terms. Then,
Tn = 994 ⇒ a + (n-1)d = 994
⇒ 105 + (n -1) 7 = 994
⇒ 98 + 7n = 994 ⟹ 7n = 896 ⇒ n = 128.
Hence, there are 128 three-digit numbers divisible by 7.
12. Determine the AP whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds the 5th term
by 12.
Ans. : a3 = 16
⇒ a + 2d = 16 ..... (i)

a7 = a5 + 12
⇒ a + 6d = a + 4d + 12

⇒ 2d = 12
⇒ d=6

Page 4
 Put the value of d in eq. (i)
a + 2 × 6 = 16

⇒ a = 16 - 12
⇒ a=4
4, 10, 16....
13. Find the sum of an AP given as: 2, 7, 12,... upto 10 terms.
Ans. : Here, a = 2, d = 5 and n = 10
Sum of n terms can be given as follows:
n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2

10
S10 = [2 × 2 + (10 − 1)5]
2

= 5(4 + 45)
= 5 × 49

= 245
Thus, the sum of the 10 terms of given AP, (S10) = 25

14. How many terms of the given AP: 24, 21, 18, . . . must be taken so that their sum
becomes 78?
Ans. : Here it is given that a = 24, d = 21 – 24 = –3, Sn = 78, We need to find n.
We know that S = [2a + (n − 1)d]
n
n

So,78 = n

2
[48 + (n − 1)(−3)] =
n

2
[51 − 3n]

or 3n2 – 51n + 156 = 0

n2 – 17n + 52 = 0
(n – 4)(n – 13) = 0
n = 4 or 13
Both values of n are admissible. So, the number of terms is either 4 or 13

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [6]

15. In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the school to
reduce air pollution. It was decided that the number of trees, that each section
of each class will plant, will be the same as the class, in which they are studying,
e.g., a section of Class I will plant 1 tree, a section of Class II will plant 2 trees
and so on till Class XII. There are three sections of each class. How many trees
will be planted by the students?
Ans. :
Since each section of each class plants the same number of trees as the class
number and there are three sections of each class.
Three sections of class I will plant = 1 × 3 = 3
Three sections of class II will plant = 2 × 3 = 6
Three sections of class III will plant = 3 × 3 = 9 and so on.
Three sections of class XII will plant = 12 × 3 = 36
 So, we get an A .P. 3, 6, 9, ..., 36.
Here a = 3 and d = 6 -3 = 3
an = 36
We know that, an = a +(n -1) d
3 + (n - 1) 3 = 36
(n - 1) 3 = 33
(n - 1) = 11
n = 11+ 1
n = 12
Sn =
n

2
(a1 + an ) =
12

2
(3 + 36) = 234

16. A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay of completion

beyond a certain date as follows:
₹ 200 for the first day, ₹ 250 for the second day, ₹ 300 for the third day, etc; the
penalty for each succeeding day being ₹50 more than for the preceding day.
How much does a delay of 30 days cost the contractor?
Ans. :
Since the penalty for each succeeding day is ₹ 50 more than for the preceding day.
Therefore, amount of penalty for different days forms an A.P. with first term a =
200 and common difference d = 250 - 200= 50.
We have to find how much does a delay of 30 days cost the contractor.
In other words, we have to find the sum of 30 terms of the A.P.
n = 30, a = 200 and d= 50
∴ Required sum =
30

2
{2 × 200 + (30 − 1) × 50} [∵ Sn =
n

2
[2a + (n − 1)d]]

⇒ Required sum = 15 (400 + 29 × 50)

⇒ Required sum = 15 (400 + 1450)
⇒ Required sum = 15 × 1850 = 27750
Thus, a delay of 30 days will cost the contractor of ₹ 27750.

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [10]

17. A sum of ₹ 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a school
for their overall academic performance. If, each prize is ₹ 20 less than its
preceding term, find the value of each of the prizes.
Ans. :
It is given that the sum of seven cash prizes is equal to ₹ 700.
And, each prize is ₹ 20 less than its preceding term.
Let the value of first prize = ₹ a
Let the value of second prize =₹ (a−20)
Let the value of third prize = ₹ (a−40)
So, we have a sequence of the form:
a, a−20, a−40, ...................
 It is an arithmetic progression because the difference between consecutive terms
is constant.
First term = a, Common difference = d = (a − 20) − a= −20
n = 7 (Because there are total of seven prizes)
S7 = ₹ 700 {given}
Applying formula, S n =
n

2
[2a + (n − 1)d] to find sum of n terms of AP, we get
7
S7 = [2a + (7 − 1)(−20)]
2

7
⇒ 700 = [2a − 120]
2

⇒ 200 = 2a− 120

⇒ 320 = 2a
⇒ a =160
Therefore, value of first prize = ₹ 160
Value of second prize = 160 - 20= ₹ 140
Value of third prize = 140 - 20= ₹ 120
Value of fourth prize = 120 - 20 = ₹ 100
Value of fifth prize = 100 - 20 = ₹ 80
Value of sixth prize = 80 - 20 = ₹ 60
Value of seventh prize = 60 - 20 = ₹ 40
18. 200 logs are stacked in the following manner: 20 logs in the bottom row, 19 in
the next row, 18 in the row next to it and so on (see Fig.). In how many rows are
the 200 logs placed and how many logs are in the top row?

Ans. : Self Learning

----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 23
CH-06 - MLM (TRIANGLES)

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [10]

1. Two polygons having same number of sides are similar, if

(A) their corresponding sides are proportional
(B) their corresponding angles are equal
(C) both (a) and (b)
(D) none of these
Ans. : (c) : both (a) and (b)
2. If △ABC ∼ △P QR , then what are the values of x and y ?

(A) 21

4
,
15

2
(B) 15

2
,
17

(C) 21

2
,
15

4
(D) None of these

Ans. : (a) : Since, △ABC ∼ △P QR

AB BC 12 7 7×9 21
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ x = =
PQ QR 9 x 12 4

Also, AB

PQ
=
AC

PR
⇒
12

9
=
10

y
⇒ y = 10 ×
9

12
=
15

3. In the given figure, △ACB ∼ △AP Q . If AB = 6 cm, BC = 8cm and P Q = 4cm , then
AQ is equal to

(A) 2cm
(B) 2.5cm
(C) 3cm
(D) 3.5cm
Ans. : (c) : Given, △ACB ∼ △AP Q
BC AB 8 6 6×4
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ AQ =
PQ AQ 4 AQ 8

⇒ AQ = 3cm

Page 1
4. In the given figure, if P Q∥BC . Find AQ .

(A) 3.5cm
(B) 4.5cm
(C) 9cm
(D) 9.5cm

Ans. : (b): In , we have (By Thales theorem)

AQ AP
△ABC P Q∥BC ⇒ =
QC PB

AQ 3 9
⇒ = ⇒ AQ = = 4.5cm
3 2 2

5. In the given figure, DE∥AB, AD = 2x , DC = x + 3, BE = 2x − 1 and CE = x . Then,

find the value of x.

(A) 5/3 (B) 3/5 (C) 3/2 (D) 2/3

(b) : In △ABC, DE∥AB

CD CE
∴ =
DA EB

Ans. : ⇒
x+3

2x
=
2x−1
x
⇒ (x + 3)(2x − 1) = (2x)(x)

2 2
⇒ 2x − x + 6x − 3 = 2x

⇒ 5x − 3 = 0 ⇒ x = 3/5

6. In the given figure, BA∥QR, and CA∥SR .

Then,
QB
=
BP

(A) AB

AC
(B) AP

RA

(C) SC

CP

(D) PC

SC

Page 2
 Ans. : (c) : In △P RQ, AB||RQ

(By Thales theorem)… (i)

QB RA
∴ =
BP AP

In △P RS, CA||SR

∴
RA

AP
=
SC

CP
(By Thales theorem)… (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we have
QB SC
=
BP CP

7. In the given figure, find ∠F .

(A) 60 ∘
(B) 80 ∘
(C) 40 ∘
(D) 100 ∘

Ans. : (a) : In triangles ABC and DF E , we have

AB 3.8 1 BC 6 1 CA 3 √3 1
= = , = = , = =
DF 7.6 2 FE 12 2 ED 6 √3 2

∴ △ABC ∼ △DF E (By SSS similarity criterion)

⇒ ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠F and ∠C = ∠E

(Corresponding angles of similar triangles)

∘
Hence, ∠F = 60

8. In given figure, P Q∥BC. Find AB (in cm).

(A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 6

(d) : Given, P Q||AC

AP AQ
∴ = (ByT halestheorem)
Ans. : BP CQ

2.4 2 2.4×3
⇒ = ⇒ BP = = 3.6cm
BP 3 2

AB = AP + BP = 2.4 + 3.6 = 6cm

9. In the adjoining figure, DE∥BC . If AD = 3.4cm, AB = 8.5cm and AC = 13.5cm , find

AE .

(A) 5.4cm (B) 4.8cm

Page 3
 (C) 5.8cm (D) 3.5cm

Ans. : (a) : Since DE∥BC , so we have AD

AB
=
AE

AC

3.4 AE 3.4×13.5
∴ = ⇒ AE =
8.5 13.5 8.5

⇒ AE = 5.4cm

10. In △LM N , P Q∥M N such that LP = 2cm and P M = 6cm . Also M N = 20cm . Find
PQ (in cm).

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

Ans. : (d): In △LP Q and △LM N , ∠L is common and

∠LP Q = ∠LM N (Corresponding angles).

∴ △LP Q ∼ △LM N (By AA similarity criterion)

LP PQ 2 PQ
∴ = ⇒ =
LM MN (2+6) 20

2
⇒ PQ = × 20 ⇒ P Q = 5cm
8

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [8]

11. In the given figure, LM ∥CB and LN∥CD . Prove that AM

=
AN
.
AB AD

Ans. :
According to question it is given that In △ALM , LM ∥CB
AB AC
∴ =
AM AL

Therefore, by Thales' theorem

⇒
AM

AB
=
AL

AC
..........(i)
In △ALN , LN ∥CD
AC AD
∴ =
AL AN

Therefore by Thales theorem

⇒
AL

AC
=
AN

AD
...........(ii)
From (i) and (ii) we get
AM AN
=
AB AD

Page 4
12. In figure DE || AC and DF || AE. Prove that BF
=
BE

FE EC

Ans. :
In △ABE, we have DF ||AE, then
BD

AD
=
BF

FE
[By BPT] ...... (i)
In △ABC, we have DE||AC, then
BD

AD
= [By BPT] ...... (2)
BE

EC

From (i) and (2), We get

BF BE
=
FE EC

13. In figure, DE || OQ and DF || OR. Show that EF || QR.

Ans. :
In △P QO ∵ DE||OQ

∴
PD

DO
=
PE

EQ
....... (1) [By basic proportionality theorem]
In △P RO ∵ DF ||OR

∴
PD

DO
=
PF

FR
....... (2) [By basic proportionality theorem]
from (1) and (2), PE

EQ
=
PF

FR

∴ EF ||QR ...... [By converse of basic proportionality theorem]

14. In figure A, B and C are points on OP, OQ and OR respectively such that AB ||
PQ and AC || PR. Show that BC || QR.

Ans. :
In △OP Q,∵ AB||P Q

∴
OA

AP
=
OB

BQ
......(1)
By basic proportionality theorem
In △OP R, ∵ AV ||P R
 ∴
OA

AP
=
OC

CR
.......[By basic proportionality theorem]
From (1) and (2)
OB OC
=
BQ OR

∴ BC||QR ......[By converse basic proportionality theorem]

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [5]

15. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two
sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Ans. :
Proof: We are given a triangle ABC in which a line parallel to side BC intersects
other two sides AB and AC at D and E respectively (see Fig. 6.10).
We need to prove that = . AD

DB
AE

EC

Let us join BE and CD and then draw DM ⊥ AC and EN ⊥ AB .

Now, area of △ADE (=
1

2
base × height )=
1

2
AD × EN .
Recall from Class IX, that area of △ADE is denoted as ar(ADE) .
So,
1
ar(ADE) = AD × EN
2

Similarly,
1
ar(BDE) = DB × EN ,
2

1 1
ar(ADE) = AE × DM and ar(DEC) = EC × DM .
2 2

Therefore,
1
AD×EN
ar(ADE) 2 AD
= 1
=
ar(BDE) DB
DB×EN
2

and
1
ar(ADE) AE×DM
2 AE
= 1
=
ar(DEC) EC
EC×DM
2

Note that △BDE and DEC are on the same base DE and between the same
parallels BC and DE .
So,
ar(BDE) = ar(DEC)

Therefore, from (1), (2) and (3), we have :

AD AE
=
DB EC

Is the converse of this theorem also true (For the meaning of converse, see
Appendix 1)? To examine this, let us perform the following activity:
----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 42
CH-07 - MLM (COORDINATE GEOMETRY)

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [10]

1. The distance of P(3, 4) from the x-axis is:

a. 3 units
b. 4 units
c. 5 units
d. 1 units
Ans. :
b. 4 units
Solution:
The distance of the point P(3, 4) is given by the y-coordinate of the points P.
So, the distance = 4 units.

2. In what ratio does the y-axis divide the join of P(-4, 2) and Q(8, 3)?
a. 3:1
b. 1:3
c. 2:1
d. 1:2
Ans. :
d. 1:2
Solution:
Let the y-axis cut AB at the point P(0, y) in the ratio k : 1.
Then, using section formula, we get
8k−4
= 0
k+1

⇒ 8k − 4 = 0

1
⇒ k =
2

So, the required ratio is 1

2
: 1, that is 1 : 2.

3. The mid-point of segment AB is P(0, 4). If the coordinates of B are (-2, 3),
then the coordinates of A are:
a. (2, 5)
b. (-2, -5)
c. (2, 9)
d. (-2, 11)
Ans. :
a. (2, 5)

Page 1
 Solution:
Let the mid-point of A be (x, y).
P(0, 4) is given to be mid-point AB.
Using the mid-point formula, we get
−2+x 3+y
(0, 4) = ( , )
2 2

3+y
and 4 =
−2+x
⇒ 0 =
2 2

⇒ -2 + x = 0 and 3 + y = 8
⇒ x = 2 and y = 5
So, the coordinates of A are (2, 5).

4. The distance of the point (-3, 4) from x-axis is:

a. 3
b. -3
c. 4
d. 5
Ans. :
c. 4
Solution:
The distance of the point P(-3, 4) from the x-axis
= Y-coordinate of the point
= 4 units

5. The distance of the point P(-6, 8) from the origin is:

a. 8

b.
–
2√7

c. 6

d. 10

Ans. :
d. 10

Solution:
The distance of the point P(-6, 8) from the orgin (0, 0)
−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= √(−6) + 8

−−−−−−
= √36 + 36

−−−
= √100

= 10 units

6. The point on x-axis which is equidistant from points A(-1, 0) and B(5, 0) is:
a. (0, 2)
b. (2, 0)

Page 2
 c. (3, 0)
d. (0, 3)
Ans. :
b. (2, 0)
Solution:
Since the point lies on the x-axis, let the point be P
and its coordinates be (x, 0).
Given that the point is equidistant from the points A and B.
⇒ PA = PB

−−−−− −− −−−−− −−
⇒ √(x + 1)2 = √(x − 5)2

2 2
⇒ (x + 1) = (x − 5)

2 2
⇒ x + 2x + 1 = x − 10x + 25

⇒ 2x + 1 = −10x + 25

⇒ 12x = 24

⇒ x = 2

Hence, the point is (2,0).

7. In what ratio does the x-axis divide the join of A(2, -3) and B(5, 6)?
a. 2:3
b. 3:5
c. 1:2
d. 2:1
Ans. :
c. 1:2
Solution:
Let the x-axis cut AB at the point P(x, 0) in the ratio k : 1.
Then, using section formula, we get
6k−3
= 0
k+1

⇒ 6k − 3 = 0

1
⇒ k =
2

So, the required ratio is that is 1 : 2.

1
: 1,
2

8. If R(5, 6) is the mid-point of the line segment AB joining the points A(6, 5) and
B(4, 4), the y equals.
a. 5
b. 7
c. 12
d. 6
Ans. :

Page 3
 b. 7
Solution:
Given that R is the mid-point of the line segment AB.
5+y
The y-coordinate of R =
2

5+y
⇒ 6 =
2

⇒ 12 = 5 + y

⇒ y = 7

9. Which point on x-axis is equidistant from the points A(7, 6) and B(-3, 4)?
a. (0, 4)
b. (-4, 0)
c. (3, 0)
d. (0, 3)
Ans. :
c. (3, 0)
Solution:
Let the coordinates of the point be P(x, 0)
Since the point lies on the x-axis. P is equidistant from A(7, 6) and B(-3, 4)
Using the distance from, we get

AP2 = BP2

⇒ (7 - x)2 + (6 - 0)2 = (-3 - x)2 + (4 - 0)2

⇒ 49 - 14x + x2 + 36 = 9 + 6x + x2 + 16
⇒ 85 - 14x = 6x + 25
⇒ 20x = 60
⇒x=3
Thus, the point (3, 0).

10. ABCD is a rectangle whose three vertices are B(4, 0), C(4, 3) and D(0, 3). The
length of one of its diagonal is:
a. 5
b. 4
c. 3
d. 25
Ans. :
a. 5
Solution:

Page 4
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
The length of the diagonal BD 2
= √(4 − 0) + (0 − 3)
2

−−−−−
= √16 + 9

= 5 units

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [10]

11. Determine if the points (1, 5), (2, 3) and (-2, -11) are collinear.
Ans. :

The points of trisection means that the points which divide the line into three equal
parts. From the figure, it is clear that C, and D are these two points. Let C (x1, y1)
and D (x2, y2) are the points of trisection of the line segment joining the given
points i.e., BC = CD = DA
Let BC = CD = DA = k, Point C divides BC and CA as: BC = kCA = CD + DA = k + k = 2k
Hence the ratio between BC and CA is: = =
BC

CA
k

2k
1

Therefore, point C divides BA internally in the ratio 1:2 then by section formula we
have that if a point P(x, y) divides two points P (x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2) in the ratio

m:n then, the point (x, y) is given by mx 2 + nx 1 my 2 + ny 1

(x, y) = ( , )
m+n m+n

Therefore C(x, y) divides B(–2, –3) and A(4,–1) in the ratio 1:2, then
(1×4)+(2×−2) (1×−1)+(2×−3)
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

4−4 −1−6
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

−7
C(x, y) = (0, )
3

Point D divides the BD and DA as:DA = kBD = BC + CD = k + k = 2k

Hence the ratio between BD and DA is: BD

DA
=
2k

k
=
2

The point D divides the line BA in the ratio 2:1

So now applying section formula again we get,
(2×4)+(1×−2) (2×−1)+(1×−3)
D(x, y) = ( , )
2+1 2+1

8−2 −2−3
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

6 −5
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

−5
D(x, y) = (2, )
3

Page 5
12. If (1, 2), (4, y), (x, 6) and (3, 5) are the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order,
find x and y.
Ans. : Let A → (1, 2), B → (4, y), C→ (x, 6) and D→ (3, 5).
We know that the diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other.
So, Coordinates of the mid-point of diagonal AC
= Coordinates of the mid-point of diagonal BD
1+x 2+6 4+3 y+5
⇒ ( , ) = ( , )
2 2 2 2

1+x 7 y+5
⇒ ( , 4) = ( , )
2 2 2

1+x 7
⇒ =
2 2

⇒ 1+x=7
⇒ x=6
and
y+5
4 =
2

⇒ y+5=8
⇒ y=3
13. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is the diameter of a circle whose
centre is (2, -3) and B is (1, 4).
Ans. : We want to find coordinates of point A. AB is the diameter and coordinates
of centerare (2, -3) and, coordinates of point B are (1, 4).
Let coordinates of point A are (x, y). Using section formula, we get
x+1
2 =
2

⇒4=x+1
⇒x=3
Using section formula, we get
4+y
−3 =
2

⇒ 4 + y = −6
⇒ y =− 6 − 4 = −10
Therefore, Coordinates of point A are (3, −10).
14. If A and B are (-2, -2) and (2, -4) respectively, find the coordinates of P such that
AP = 3

7
AB and P lies on the line segment AB.
Ans. : A = (-2, -2) and B=(2, -4)
It is given that AP= 3

7
AB
PB = AB - AP = AB − AB = 3

7
4

7
AB
So, we have AP:PB = 3:4
Let coordinates of P be (x, y)
Using Section formula to find coordinates of P, we get
(−2)×4+2×3 6−8 −2
x = = =
3+4 7 7
 (−2)×4+(−4)×3 −8−12 −20
y = = =
3+4 7 7

Therefore, Coordinates of point P are (

−2

7
,
−20

7
) .

15. Find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points A(6, 5) and B (- 4,
3).
Ans. : We have to find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points
A(6, 5) and B (- 4, 3).
We know that a point on y-axis is of the form (0, y). So, let the required point be P
(0, y).
Then,
PA = PB
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
⇒ √(0 − 6) + (y − 5) = √(0 + 4) + (y − 3)

⇒ 36 + (y - 5)2 = 16 + (y - 3)2
⇒ 36 + y2 - 10y + 25 = 16 + y2 - 6y + 9
⇒ 4y = 36
⇒ y=9
So, the required point is (0, 9).

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [12]

16. Name the type of quadrilateral formed, if any, by the points (-1, -2), (1, 0), (-1, 2),
(-3, 0), and give a reason for your answer.
Ans. : (-1, -2), (1, 0), (-1, 2), (-3, 0)
Let A → (-1, -2), B → (1, 0)
C → (-1, 2) and D → (-3, 0)
Then,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
AB = √[1 − (−1)]2 + [0 − (−2)]

−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− – –
= √(2) + (2) = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BC = √(−1 − 1) + (2 − 0)

−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− – –
= √(−2) + (2) = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
2
CD = √[(−3) − (−1)] + (0 − 2)

−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− – –
= √(−2) + (−2) = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
DA = √[(−1) − (−3)] + (−2 − 0)

−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− – –
= √(2) + (−2) = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
2
AC = √[(−1) − (−1)] + [(2) − (−2)] = 4
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
BD = √[(−3) − (1)]2 + (0 − 0) = 4

Since AB = BC = CD = DA (i.e., all the four sides of the quadrilateral ABCD are equal)
and AC = BD (i.e. diagonals of the quadrilateral ABCD are equal). Therefore, ABCD is
a square.
17. Name the type of quadrilateral formed, if any, by the points (-3, 5), (3, 1), (0, 3),
(-1, -4), and give a reason for your answer.
Ans. :

The points of trisection means that the points which divide the line into three equal
parts. From the figure, it is clear that C, and D are these two points. Let C (x1, y1)
and D (x2, y2) are the points of trisection of the line segment joining the given
points i.e., BC = CD = DA
Let BC = CD = DA = k, Point C divides BC and CA as: BC = kCA = CD + DA = k + k = 2k
Hence the ratio between BC and CA is: BC

CA
=
k

2k
=
1

Therefore, point C divides BA internally in the ratio 1:2 then by section formula we
have that if a point P(x, y) divides two points P (x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2) in the ratio

m:n then, the point (x, y) is given by mx 2 + nx 1 my + ny

2 1
(x, y) = ( , )
m+n m+n

Therefore C(x, y) divides B(–2, –3) and A(4,–1) in the ratio 1:2, then
(1×4)+(2×−2) (1×−1)+(2×−3)
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

4−4 −1−6
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

−7
C(x, y) = (0, )
3

Point D divides the BD and DA as:DA = kBD = BC + CD = k + k = 2k

Hence the ratio between BD and DA is: =
BD

DA
2k

k
=
2

The point D divides the line BA in the ratio 2:1

So now applying section formula again we get,
(2×4)+(1×−2) (2×−1)+(1×−3)
D(x, y) = ( , )
2+1 2+1

8−2 −2−3
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

6 −5
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

−5
D(x, y) = (2, )
3

18. Name the type of quadrilateral formed, if any, by the points (4, 5), (7, 6), (4, 3),
(1, 2), and give a reason for your answer.
Ans. : (4, 5), (7, 6), (4, 3), (1, 2)
Let A → (4, 5), B → (7, 6), C → (4, 3) and D → (1, 2)
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Then, AB = √(7 − 4) 2
+ (6 − 5)
2

−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− −−
= √(3) + (1) = √9 + 1 = √10

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BC = √(4 − 7) + (3 − 6)

−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− −− –
√(−3) + (−3) = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
CD = √(1 − 4) + (2 − 3)

−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− −−
= √(−3) + (−1) = √9 + 1 = √10

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
DA = √(4 − 1) + (5 − 2)

−−−− −− –
= √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AC = √(4 − 4) + (3 − 5) = 2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BD = √(1 − 7) + (2 − 6)

−−−−−− −−
= √36 + 16 = √52

We see that
AB = CD, opposite sides are equal
BC = DA
and AC ≠ BD ..... Diagonals are unequal
Hence, the quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.
19. Show that the points A (1, 7), B (4, 2), C (-1, -1) and D (-4, 4) are the vertices of a
square.
Ans. : Let A(1, 7), B(4, 2), C(-1, -1) and D(-4, 4) be the given points. One way of
showing that ABCD is a square is to use the property that all its sides should be
equal both its diagonals should also be equal. Now,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
AB = √(1 − 4) + (7 − 2) = √9 + 25 = √34

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
BC = √(4 + 1)2 + (2 + 1)2 = √25 + 9 = √34

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
CD = √(−1 + 4) + (−1 − 4) = √9 + 25 = √34

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
DA = √(1 + 4)2 + (7 − 4)2 = √25 + 9 = √34

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
AC = √(1 + 1) + (7 + 1) = √4 + 64 = √68

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
BD = √(4 + 4) + (2 − 4) = √64 + 4 = √68

Since, AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD, all the four sides of the quadrilateral ABCD
are equal and its diagonals AC and BD are also equal. Therefore, ABCD is a square.

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [10]

20. Find the coordinates of the points which divide the line segment joining A(-2, 2)
and B(2, 8) into four equal parts.
 Ans. : Let P (x1, y1) Q(x2, y2) and R(x3, y3) be the points which divide the line
segment AB into four equal parts.

Then, P divides AB in the ratio 1 : 3 internally.

mx2 +n x1
x =
m+n

(1)(2)+(3)(−2)
∴ x1 =
1+3

2−6 4
= = − = −1
4 4

my +n y
2 1
y =
m+n

(1)(8)+(3)(2)
y1 =
1+3

8+6 14 7
= = =
4 4 2

So, P → (−1, ) 7

Also, Q divides AB in the ratio 1 : 1 i.e.

Q is the mid point of AB
−2+2
x2 = = 0
2

2+8 10
y2 = = = 5
2 2

So, Q → (0, 5)
and, R divides AB in the ratio 3 : 1
(3)(2)+(1)(−2)
∴ x2 =
3+1

6−2 4
= = = 1
4 4

(3)(8)+(1)(2)
y3 =
3+1

24+2 26 13
= = =
4 4 2

So, R → (1, 13

2
)

21. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining (4, –1)
and (–2, –3).
Ans. :

The points of trisection means that the points which divide the line into three equal
parts. From the figure, it is clear that C, and D are these two points. Let C (x1, y1)
and D (x2, y2) are the points of trisection of the line segment joining the given
points i.e., BC = CD = DA
Let BC = CD = DA = k, Point C divides BC and CA as: BC = kCA = CD + DA = k + k = 2k
Hence the ratio between BC and CA is: BC

CA
=
k

2k
=
1

Therefore, point C divides BA internally in the ratio 1:2 then by section formula we
have that if a point P(x, y) divides two points P (x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2) in the ratio
m:n then, the point (x, y) is given by mx 2 + nx 1 my 2 + ny 1
(x, y) = ( , )
m+n m+n

Therefore C(x, y) divides B(–2, –3) and A(4,–1) in the ratio 1:2, then
(1×4)+(2×−2) (1×−1)+(2×−3)
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

4−4 −1−6
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

−7
C(x, y) = (0, )
3

Point D divides the BD and DA as:DA = kBD = BC + CD = k + k = 2k

Hence the ratio between BD and DA is: BD

DA
=
2k

k
=
2

The point D divides the line BA in the ratio 2:1

So now applying section formula again we get,
(2×4)+(1×−2) (2×−1)+(1×−3)
D(x, y) = ( , )
2+1 2+1

8−2 −2−3
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

6 −5
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

−5
D(x, y) = (2, )
3

----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 25
CH-09 - MLM (APPLICATION OF TRIGONOMETRY)

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [25]

1. From a point on a bridge across a river, the angles of depression of the banks
on opposite sides of the river are 30° and 45°, respectively. If the bridge is at a
height of 3 m from the banks, find the width of the river.
Ans. :

In the above-given fig, A and B represent points on the bank on opposite sides of
the river, so that AB is the width of the river.
P is a point on the bridge at a height of 3 m, i.e.,
DP = 3 m. Here, we are interested to determine the width of the river, which is the
length of the side AB of the
△ APB.
Now, AB = AD + DB
In right △ APD, ∠ A = 30°
So, tan 30° = PD

AD

i.e., or AD = m
1 3
–
= 3√3
√3 AD

Also, in right △ PBD, ∠ B = 45°. So, BD = PD = 3 m

Now, AB = BD + AD = 3 + –
3√3 3) m
= 3(1 + √–
Therefore, the width of the river is m
–
3(√3 + 1)

2. A 1.5 m tall boy is standing at some distance from a 30 m tall building. The angle
of elevation from his eyes to the top of the building increases from 30° to 60° as
he walks towards the building. Find the distance he walked towards the building.
Ans. :

Let AE is the Length of the building.

Page 1
 So AE = 30
Again BE = DF = 1.5
AB = AE - BE = 30 - 1.5 = 28.5
Now in triangle ABC,
tan60 = AB

BC

⇒ √3 = 28.5

BC

⇒ BC = 28.5

√3

Again in triangle ABD

tan30 = AB

BD

– – 28.5
√1√3 =
BD

⇒ BD = 28.5×√3
⇒ BC + CD = 28.5√3
⇒ 28.5/√3 + CD = 28.5√3
⇒ CD = 28.5

√3
- 28.5

√3

⇒ CD = 28.5×3−28.5

√3

CD =
28.5(3−1)
⇒
√3

CD =
(28.5×2)
⇒
√3

CD =
(57)
⇒
√3

CD = (Multiply √3 in numerator and denominator)

(57 √3)
⇒
√3 × √3

⇒ CD = 57 √3

⇒ CD = 19√3
The distance he walked towards the building is 19√3 m
3. A statue, 1.6 m tall, stands on the top of a pedestal. From a point on the ground,
the angle of elevation of the top of the statue is 60o and from the same point
the angle of elevation of the top of the pedestal is 45o. Find the height of the
pedestal.
Ans. :
4. The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the foot of the tower is 30°
and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building
is 60°. If the tower is 50 m high, find the height of the building.

Page 2
 Ans. : Given,

Let the height of building be AB and height of tower CD

Height of the tower (CD)= 50 m
Angle of elevation of top of building from foot of tower = 30o
Hence, ∠ACB = 30 o

Angle of elevation of top of tower from from foot of building = 60o

Hence,∠ DBC = 60o
∠ ABC = 90o & ∠ DCB = 90o
In a right angle triangle DBC,
tan B =
side opposite to angle to D

side opposite to angle H

tan B = DC

BC

tan60
0
= 50

BC

50
BC =
√3

Similarly,
In a right angle triangle ABC,
tan C =
side opposite to angle to C

side adjacent to angle C

tan30
0
= AB

BC

1 AB
= 50
√3
√3

1 50
× = AB
√3 √3

1 50
AB = ×
√3 √3

50
AB = m
3

5. Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite each other on either side of
the road, which is 80 m wide. From a point between them on the road, the
angles of elevation of the top of the poles are 60o and 30o respectively. Find the
height of the poles and the distances of the point from the poles.
Ans. :
Suppose AB and CD are the two poles of equal height h m. BC be the 80 m wide
road. P is any point on the road. Let CP be x m, therefore BP = (80 – x) . Also, ∠ APB
= 60o and ∠ DPC =30o
In right angled triangle DCP,
tan 30o = CD

CP

⇒ h

x
=
1

√3

⇒h= x

√3
.......(1)
In right angled triangle ABP,
Tan 60o = AB/AP AB

AP

–
⇒ 80−x
h
= √3

–
⇒ h = √3(80 − x)
–
⇒ x

√3
= √3(80 − x)

⇒ x = 3(80 – x)
⇒ x = 240 – 3x
⇒ x + 3x = 240
⇒ 4x = 240
⇒ x = 60
Height of the pole, h = x/√3 = 60/√3 = 20√3.
Thus, the position of the point P is 60 m from C and the height of each pole is 20√3
m.
----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 22
CH-08 - MLM (INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY)

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [4]

1. The maximum value of sin θ is

(A) 1

2 (B)
√3 (C) 1 (D) 1

√2
2

Ans. : (c) : Since, the hypotenuse is the largest side in a right triangle, therefore the
value of sin θ is always loses than or equal to 1.
2. The value of tan
2 ∘
60 +4 cos
2 ∘
45 +3 sec
2
30 +5
∘

is
∘ ∘ 2 ∘
cosec 30 +sec 60 − cot 90

(A) 14 (B) 1
(C) 3 (D) 1

9 3

Ans. : (a) : We have,

2 ∘ 2 2 ∘
tan 60 +4 cos 45+3 coc 30 +5
∘ ∘ 2 ∘
cosec 30 +sec 60 − cot 30

2 2
2 1 2
(√3) +4 ( ) +3 ( ) +5
√2 √3 3+2+4+5
= 2
= = 14
4−3
2+2−(√3)

3. If cos A =
4
, then the value of tan A is
5

(A) 3

5
(B) 3

4
(C) 4

3
(D) 5

Ans. : (b) : Civen, cos A = 4/5

−−−−−− 2
−− 2 2
∵ sin A = √1 − cos A [∵ sin A + cos A = 1] 3

−−−−−−−
4
2
−−−−−
16
−−
9 3
Now, tan A = sin A

cos A
=
5

4
=
3

4
⇒ sin A = √1 − ( ) = √1 − = √ = 5
5 25 25 5

4. 2 (cos
4
60
∘
+ sin
4 ∘
30 ) − (tan
2
60
∘
+ cot
2
45 )
∘
+3 sec
2
30
∘
is equal to
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 3 × 4 (D) 1/4

4 ∘ 4 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘
(d): 2 (cos 60 + sin 30 ) − (tan 60 + cot 45 )

2 ∘
+ 3 sec 30

4 4 2
1 1 – 2 2
2

Ans. :
= 2 [( ) +( ) ] − [(√3) + (1) ] + 3( –)
2 2 √3

1 1 4 2 4 1
= 2[ + ] − [3 + 1] + 3 × = 2[ ]−4+4 = =
16 16 3 16 16 4

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [12]

5. If sin A =
3
, calculate cos A and tan A.
4

Ans. :

Page 1
 Given: A triangle ABC in which ∠B = 90
∘

3 P
SinA = =
4 H

Let BC = 3k and AC = 4k where k is a positive integer.|

Using Pythagoras theorem,
2 2 2
AB = AC − BC

−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−− −−−

AB = √(AC )2 − (BC )2 = √(4k)2 − (3k)2

−−−− −−−−− −−− –

2 2 2
= √16k − 9k = √7k = k√7

Therefore, cos A = k √7 √7
B AB
= = =
H AC 4k 4

P BC 3k 3
tan A = = = =
B AB k √7 √7

6. Given sec θ =
13
, Calculate all other trigonometric ratios.
12

Ans. :
Give that 3cot A = 4
Or cot A = 4

Consider a right angle triangle ΔABC right angled at point B.

Side adjacent to ∠A
cot A =
Side opposite to ∠A

AB 4
=
BC 3

If AB is 4K, BC will be 3K. where K is a positive integer

Now in ΔABC
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
= (4K)2 + (3K)2
= 16 K2 + 9K2
= 25K2
AC = 5K
Side adjacent to ∠A AB
cos A = =
hypotenuse AC

4K 4
= =
5K 5

Page 2
 Side opposite to ∠A BC
sin A = =
hypotenuse AC

3K 3
= =
5K 5

Side opposite to ∠A BC
tan A = =
Side adjacent to angle A AB

3K 3
= =
4K 4

2
3 9
1−( )
2 4 1−
1− tan A 16

2
= 2
= 9
1+ tan A 3 1+
1+( ) 16
4

16 7
= 25
=
25
16

2 2
2 2 4 3
cos A − sin A = ( ) −( )
5 5

16 9 7
= − =
25 25 25

Hence
2
1− tan A 2 2
2
= cos A − sin A
1+ tan A

7. sec A = 12
for some value of ∠A .
5

Ans. : Self Learning

8. sec A = 12
for some value of ∠A .
5

Ans. : Self Learning

9. sin θ =
4
for some angle θ .
3

Ans. : Self Learning

10. sin θ =
4
for some angle θ .
3

Ans. : Self Learning

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [6]

11. Prove the given identities, where the angles involved are acute angles for which
the expressions are defined. (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7 + tan2A +
cot2A

Ans. : To prove: (sinA + cosecA)2 + (cosA + secA)2 = 7 + tan2A + cot2A

taking L.H.S
Using the formula (a+b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab to get,
= (sin2A + cosec2A + 2sinA cosecA) + (cos2A + sec2A + 2 cos A sec A)
Since sinθ = 1

cosecθ
and cos θ =
1

sec θ

2 2 1 2 2 1
= (sin A + csc A + 2 sin A ) + (cos A + sec A + 2 cos A )
sin A cos A

= sin2A + cosec2A + 2 + cos2A + sec2A + 2

= (sin2A + cos2A) + cosec2A + sec2A + 2 + 2
Using the identities sin2A + cos2A = 1, sec2A = 1 + tan2A and cosec2A = 1 + cot2A to
get

Page 3
 = 1+ 1 + tan2A + 1 + cot2A + 2 + 2
= 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + tan2A + cot2A
= 7 + tan2A + cot2A
= R.H.S.
Hence proved
12. Prove that sin θ−cos θ+1
=
1
, using identity 2 2
sec θ = 1 + tan θ .
sin θ+cos θ−1 sec θ−tan θ

Ans. : We have to prove that, sin θ−cos θ+1

sin θ+cos θ−1

=
1

sec θ−tan θ
using identity 2 2
sec θ = 1 + tan θ

LHS = sin θ−cos θ+1

sin θ+cos θ−1

=
tan θ−1+sec θ

tan θ+1−sec θ
[ dividing the numerator and denominator by cos θ .]

[ Multiplying and dividing by

(tan θ+sec θ)−1 {(tan θ+sec θ)−1}(tanθ−sec θ)
=
(tan θ−sec θ)+1
=
{(tan θ−sec θ)+1}(tan θ−sec θ)
(tan θ − sec θ) ]
2 2
(tan θ− sec θ)−(tanθ−sec θ)
=
{(tan θ−sec θ)+1}(tan θ−sec θ)
[∵ (a − b)(a + b) = a 2
−b
2
]

=
−1−tan θ+sec θ

(tan θ−sec θ+1)(tan θ−sec θ)

[∵ tan 2
θ − sec
2
θ = −1 ]
−(tan θ−sec θ+1) −1
= =
(tan θ−sec θ+1)(tan θ−sec θ) tan θ−sec θ

=
1

sec θ−tan θ
=RHS
Hence Proved.
----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 45
CH-10- MLM (CIRCLES)

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [10]

1. In figure, PQ is tangent to the circle with centre at , at the point

O B . If
∠AOB = 100
∘
, then ∠ABP is equal to

(A) 50 ∘
(B) 40
∘
(C) 60
∘
(D) 80 ∘

Ans. : (a) : In △OAB, OA = OB

( ∵ Radii of same circle)
∴ ∠OAB = ∠OBA

( ∵ Angles opposite to equal sides are equal)

Now, by applying angle sum property in △OAB
∘
∠OAB + ∠ABO + ∠AOB = 180
∘
⇒ ∠ABO = 40

Here, ∠OBP = 90 ∘

(Radius is perpendicular to tangent at point of contact)

∘
⇒ ∠OBA + ∠ABP = 90
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
⇒ 40 + ∠ABP = 90 ⇒ ∠ABP = 90 − 40 = 50

2. In the given
figure, AP , AQ and BC are tangents to the circle. If
AB = 5cm, AC = 6cm and BC = 4cm , then the length of AP (in cm ) is

(A) 7.5 (B) 15 (C) 10 (D) 9

Ans. : (a) : As, length of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are
equal.

Page 1
 ∴ AP = AQ … (i), P B = BR … (ii), CQ = CR … (iii)

Now , 2AP = AP + AP

⇒ 2AP = AP + AQ

⇒ 2AP = (AB + P B) + (AC + CQ)

⇒ 2AP = (AB + BR) + (AC + CR) [Using (ii) and (iii)]

⇒ 2AP = AB + BC + AC = 5 + 4 + 6

⇒ AP = 7.5cm

[Using (i)]
3. Two tangents, drawn at the end points of diameter of a given circle are always
(A) parallel
(B) perpendicular
(C) intersect each other
(D) None of these
Ans. : (a): Two tangents drawn at the end points of diameter are always parallel.
4. A tangent to a circle is a line that touches the circle at exactly
(A) two points (B) three points
(C) one point (D) None of these

Ans. : (c) : A tangent to a circle is a line that intersects or touches the circle at
exactly one point.
5. If the angle between two radii of a circle is 140
∘
, then the angle between the
tangents at the ends of the radii is
(A) 90 ∘
(B) 50 ∘
(C) 70 ∘
(D) 40
∘

Ans. :

∠OP A = 90
∘
and ∠OQA = 90
∘

[∵Angle between tangent and radius through the point of contact is ∘

90 ] In
quadrilateral OP AQ ,
∘
∠P OQ + ∠OP A + ∠OQA + ∠P AQ = 360

[Angle sum property of a quadrilateral]

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
⇒ 140 + 90 + 90 + ∠P AQ = 360
∘ ∘ ∘
⇒ ∠P AQ = 360 − 320 = 40

6. How many tangents can a circle have from a point lying inside the circle ?
(A) 2 (B) infinitely many

Page 2
 (C) 1 (D) None of these

Ans. : (d) : There is no tangent to a circle passing through a point lying inside the
circle.
7. If four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD are tangent to a circle, then

(A) AC + AD = BC + DB
(B) AC + AD = BD + CD
(C) AB + CD = BC + AD
(D) AB + CD = AC + BC

Ans. : (b): Since the lengths of tangents to a circle from an external point are
equal.

∴ AP = AS

BP = BQ

CR = CQ

DR = DS

Adding (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get

(AP + BP ) + (CR + DR) = AS + BQ + CQ + DS

⇒ AB + CD = BC + AD

8. In the diagram, PQ and QR are tangents to the circle with centre O. Find the
value of x.

(A) 55 ∘
(B) 25 ∘
(C) 35
∘
(D) 65∘

Page 3
 Ans. : (c) : ∠P OR + ∠P QR = 180
∘

∘
∠OP Q = ∠ORQ = 90

∴ ∠P OR = 180
∘
− 50
∘
= 130
∘
Also, ∠P SR = 1

2
∠P OR

[∵ Angle made by an arc at the centre of a circle is twice the angle subtended by
the same arc at any point on the remaining part of the circle]
1 ∘ ∘
∴ ∠P SR = × 130 = 65
2

9. In the adjoining figure, if PC is the tangent at A of the circle with ∠P AB = 72

∘

and ∠AOB = 132

∘
, then ∠ABC =

(A) can't be determined

(B) 18 ∘

(C) 30 ∘

(D) 60 ∘

Ans. : (b) : Here, ∠P AB = 72 ∘

∴ ∠OAB = 90 − 72 = 18 Also, ∠AOB = 132

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘

[Given]
Now, in △OAB, ∠ABC = 180
∘
− 132
∘ ∘
− 18 = 30
∘

10. In the following figure, find the length of the chord AB if P A = 6cm and
∠P AB = 60
∘
.

(A) 5cm (B) 2cm

(C) 6cm (D) 4cm

Ans. : (c) : P B = P A = 6cm [∵ Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle

are equal in length]
∘
∴ ∠P BA = ∠P AB = 60

(Angles opposite to sides are equal)

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
∴ ∠AP B = 180 − 60 − 60 = 60

Page 4
 [Angle sum property of a triangle]
∴ △AP B is an equilateral triangle.
∴ AB = P A = P B = 6cm

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [15]

11. A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle. Prove that AB + CD = AD +

BC

Ans. :

We know that the lengths of tangents drawn from an exterior point to a circle are
equal.
AP = AS, ... (i) [tangents from A]
BP = BQ, ... (ii) [tangents from B]
CR = CQ, ... (iii) [tangents from C]
DR = DS. ... (iv) [tangents from D]
AB + CD = (AP + BP) + (CR + DR)
= (AS + BQ) + (CQ + DS) [using (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)]
= (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)
= AD + BC.
Hence, AB + CD = AD + BC.
12. Two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with centre O from an external
point T. Prove that ∠ ​PTQ = 2∠ OPQ.
Ans. :

Page 5
 Given A circle with centre O and an external point T and two tangents TP and TQ to
the circle, where P, Q are the points of contact.
To Prove: ∠ PTQ = 2∠ OPQ
Proof: Let ∠ PTQ = θ
Since TP, TQ are tangents drawn from point T to the circle.
TP = TQ
∴ TPQ is an isoscles triangle

∴ ∠ TPQ = ∠ TQP = (180o - θ ) = 90o -

1

2
θ

Since, TP is a tangent to the circle at point of contact P

∴ ∠ OPT = 90o
∴ ∠OPQ = ∠ OPT - ∠ TPQ = 90o - (90o - 1

2
θ )= θ

2
= 1

2
∠ PTQ
Thus, ∠ PTQ = 2∠ OPQ
13. PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of a circle of radius 5 cm. The tangents at P and Q
intersect at a point T. Find the length TP.

Ans. :

Let TR be x cm and TP be y cm
OT is perpendicular bisector of PQ
So PR = 4 cm ( PR =
PQ

2
=
8

2
)
In △ OPR, OP2 = PR2 + OR2
52 = 42 + OR2

Page 6
 OR = √−−−−−−
25 − 16

∴ OR = 3 cm

In △ PRT, PR2 +RT2 = PT2

y2 = x2 + 42 .....(1)
In △ OPT, OP2 + PT2 = OT2
(x + 3)2 = 52 + y2 ( OT = OR + RT = 3 + x)
∴ (x + 3)2 = 52 + x2 + 16 [using (1)]
Solving, we get x = 16

3
cm
From (1), y2 = 256

9
+ 16 = 400

So, y = 20

3
cm = 6.667 cm
14. The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the
point of contact.

Ans. :
Proof : We are given a circle with centre O and a tangent XY to the circle at a point
P . We need to prove that OP is perpendicular to XY.

Take a point Q on XY other than P and join OQ (see Fig. 10.5).

The point Q must lie outside the circle. (Why? Note that if Q lies inside the circle, XY
will become a secant and not a tangent to the circle). Therefore, OQ is longer than
the radius OP of the circle. That is,
OQ > OP.

Since this happens for every point on the line XY except the point P , OP is the
shortest of all the distances of the point O to the points of XY. So OP is
perpendicular to XY. (as shown in Theorem A1.7.)
15. The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
Ans. : Proof: We are given a circle with centre O, a point P lying outside the circle
and two tangents PQ, PR on the circle from P (see Fig. 10.7). We are required to
prove that PQ = PR .
For this, we join OP, OQ and OR. Then ∠OQP and ∠ORP are right angles, because
these are angles between the radii and tangents, and according to Theorem 10.1
 they are right angles. Now in right triangles OQP and ORP,

OQ = OR (Radii of the same circle)

OP = OP ( Common)

ΔOQP ≅ΔORP (RHS)

PQ = PR (CPCT)

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [20]

16. In Figure, XY and X'Y' are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and
another tangent AB with point of contact C intersects XY at A and X'Y' at B.
Prove that ∠AOB = 90°.

Ans. : According to the question, XY and X 'Y ' are x two parallel tangents to a
circle with centre O and another tangent AB with point of contact C intersects XY at
A and X 'Y ' at B.

In quad. APQB, we have

∠AP O =90°
and ∠BQO = 90° [∵ tangent at any point is perpendicular to the radius through the
point of contact]
Now, ∠AP O + ∠BQO + ∠QBC + ∠P AC = 360 ∘

⇒ ∠P AC + ∠QBC = 360
∘
−(∠AP O + ∠BQO) = 180
∘
...(i)
We have,
1
∠CAO = ∠P AC
2

and ∠CBO = ∠QBC [∵ tangents from an external point are equally inclined to the
1

line segment joining the centre to that point]

∴ ∠CAO + ∠CBO =
1

2
(∠P AC + ∠QBC) =
1

2
× 180
∘
= 90
∘
.....(ii)
In △AOB , we have
∘
∠CAO + ∠AOB + ∠CBO = 180

∘ ∘
⇒ 90 + ∠AOB = 180

∘
⇒ ∠AOB = 90

17. Prove that parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.

 Ans. :

Given ABCD is a parallelogram in which all the sides touch a given circle
To prove:- ABCD is a rhombus
Proof:-
∵ ABCD is a parallelogram

∴ AB = DC and AD = BC

Again AP, AQ are tangents to the circle from the point A

∴ AP = AQ
Similarly, BR = BQ
CR = CS
DP = DS
∴ (AP + DP) + (BR + CR) = AQ + DS + BQ + CS = (AQ + BQ) + (CS + DS)

⇒ AD + BC = AB + DC

⇒ BC + BC = AB + AB [ ∵ AB = DC, AD = BC]

⇒ 2BC = 2AB
⇒ BC = AB

Hence, parallelogram ABCD is a rhombus

18. A triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius 4 cm such that the
segments BD and DC into which BC is divided by the point of contact D are of
lengths 8 cm and 6 cm respectively (see figure). Find the sides AB and AC.

Ans. : Join OE and OF. Also join OA, OB and OC.

Since BD = 8 cm
 ∴ BE = 8 cm
[Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal]
Since CD = 6 cm
∴ CF = 6 cm

[Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal]

Let AE = AF = x
Since OD = OE = OF = 4 cm [Radii of a circle are equal]
Semi-perimeter of ABC =
(x +6)(x +8) + (6+8) (2x +28)
∴ △
2
=
2
= (x + 14)cm
Area of ABC =
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
∴ △ √s(s − a)(s − b) (s − c)

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
√(x + 14)(x + 14 − 14)(x + 14 − x + 8 )(x + 14 − x + 6 )
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

cm 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= √(x + 14)(x )(8)(6)

Now, Area of ΔABC = Area of △ OBC + Area of △ OCA + Area of △ OAB

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− (6+8)4 (x + 6)4 (x + 8)4
⇒ √(x + 14)(x )(8)(6) = 2
+ +
2 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
⇒ √(x + 14)(x )(8)(6) = 28 + 2x + 12 + 2x + 16
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
⇒ √(x + 14)(x )(8)(6) = 4x + 56
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
⇒√(x + 14)(x )(8)(6) =4(x + 14)
Squaring both sides,
(x + 14) (x) (6) (8) = 16(x + 14)2
⇒ 3x = x + 14

⇒ 2x = 14

⇒ x=7
∴ AB = x + 8 = 7 + 8 = 15 cm

And AC = x + 6= 7 + 6 = 13 cm
19. Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend
supplementary angles at the centre of the circle.
Ans. : Given: ABCD is a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle whose centre is O.
To prove:
i. ∠ AOB + ∠ COD = 180o
ii. ∠ BOC + ∠ AOD = 180o
Construction: Join OP, OQ, OR and OS.

Proof: Since tangents from an external point to a circle are equal.

∴ AP = AS,
BP = BQ ........ (i)
CQ = CR
DR = DS
In △OBP and △OBQ,
OP = OQ [Radii of the same circle]
OB = OB [Common]
BP = BQ [From eq. (i)]
∴ △ OPB ≅ △ OBQ [By SSS congruence criterion]

∴ ∠ 1 = ∠ 2 [By C.P.C.T.]

Similarly, ∠ 3 = ∠ 4, ∠ 5 = ∠ 6, ∠ 7 = ∠ 8
Since, the sum of all the angles round a point is equal to 360o.
∴ ∠ 1+ ∠ 2+ ∠ 3+ ∠ 4+ ∠ 5+ ∠ 6+ ∠ 7+ ∠ 8 = 360o
⇒ ∠ 1+ ∠ 1+ ∠ 4+ ∠ 4+ ∠ 5+ ∠ 5+ ∠ 8+ ∠ 8 = 360o
⇒ 2 (∠ 1 + ∠ 4+ ∠ 5+ ∠ 8) = 360o
⇒ ∠ 1+ ∠ 4+ ∠ 5+ ∠ 8 = 180o
⇒ (∠ 1 + ∠ 5) + (∠ 4 + ∠ 8) = 180o
⇒ ∠ AOB + ∠ COD = 180o
Similarly we can prove that
∠ BOC + ∠ AOD = 180o
----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 39
CH-11- MLM (AREA RELATED TO CIRCLES)

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [9]

1. Find the area of a sector of a circle with radius 6 cm, if the angle of the sector is
60o.
Ans. : "[Link]
[Link]/chapter_wise/5245/[Link]" style="height:
98px; width: 100px;" />
We know that Area of sector = 360
θ
πr
2

Here, θ = 60, r = 6
∴ Required area =
60

360
×
22

7
2
× (6)

1 22
= × × 36
6 7

22×6
=
7

132 6 2
= = 18 cm
7 7

2. Find the area of a quadrant of a circle whose circumference is 22 cm.

Ans. : Let the radius of the circle be r cm.
Then, circumference of the circle = 2πr cm
According to the question,
2πr = 22
22
⇒ 2× × r = 22
7

22×7 7
⇒ r = ⇒ r = cm
2×22 2

For a quadrant of a circle,

Area = 1

4
πr
2

2
1 22 7
= × ×( )
4 7 2

1 22 7 7 77 2
= × × × = cm
4 7 2 2 8

3. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right angle at the centre. Find the
area of the corresponding:
i. minor segment
ii. major sector.
Ans. :
i. r = 10 cm, θ = 90 ∘

Area of minor sector = θ

360
× πr
2

90 2
= × 3.14 × 10 × 10 = 78.5cm
360

Area of △OAB =
OA×OB

10×10 2
= = 50cm
2

Page 1
 ∴ Area of the minor segment
= Area of minor sector - Area of △OAB

2 2 2
= 78.5cm − 50cm = 28.5cm

ii. Area of major sector = πx

2
− 28.5

= 3.14 × 10 × 10 − 28.5

2
= 314 − 28.5 = 285.5cm

"[Link]
[Link]/chapter_wise/5245/[Link]"
style="height: 151px; width: 150px;" />

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [30]

4. Find the area of the sector of a circle with radius 4 cm and of angle 30°. Also,
find the area of the corresponding major sector.(use π = 3.14)

Ans. :

Here, θ = 30° and r = 4 cm

Area of sector OAPB = × πr
θ

360
2

Let 'A' be the area of corresponding major sector.

Then, A = Area of sector OAQB
⇒A = Area of the circle - Area of the corresponding minor sector

2 θ 2
⇒ A = πr − × πr
360

2 θ
⇒ A = πr (1 − )
360

30 2
⇒ A = 3.14 × 4 × 4 (1 − ) cm
360

⇒ A = 3.14 × 4 × 4 ×
11

12
cm
2
=
3.14×44

3
cm
2
= 46.05 cm2
5. Find the area of the segment AYB shown in Figure, if the radius of the circle is 21
cm and ∠ AOB = 120°. (Use π =
22

7
).

Page 2
 Ans. :
Area of the segment AYB = Area of sector OAYB - Area of ∆ OAB
Now, area of the sector OAYB = × × 21 × 21cm = 462cm
120

360
22

7
2 2

For finding the area of ∆ OAB, draw OM ⊥ AB as shown in Fig.

Note that OA = OB. Therefore, by RHS congruence, ∆ AMO ≅ ∆ BMO.

So, M is the mid-point of AB and ∠AOM = ∠BOM =
1

2
∘
× 120 = 60
∘

Let OM = x cm
So, from ∆ OMA, OM

OA
= cos 60
∘

or, x

21
=
1

2
(cos 60
∘
=
1

2
)

or, x = 21

So, OM = 21

2
cm

Also,
√3
AM ∘
= sin 60 =
OA 2

So, AM =
21 √3
cm
2

Therefore, AB = 2AM
2×21 √3 –
= cm = 21√3cm
2

So, area of ∆ OAB = 1 1

– 21 2
AB × OM = × 21√3 × cm
2 2 2

441 – 2
= √3cm
4

Therefore, area of the segment AYB = [From (1), (2) and (3)]
441
– 2
(462 − √3) cm
4

21 – 2
= (88 − 21√3)cm
4

6. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle of 60o at the center. Find:
i. the length of the arc.
ii. area of the sector formed by the arc.
iii. area of the segment formed by the corresponding chord
Ans. :

Given, r = 21 cm and θ = 60o

i. Length of arc = =
θ

360
2πr =
60

360
×2×
22

7
× 21 = 22 cm

ii. Area of the sector = =

θ

360
πr
2
=
60

360
×
22

7
× 21 × 21 = 231 cm
2

Page 3
 iii. Area of segment formed by corresponding chord = Area of the sector -
Area of △OAB
= θ
πr
360
- Area of △OAB
2

⇒ Area of segment = 231 - Area of △ OAB ....... (1)

In right angled triangle OMA and OMB,
OM = OB [Radii of the same circle]
OM = OM [Common]
∴ △ OMA ≅ △OMB [ RHS congruency]
∴ AM = BM [By CPCT]
∴ M is the mid-point of AB and ∠ AOM = ∠ BOM
⇒ ∠ AOM = ∠ BOM = 1

2
∠ AOB = 1

2
× 60o = 30o
Therefore, in right angled triangle OMA,
cos30o = OM

OA

⇒
√3

2
= OM

21

⇒ OM = 21 √3

2
cm
Also, sin30o = AM

OA

⇒
1

2
= AM

21

⇒ AM = 21

2
cm
∴ AB = 2 AM = 2 ×
21

2
= 21 cm
Area of OAB = AB × OM = cm 2
21 √3 441 √3
∴ △
1

2
×
1

2
× 21 ×
2
= 4

Using eq. (1),

Area of segment formed by corresponding chord = [231 - ] cm 2

441 √3

= 40.05 cm2
7. A chord of a circle of radius 15 cm subtends an angle of 60o at the center. Find
the areas of the corresponding minor and major segments of the circle. (Use π =
3.14 and
–
√3 = 1.73)
Ans. :

r = 15 cm, θ = 60o
∘

Area of the minor sector = θ

360
∘ πr
2
=
60
∘
× 3.14 × 15 × 15 = 117.75 cm2
360

Page 4
 In △ AOB, draw OM ⊥ AB
In right triangle OMA and OMB,
OA = OB .........Radii of the same circle
OM = OM .........Common side
∴ △ OMA ≅ △OMB .........RHS congruence criterion
∴ AM = BM .......CPCT
⇒ AM = BM = AB 1

∠ AOM = ∠ BOM .......CPCT

⇒ ∠ AOM = ∠ BOM = 1

2
∠ AOB = 1

2
× 60o = 30o
∴ In right triangle OMA, cos30o = OM

OA

⇒
√3

2
= OM

15

OM = cm
15 √3
⇒
2

sin30o = AM

OA

⇒
1

2
= AM

15

⇒ AM = cm 15

⇒ AB = 15 cm
∴ Area of △ AOB = 1

2
× AB × OM
= 1

2
× 15 ×
15 √3

2
= 225 √3

= 225×1.73

4
= 97.3125 cm2
∴ Area of the corresponding minor segment of the circle = Area of minor sector -
Area of △ AOB
= 117.75 - 97.3125 = 20.4375 cm2
and, area of the corresponding major segment of the circle = πr2 - area of the
corresponding minor segment of the circle
= 3.14 × 15 × 15 - 20.4375
= 706.5 - 20.4375 = 686.0625 cm2
8. A chord of a circle of radius 12 cm subtends an angle of 120o at the center. Find
the area of the corresponding segment of the circle. (Using = 3.14 and
–
π √3 =
1.73)
Ans. :
r = 12 cm, θ = 120o
∴ Area of the corresponding sector of the circle = θ

360
∘ πr
2
=
120
∘
× 3.14 × 12 × 12 =
360

150.72 cm2
Area of △AOB
Draw OM ⊥ AB
In right triangle OMA and OMB,
OA = OB ....... Radii of the same circle
OM = OM ........ Common side
∴ △ OMA ≅ △ OMB ........RHS congruence criterion

∴ AM = BM ....... CPCT

⇒ AM = BM = 1

2
AB
and ∠ AOM = ∠ BOM [CPCT]
⇒ ∠ AOM = ∠ BOM = 1

2
∠ AOB
= 1

2
120o = 60o
×

∴ In right triangle OMA,

cos60o = OM

OA

⇒
1

2
= OM

12

⇒ OM = 6 cm
sin60o = AM

OA

√3
⇒
2
= AM

12

AM = 6√3 cm
–
⇒

2AM = 12√3 cm
–
⇒

AB =12√3 cm
–
⇒

∴ Area of △ AOB = 1

2
× AB × OM
= 1
× 3 × 6 = 36√3 cm
12√– – 2
2

= 36 × 1.73 cm2 = 62.28 cm2

So, Area of the corresponding segment of the circle = Area of the correspoding
sector of circle - Area of △ AOB
= 150.72 - 62.28 = 88.44 cm2
9. A round table cover has six equal designs as shown in figure. If the radius of the
cover is 28 cm, find the cost of making the designs at the rate of ₹ 0.35 per cm 2.
–
(use √3 = 1.7)

Ans. :
r = 28 cm and θ = 360

6
= 60
∘

Area of minor sector = 360

θ
πr
2
=
60
×
22

7
× 28 × 28 =
1232

3
360

= 410.67 cm2
For, Area of △AOB,

Draw OM ⊥ AB.
In right triangles OMA and OMB,
OA = OB [Radii of same circle]
OM = OM [Common]
∴ △ OMA ≅ OMB [RHS congruency]

∴ AM = BM [By CPCT]
⇒ AM = BM = 1

2
AB and ∠ AOM = ∠ BOM = 1

2
AOB = 1

2
× 60o = 30o
In right angled triangle OMA, cos30o = OM

OA

⇒
√3

2
= OM

28

OM = 14√3 cm
–
⇒

Also, sin30° = AM

OA

1 AM
⇒ =
2 28

⇒ AM = 14 cm
⇒ 2 AM = 2 × 14 = 28 cm
⇒ AB = 28 cm
∴ Area of △AOB = × AB × OM = × 28 × 14√3 = 196 √3 = 196 × 1.7 = 333.2 cm 2
1 1
– –
2 2

∴ Area of minor segment = Area of minor sector - Area of △AOB

= 410.67 - 333.2 = 77.47 cm2
∴ Area of one design = 77.47 cm2
∴ Area of six designs = 77.47 × 6 = 464.82 cm2
Cost of making designs = 464.82 × 0.35 = Rs. 162.68
----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 35
CH-12- MLM (SURFACE AREA & VOLUMES)

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [35]

1. From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4 cm and diameter 1.4 cm, a conical
cavity of the same height and same diameter is hollowed out. Find the total
surface area of the remaining solid to the nearest cm 2.

Ans. :
Diameter of the solid cylinder = 1.4 cm
∴ Radius of the solid cylinder = 0.7 cm

∴ Radius of the base of the conical cavity = 0.7 cm

Height of the solid cylinder = 2.4 cm

∴ Height of the conical cavity = 2.4 cm

∴ Slant height of the conical cavity =

−−−−−−−−−−−−−
cm
2 2
−−−−−−−−− −−−−
√(0.7) + (2.4) = √0.49 + 5.76 = √6.25 = 2.5

∴ TSA of remaining solid

= 2π(0.7) (2.4) + π(0.7)2 + π(0.7) (2.5)
= 3.36π + 0.49π + 1.75π
= 5.6π
= 5.6 ×
22

= 17.6 cm 2 = 18 cm 2 (to the nearest cm 2)

2. A solid is in the shape of a cone standing on a hemisphere with both their radii
being equal to 1 cm and the height of the cone is equal to its radius. Find the
volume of the solid in terms of π.

Page 1
 Ans. :

For Hemisphere,
Radius(r) = 1 cm
∴ Volume =
2

3
πr
3

2 3
= π(1)
3

2 3
= πcm
3

For cone,
Radius of the base(r) = 1 cm
Height (h) = 1 cm
∴ Volume= 1

3
πr h
2

1 2 1 3
= π(1) (1) = π cm
3 3

Therefore, volume of the solid

=volume of the hemisphere + volume of cone
2 1 3
= π+ π = πcm
3 3

3. Rachel, an engineering student, was asked to make a model shaped like a

cylinder with two cones attached at its two ends by using a thin aluminium
sheet. The diameter of the model is 3 cm and its length is 12 cm. If each cone
has a height of 2 cm, find the volume of air contained in the model that Rachel
made. (Assume the outer and inner dimensions of the model to be nearly the
same).
Ans. : For upper conical portion
Radius of the base(r) = 1.5 cm
Height (h1) = 2 cm

∴ Volume = 1

3
π r2h1 = 1

3
(1.5)2(2) = 1.5π cm3
π

For lower conical portion

Page 2
 Volume = 1.5π cm3
For central cylindrical portion
Radius of the base(r) = 1.5 cm
Height (h2) = 12 - (2 + 2) = 12 - 4 = 8 cm

∴ Volume = π r2h2 = 1

3
(1.5)2(8)= 18π cm3
π

Therefore, volume of the model = 1.5π + 1.5π + 18π = 21π = 21 ×

22

7
= 66 cm3
Hence, the volume of the air contained in the model that Rechel made is 66 cm3.
4. A gulab jamun, contains sugar syrup up to about 30% of its volume. Find
approximately how much syrup would be found in 45 gulab jamun, each shaped
like a cylinder with two hemispherical ends with length 5 cm and diameter 2.8
cm.

Ans. : Volume of a gulab jamun

2 3 2 2 3
= π(1.4) + π(1.4) (2.2) + π(1.4)
3 3

4 3 2
= π(1.4) + π(1.4) (2.2)
3

2 4×1.4
= π(1.4) [ + 2.2]
3

5.6+6.6
= π(1.96) [ ]
3

π(1.96)(12.2)
3
= cm
3

∴ Volume of 45 gulab jamuns

π(1.96)(12.2)
= 45 ×
3

= 15π(1.96 × 12.2)

22
= 15 × × 1.96 × 12.2
7

= 15 × 22 × 2.8 × 12.2

= 1127.28 cm3
∴ Volume of syrup

30
= 1127.28 ×
100

Page 3
 = 338.184 cm3
= 338 cm3 (approx.)
5. Rasheed got a playing top (lattu) as his birthday present, which surprisingly had
no colour on it. He wanted to colour it with his crayons. The top is shaped like a
cone surmounted by a hemisphere. The entire top is 5 cm in height and the
diameter of the top is 3.5 cm. Find the area he has to colour. (Take π =
22

7
).

Ans. : Surface area to colour = surface area of hemisphere + curved surface area of
cone
Diameter of hemisphere = 3.5 cm
So radius of hemispherical portion of the lattu = r = 3.5

2
cm = 1.75
r = Radius of the concial portion = 3.5

2
= 1.75
Height of the conical portion = height of top - radius of hemisphere = 5 - 1.75 =
3.25 cm
Let I be the slant height of the conical part. Then,
2 2 2
l = h +r

2 2 2
l = (3.25) + (1.75)

2
⇒ l = 10.5625 + 3.0625

2
⇒ l = 13.625
−−−−−
⇒ l = √13.625

⇒ l = 3.69

Let S be the total surface area of the top. Then,

2
S = 2πr + πrl

⇒ S = πr(2r + l)

22
⇒ S = × 1.75(2 × 1.75 + 3.7)
7

= 5.5(3.5 + 3.7)

= 5.5(7.2)

2
= 39.6 cm

6. A wooden toy rocket is in the shape of a cone mounted on a cylinder as shown

in given below figure. The height of the entire rocket is 26 cm, while the height
of the conical part is 6 cm. The base of the conical portion has a diameter of 5
cm, while the base diameter of the cylindrical portion is 3 cm. If the conical
portion is to be painted orange and the cylindrical portion yellow, find the area
 of the rocket painted with each of these colours. (Take π =3.14)

Ans. :

TSA of the article = 2πrh + 2(2πr2)

= 2π (3.5)(10) + 2[2π (3.5)2]
= 70π + 49π
= 119 π

= 119 ×
22

= 374 cm 2
7. A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a right circular cone.
The height of the cone is 2 cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. Determine
the volume of the toy. If a right circular cylinder circumscribes the toy, find the
difference of the volume of the cylinder and toy. (Take π = 3.14)

Ans. : According to the question, A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere

surmounted by a right circular cone. The height of the cone is 2 cm and the
diameter of the base is 4 cm.
Let BPC is a hemisphere and ABC is a cone.
Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cone
4
= = 2cm
2

h = Height of cone = 2 cm
Volume of toy =
2

3
πr
3
+
1

3
2
πr h

1 2 1
= πr (2r + h) = × 3.14 × 2 × 2(2 × 2 + 2)
3 3

1
= × 3.14 × 4 × 6
3
= 25.12cm
3
...(i)
Let right circular cylinder EFGH circumscribe the given solid toy.
Radius of cylinder = 2 cm,
Height of cylinder = 4 cm
Volume of right circular cylinder = πr h
2

= 3.14 × (2)
2
× 4cm
3
...(iii)
3
= 50.24cm

∴ Difference of two volume = Volume of cylinder - Volume of toy

= 50.24 - 25.12
=25.12 cm3
----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 65
CH-13- MLM (STATISTICS)

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [65]

1. The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a

locality. The mean pocket allowance is ₹ 18. Find the missing frequency f.
Daily pocket allowance (in ₹) 11-13 13-15 15-17 17-19 19-21 21-23 23-25

Number of children 7 6 9 13 f 5 4

Ans. :
Daily pocket allowance (in Number of Children Class mark
f ixi
₹) (f i) (xi)

11-13 7 12 84
13-15 6 14 84
15-17 9 16 144
17-19 13 18 234
19-21 f 20 20f
21-23 5 22 110
23-25 4 24 96
Total ∑ fi = f + 44 ∑ fi ui − 20f + 752

Using the direct method,

∑ f xi
i

x̄ =
∑f
i

20f + 752
18 =
f +44

⇒ 20f + 752 = 18(f +4))

⇒ 20f + 752 = 18f + 792
⇒20f - 18f = 792 - 752
⇒ 2f = 40
⇒f= = 20
40

Hence, the missing frequency is 20.

2. In a retail market, fruit vendors were selling mangoes kept in packing boxes.
These boxes contained varying number of mangoes. The following was the
distribution of mangoes according to the number of boxes.
Number of mangoes 50-52 53-55 56-58 59-61 62-64
Number of boxes 15 110 135 115 25

Page 1
 Find the mean number of mangoes kept in a packing box. Which method of
finding the mean did you choose?
Ans. : Since value of number of mangoes and number of boxes are large
numerically. So we use step-deviation method
True Class Interval No. of boxes(f i) Class mark(xi) ui =
xi −a
f iui
h

49.5-52.5 15 51 -2 -30
52.5-55.5 110 54 -1 -110
55.5-58.5 135 57 0 0
58.5-61.5 115 60 1 115

61.5-64.5 25 63 2 50

∑ fi = 400 ∑ f iui = 25

Let assumed mean (a) = 57,

h=3,
∑ fi ui
¯¯
∴ ū =
∑f
=
25

400
= 0.0625 (approx.)
i

Using formula, Mean ¯¯

¯
(x) = a + hu ¯¯
¯

= 57 + 3 (0.0625
= 57 + 0.1875
= 57.1875
= 57.19 (approx)
Therefore, the mean number of mangoes is 57.19
3. The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during
a year:
Age (in years) 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65
Number of patients 6 11 21 23 14 5
Find the mode and the mean of the data given above. Compare and interpret
the two measures of central tendency.
Ans. : Mode:
Here, the maximum frequency is 23 and the class corresponding to this frequency
is 35 - 45.
So, the modal class is 35 - 45.
Now, size (h) = 10
lower limit it (l) of modal class = 35
frequency (f 1) of the modal class = 23
frequency (f 0) of class previous the modal class = 21
frequency (f 2) of class succeeding the modal class = 14

Mode = l + h = 35 +
f1 − f0
∴
2 f1 − f0 − f2
×
23−21

2×23−21−14
× 10

Page 2
 = 35 + × 10 = 35 +
2

11
20

11

= 35 + 1.8 (approx.)
= 36.8 years (approx.)
Mean:-
Take a = 40, h = 10.
Age Number of Class
di = xi - 40 xi −40
f iui
(in years) patients (f i) marks (xi) ui =
10

5-15 6 10 –30 –3 –18

15-25 11 20 –20 –2 –22
25-35 21 30 –10 –1 –21
35-45 23 40 0 0 0
45-55 14 50 10 1 14
55-65 5 60 20 2 10
Total ∑ fi = 80 ∑ fi ui = - 37
Using the step deviation method,
h = 40 +
∑ f ui
¯¯
x̄ = a+(
∑f
i
)× (
−37

80
)× 10
i

= 40 - 37

8
= 40 - 4.63
= 35.37 years
Interpretation:- Maximum number of patients admitted in the hospital are of the
age 36.8 years (approx.), while on an average the age of a patient admitted to the
hospital is 35.37 years.
4. The following data gives the distribution of total monthly household expenditure
of 200 families of a village. Find the modal monthly expenditure of the families.
Also, find the mean monthly expenditure:
Expenditure (in ₹) Frequency
1000-1500 24

1500-2000 40

2000-2500 33

2500-3000 28

3000-3500 30
3500-4000 22

4000-4500 16

4500-5000 7

Ans. : We may observe from the given data that maximum class frequency is 40
belonging to 1500 - 2000 interval.
Class size (h) = 500

Page 3
 Mode = l + h
f −f
1
×
2f − f1 − f2

Lower limit (l)of modal class = 1500

Frequency (f) of modal class = 40
Frequency (f 1) of class preceding modal class = 24
Frequency (f 2) of class succeeding modal class = 33

mode = 1500 + 40−24

2×40−24−33
× 500
= 1500 + 16

80−57
× 500
= 1500 + 347.826
= 1847.826 ≈ 1847.83
Expenditure (in ₹.) Number of families f i xi di = xi - 2750 ui uifi

1000-1500 24 1250 -1500 -3 -72

1500-2000 40 1750 -1000 -2 -80

2000-2500 33 2250 -500 -1 -33

2500-3000 28 2750=a 0 0 0
3000-3500 30 3250 500 1 30

3500-4000 22 3750 1000 2 44

4000-4500 16 4250 1500 3 48

4500-5000 7 4750 2000 4 28

Σfi = 200 Σfi di = - 35

Mean h
Σf di
i
¯¯
x̄ = a+ ×
Σf
i

= 2750 + 500
−35
¯¯
x̄ ×
200

¯¯
x̄ = 2750 - 87.5
¯¯
¯
x = 2662.5
5. The following distribution gives the state-wise teachers-student ratio in higher
secondary schools of India. Find the mode and mean of this data. Interpret the
two measures:
Number of students per teacher Number of states/U.T.

15 - 20 3

20 - 25 8

25 - 30 9
30 - 35 10

35 - 40 3

40 - 45 0

Page 4
 45 - 50 0

50 - 55 2

Ans. : WE may observe from the given data that maximum class frequency is 10
belonging to class interval 30 - 35.
So, modal class = 30 - 35
Class size (h) = 5
Lower limit (l) of modal class = 30
Frequency (f) of modal class = 10
Frequency (f 1) of class preceding modal class = 9
Frequency (f 2) of class succeeding modal class = 3

Mode = l + h
f −f1
×
2f − f − f
1 2

= 30 + 10−9

2×10−9−3
× h
= 30 + 1

20−12
× 5
= 30 + 5

= 30.625
Mode = 30.6
It represents that most of states/U.T have a teacher-student ratio as 30.6
Now we may find class marks by using the relation
Class mark = upper class limit +lower class limit

Now taking 32.5 as assumed mean (a) we may calculate di, ui, and f iui as following

Number of students per Number of states/U.T

xi di = xi - 32.5 Ui f iui
teacher (f i)

17.
15 – 20 3 -15 -3 -9
5

22.
20 – 25 8 -10 -2 -16
5
27.
25 – 30 9 -5 -1 -9
5

32.
30 – 35 10 0 0 0
5

37.
35 – 40 3 5 1 3
5
42.
40 – 45 0 10 2 0
5

47.
45 – 50 0 15 3 0
5

Page 5
 52.
50 – 55 2 20 4 8
5

Total 35 -23

Now, Mean h
Σfi ui
¯¯
x̄ = a+ ×
Σf
i

= 32.5 + −23

35
× 5
= 32.5 - 23

= 32.5 - 3.28
= 29.22
So mean of data is 29.2.
It represents that on an average teacher-student ratio was 29.2
6. The following frequency distribution gives the monthly consumption of
electricity of 68 consumers of a locality. Find the median, mean and mode of the
data and compare them.
Monthly consumption (in units) Number of Consumers
65-85 4

85-105 5
105-125 13
125-145 20

145-165 14
165-185 8

185-205 4

Ans. : First, we will convert the graph into tabular form given below:
Monthly
Number of Class Cumulativ
consumptio di = xi -
consumers mark xi −135
f iui e
n
ui =
135 5

(f i) (xi) Frequency
(in units)

65-85 4 75 –60 –3 –12 4

85-105 5 95 –40 –2 –10 9
105-125 13 115 –20 –1 –13 22
125-145 20 135 0 0 0 42
145-165 14 155 20 1 14 56
165-185 8 175 40 2 16 64
185-205 4 195 60 3 12 68

Total ∑ fi = 68 ∑ fi ui = 7

Page 6
 i. Let a = 135.
Now, h = 20
Using the step-deviation method,
∑ fi ui 7
¯¯
M ean, x̄ = a+( ) ×h = 135 + ( ) × 20
∑ fi 68

= 135 +
35

17
= 135 + 2.05 = 137.05
ii. Now, N = 68
So, N

2
=
68
= 34
2

This observation lies in class 125-145.

Therefore, 125-145 is the median class.
So, l = 125, CF = 22, f = 20
N
−CF
2
∴ M edian = l + ( ) ×h
f

= 125 + (
34−22

20
) × 20 = 125 + 12 = 137
iii. Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean
= 3×137 - 2×137.05 = 136.9
7. If the median of the distribution given below is 28.5, then find the values of
x and y.
Class Interval frequency
0-10 5

10-20 x
20-30 20
30-40 15

40-50 y
50-60 5
Total 60

Ans. :
Number of
Monthly Consumption Cumulative Frequency
consumers (fi )

0-10 5 5

10-20 x 5+x
20-30 20 25 + x
30-40 15 40 + x

40-50 y 40 + x + y
50-60 5 45 + x + y

Page 7
 Number of
Monthly Consumption Cumulative Frequency
consumers (fi )

Total ∑ fi = n = 60

Here, ∑ f i = n = 60 , then n

2
=
60

2
= 30 , also, median of the distribution is 28.5, which
lies in interval 20 – 30.
∴ Median class = 20 – 30

So, l = 20, n = 60, f = 20, cf = 5 + x and h = 10

∵ 45 + x + y = 60

⇒ x + y = 15 ………...........(i)
n
−cf

Now, Median = l +[
2

f
]×h

30−(5+x)
⇒ 28.5 = 20 + [ ] × 10
20

30−5−x
⇒ 28.5 = 20 +
2

40+25−x
⇒ 28.5 =
2

⇒ 57.0 = 65 − x

⇒ x = 65 − 57 = 8

⇒ x=8
Putting the value of x in eq. (i), we get,
8 + y = 15
⇒ y = 7

Hence the value of x and y are 8 and 7 respectively.

8. A life insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100
policy holders. Calculate the median age, if policies are only given to persons
having age 18 years onwards but less than 60 year.
Age (in years) Number of policyholders

Below 20 2
Below 25 6

Below 30 24
Below 35 45
Below 40 78

Below 45 89
Below 50 92

Below 55 98
Below 60 100
 Ans. : To calculate the median age, we need to find the class intervals and their
corresponding frequencies.
It is shown below:

Class interval Frequency Cumulative Frequency

Below 20 2 2
20-25 4 6

25-30 18 24
30-35 21 45
35-40 33 78

40-45 11 89
45-50 3 92

50-55 6 98
55-60 2 100
Now, n = 100
So, =n

2
= 50
100

This observation lies in class 35 - 40.

So, 35 - 40 is the median class.
Therefore,
l = 35
h=5
cf = 45
f = 33
n

Median = l + h = 35 +
−cf
∴ (
2

f
)× (
50−45

33
)× 5

= 35 + = 35 + 0.76 = 35.76 years

25

33

Hence, the median age is 35.76 years.

9. The lengths of 40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to the nearest
millimeter, and the data obtained is represented in the following table:
Length (in mm) Number of leaves
118-126 3

127-135 5
136-144 9

145-153 12
154-162 5
 163-171 4

172-180 2
Find the median length of the leaves.
(Hints: The data needs to be converted to continuous classes for finding the
median, since the formula assumes continuous classes. The classes then change
to 117.5 - 126.5, 126.5 -135.5, …, 171.5 -180.5).
Ans. : We shall first convert the given data to continuous classes. Then, the data
become
Length (in mm) Number of leaves Cumulative frequency
117.5-126.5 3 3

126.5-135.5 5 8
135.5-144.5 9 17
144.5-153.5 12 29

153.5-162.5 5 34
162.5-171.5 4 38

171.5-180.5 2 40
Now, n = 40
So, n

2
=
40

2
= 20
This observation lies in the class 144.5 - 153.5.
So, 144.5 - 153.5 is the median class.
Therefore,
l = 144.5
h=9
cf = 17
f = 12
n
−cf

∴ Median = l + (
2

f
)× h = 144.5 + (
20−17

12
)× 9

= 144.5 + 2.25 = 146.75 mm

Hence, the median length of the leaves is 146.75 mm
10. The following table gives the distribution of the life time of 400 neon lamps:
Lite time (in hours) Number of lamps
1500-2000 14

2000-2500 56
2500-3000 60
3000-3500 86
 Lite time (in hours) Number of lamps

3500-4000 74
4000-4500 62
4500-5000 48
Find the median life time of a lamp.
Ans. :
Life time Number of lamps (f i) Cumulative frequency

1500-2000 14 14
2000-2500 56 14 + 56 = 70

2500-300 60 70 + 60 = 130
3000-3500 86 130 + 86 = 216
3500-4000 74 216 + 74 = 290
4000-4500 62 290 + 62 = 352
4500-5000 48 352 + 48 = 400

400
N = 400
Now we may observe that cumulative frequency just greater than n

2
(ie., 400

2
=
200) is 216
Median class = 3000 - 3500
n

Median = l + h
−cf
2
( )×
f

Here,
l = Lower limit of median class
F = Cumulative frequency of class prior to median class.
f = Frequency of median class.
h = Class size.
Lower limit (l) of median class = 3000
Frequency (f) of median class 86
Cumulative frequency (cf) of class preceding median class = 130
Class size (h) = 500

Median = 3000 + (
200−130

86
)× 500

= 3000 + 70×500

86

= 3406.98
11. 100 surnames were randomly picked up from a local telephone directory and
the frequency distribution of the number of letters in the English alphabets in
 the surnames was obtained as follows:
Number of letters 1-4 4-7 7-10 10-13 13-16 16-19
Number of surnames 6 30 40 16 4 4
Determine the median number of letters in the surnames. Find the mean
number of letters in the surnames? Also, find the modal size of the surnames.
Ans. : First, we will convert the graph given into tabular form as shown below:
Class interval Frequency (f i) Mid value (xi) f ixi Cumulative Frequency

1–4 6 2.5 15 6
4–7 30 5.5 165 36

7 – 10 40 8.5 340 76
10 – 13 16 11.5 184 92
13 – 16 4 14.5 58 96
16 – 19 4 17.5 70 100

N= ∑ f i = 100 Σfi xi = 832

i. N = 100
Mean =
Σf xi
i

N
=
832

100
= 8.32
ii. N

2
=
100

2
= 50
The cumulative frequency just greater than N

2
is 76, then the median class
is 7 - 10 such that
l = 7, h = 10 - 7 = 3, f = 40, F = 36
N

Median = l + h
−F
2
×
f

=7+ 50−36

40
× 3
= 7+ = 7 + 1.05 = 8.05
42

40

iii. Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

= 3 × 8.05 - 2 × 8.32 = 7.51
12. The distribution below gives the weights of 30 students of a class. Find the
median weight of the students.
Weight(in kg) Number of students
40-45 2

45-50 3
50-55 8
55-60 6
60-65 6
 Weight(in kg) Number of students
65-70 3

70-75 2

Ans. :
Weight Cumulative
Number of students
(in kg) frequency
40-45 2 2
45-50 3 5
50-55 8 13
55-60 6 19
60-65 6 25
65-70 3 28
70-75 2 30
Now, n = 30
So, =n

2
30
= 15
2

This observation lies in the class 55-60,

So, 55-60 is the median class.
Therefore,
l = 55
h=5
f=6
cf = 13
n
−cf

∴ Median = l +(
2

f
) × h = 55 + (
15−13

6
) ×5

10 5
= 55 + = 55 +
6 3

= 55 + 1.67 = 56.67
Hence, the median weight of the students is 56.67 kg.
13. The median of the following data is 525. Find the values of x and y, if the total
frequency is 100.
Class interval Frequency
0-100 2
100-200 5
200-300 x

300-400 12
400-500 17
500-600 20
 600-700 y
700-800 9
800-900 7

900-1000 4

Ans. :
Class intervals Frequency (f) Cumulative frequency (cf/F)
0-100 2 2
100-200 5 7

200-300 x 7+x
300-400 12 19 + x
400-500 17 36 + x
500-600 20 56 + x
600-700 y 56 + x + y

700-800 9 65 + x + y
800-900 7 72 + x + y
900-1000 4 76 + x + y
Total = 76 + x + y
We have,
N = Σf = 100
i

⇒ 76 + x + y = 100

⇒ x + y = 24

It is given that the median is 525. Clearly, it lies in the class 500 - 600
∴ l = 500, h = 100, f = 20, F = 36 + x and N = 100

N
−F

Now, Median = l + 2

f
× h
50−(36+x)
⇒ 525 = 500 + × 100
20

⇒ 525 - 500 = (14 - x)5

⇒ 25 = 70 - 5x
⇒ 5x = 45
⇒ x = 9

Putting x = 9 in x + y = 24, we get y = 15

Hence, x = 9 and y = 15
----- -----
 PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI
STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 51
CH-14- MLM (PROBABILITY)

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [35]

1. The probability of a certain event is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/2 (D) -1
Ans. : (b):The probability of a certain event is always 1 .
2. Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event?
(A) 1

2
(B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 1.5

Ans. : (d):For probability of an event E, 0 ≤ P (E) ≤ 1 .

3. If probability of success is 0.9% , then probability of failure is
(A) 0.91 (B) 0.091 (C) 99.1 (D) 0.991
Ans. : (d):Probability of failure = 1 - Probability of success
0.9 9 1000−9 991
= 1− = 1− = = = 0.991
100 1000 1000 1000

4. If P (E) = 0.01 , then P (not E) is equal to

(A) 0.09 (B) 0.1 (C) 0.9 (D) 0.99

Ans. : (d):P (not E) = 1 − P (E) = 1 − 0.01 = 0.99

5. A single letter is selected at random from the word 'PROBABILITY'. The
probability that it is a vowel is
(A) 3

11
(B) 4

11
(C) 2

11
(D) 5

11

Ans. : (b):Total number of letters in the word

'PROBABILITY' = 11
∴ Total number of possible outcomes = 11
Vowels in the word 'PROBABILITY' are {O, A, I , I }
So, favourable number of outcomes = 4
∴ Required probability =
4

11

6. A letter is chosen at random from the English alphabets. Find the probability
that the letter chosen succeeds V .
(A) 2

13
(B) 5

26
(C) 1

26
(D) 1

Ans. : (a):Total number of outcomes = 26

Letters succeeding V are {W , X, Y , Z} i.e.,

favourable number of outcomes is 4 .
∴ Required probability =
4

26
=
2

13

7. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting no head is

Page 1
 (A) 1
(B) 1

2
(C) 3
(D) 1
4 4

Ans. : (a):Total possible outcomes are {HH, HT , T H, T T } i.e., 4 in number.

Favourable outcome is {T T } i.e., 1 in number.
∴ P( getting no head )=
1

8. In a single throw of a die, the probability of getting a multiple of 2 is

(A) 1

2
(B) 1

3
(C) 1

6
(D) 2

Ans. : (a):Total number of possible outcomes = 6

Favourable outcomes of getting multiple of 2 are {2, 4, 6} i.e., 3 in number.

∴ Required probability =
3

6
=
1

9. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of drawing a black face
card is
(A) 2

13
(B) 26
3
(C) 1

13
(D) 3

52

Ans. : (b):Total number of cards = 52

Number of black face cards = 6

6 3
∴ P ( getting a black face card ) = =
52 26

10. A box contains 100 discs, numbered from 1 to 100. If one disc is drawn at
random from the box, then the probability that it bears a prime number less
than 30 , is
(A) 100
7
(B) 10
1
(C) 4

50
(D) 9

50

Ans. : (b):Total number of possible outcomes = 100

Let E be the event 'drawing a prime number less than 30

∘
.
Outcomes favourable to E are {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 , 23, 29} i.e., 10 in number.
10 1
∴ P (E) = =
100 10

11. If a die is thrown, then what is the probability of getting a number less than 4
and greater than 3 ?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1

3
(D) 2

Ans. : (a):There is no such number lie on a die, which is less than 4 and greater
than 3 .
∴ Required probability = 0
12. In a single throw of a pair of dice, the probability of getting the sum as a perfect
square is
(A) 7

36
(B) 36
5
(C) 8

36
(D) 11

36

Ans. : (a):Total number of possible outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36

Let E be the event 'getting the sum as a perfect square'.
∴ Outcomes favorable to E are {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1) , (3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3)∣ i.e., 7 in

Page 2
 number.
7
∴ P (E) =
36

13. A card is accidently dropped from a pack of 52 playing cards. The probability
that it is a red card is
(A) 1

2
(B) 1

13
(C) 1

52
(D) 12

13

Ans. : (a):Total number of possible outcomes = 52

∵ Number of red cards = 26

So, number of favourable outcomes = 26
∴ Required probability =
26

52
=
1

14. A letter is chosen at random from the English alphabet. Probability that it is a
letter of the word "SIMULTANEOUSLY" is
(A) 14

26
(B) 11

26
(C) 10

26
(D) 15

26

Ans. : (b):Total number of possible outcomes = 26

Distinct letters in the word "SIMULTANEOUSLY" are {S, I, M, U, L, T, A, N, E, O, Y} i.e.,
11 in number.
So, favourable number of outcomes = 11
∴ Required probability =
11

26

15. A child has a block in the shape of a cube with one letter written on each face as
follows:

The cube is thrown once. What is the probability of getting A ?

(A) 1

3
(B) 1

6
(C) 1

2
(D) 1

Ans. : (a):Total number of possible outcomes = 6

As there are two A 's.

∴ Favourable number of outcomes = 2

∴ Required probability =
2

6
=
1

16. A bag contains 4 red, 5 black and 3 yellow balls. A ball is taken out of the bag at
random. Find the probability that the ball taken out is not of yellow colour.
(A) 2

3
(B) 1

3
(C) 3

4
(D) 1

Ans. : (c):Total number of possible outcomes = 4 + 5 + 3 = 12

Favourable number of outcomes = 5+4 = 9

∴ Required probability =
9

12
=
3

17. A bag contains 12 red roses only. Shalini takes out one rose without looking into
the bag. The probability that she takes out an orange rose is
(A) 1

2
(B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

Page 3
 Ans. : (b):Since, there is no orange rose in the bag.
∴ Required probability = 0

18. A month is selected at random from a year. The probability that it is May or July
is
(A) 1

12
(B) 1

6
(C) 3

4
(D) 1

Ans. : (b):Number of months in a year = 12

So, total number of possible outcomes = 12

Favourable outcomes are May or July i.e., 2
∴ Required probability =
2

12
=
1

19. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that the
drawn card is not a king is
(A) 1

13
(B) 9

13
(C) 13
4
(D) 12

13

Ans. : (d):Total number of possible outcomes = 52

Number of king cards in the pack = 4

∴ Number of cards that are not king = 52 − 4 = 48
So, favourable number of outcomes = 48
∴ Required probability =
48

52
=
12

13

20. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting an odd prime number.
(A) 1

2
(B) 1

3
(C) 1

6
(D) 1

Ans. : (b):Total possible outcomes are (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} i.e., 6 in number.

Favourable outcomes are {3, 5} i.e., 2 in number.
∴ Required probability =
2

6
=
1

21. A card is drawn from a pack of well-shuffled deck of 52 playing cards. The
probability that the number on the card is a perfect square is
(A) 2

13
(B) 3

13
(C) 13
5
(D) 7

52

Ans. : (a):Perfect square numbers on the cards are [4, 9} i.e., 2 in number.
∴ Total number of favourable outcomes = 4 × 2 = 8

Total number of possible outcomes = 52

∴ Required probability =
8

52
=
13
2

22. An integer is chosen between 0 to 50 . What is the probability that it is divisible

by 4 ?
(A) 12

49
(B) 13

49
(C) 1

7
(D) 4

49

Ans. : (a):Total number of possible outcomes = 49

Favourable outcomes are {4, 8, 12, … , 48} i.e., 12 in number.

∴ Required probability =
12

49

23. A die is thrown once. The probability of getting a non-prime number is

Page 4
 (A) 2

3
(B) 1

3
(C) 1

2
(D) 1

Ans. : (c):Total number of possible outcomes = 6

Favourable outcomes are {1, 4, 6} i.e., 3 in number.

∴ P( getting a non-prime number )=
3

6
=
1

24. The probability expressed as a percentage of a particular occurrence can never

be
(A) Less than 100 (B) less than 0
(C) greater than 1 (D) anything but a whole number

Ans. : (b):We know that, the probability expressed as a percentage always lies from
0 to 100 . So, it cannot be less than 0 .
25. When a die is thrown, the probability of getting an odd number less than 3 is
(A) 1

6
(B) 1

3
(C) 1

2
(D) 0

Ans. : (a):When a die is thrown, then total number of possible outcomes = 6

Odd number less than 3 is 1 only.

∴ Number of favourable outcomes = 1

∴ Required probability =
1

26. A card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards. The event E is that card is not an ace
of hearts. The number of outcomes favourable to E is
(A) 4 (B) 13 (C) 48 (D) 51
Ans. : (d):In a deck of 52 cards, there are 13 cards of hearts and 1 of them is ace of
heart.
Hence, the number of outcomes favourable to E = 52 − 1 = 51

27. One ticket is drawn at random from a bag containing tickets numbered 1 to 40 .
The probability that the selected ticket has a number, which is a multiple of 5 is
(A) 1

5
(B) 3

5
(C) 4

5
(D) 1

Ans. : (a):Total number of outcomes = 40

Multiples of 5 from 1 to 40 are {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40}

So, number of favourable outcomes = 8

∴ Required probability =
8

40
=
1

28. A letter is chosen at random from the letters of the word 'PRONUNCIATION'.
Find the probability that the letter chosen is a vowel.
(A) 6

13
(B) 2

3
(C) 1

8
(D) 7

13

Ans. : (a):∵ There are 13 letters in the given word.

∴ Total number of possible outcomes = 13
Vowels are O, U, I, A, I, O i.e., 6 in number.

Page 5
 ∴ Favourable number of outcomes = 6

∴ Required probability = 6/13

29. A bag contains 4 red and 6 black balls. A ball is taken out of the bag at random.
Find the probability of getting a black ball.
(A) 1

5
(B) 2

5
(C) 4

5
(D) 3

Ans. : (d):Number of red balls = 4

Number of black balls = 6
Total number of balls in the bag = 4 + 6 = 10
∴ P( getting a black ball )=
6

10
=
3

30. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting a number which is not a
factor of 36 .
(A) 1

3
(B) 1

2
(C) 1

6
(D) 5

Ans. : (c):Let E be the event of getting a number on the die which is not a factor of
36 and this number is 5 .
Total number of possible outcomes = 6 Number of outcomes favourable to event
E = 1

∴ Required probability =
1

31. The blood group of 16 students of class X are recorded as follows :

A, B, O, O, AB, O, A, O, B, A, O, B, A, O, O, AB

Find the probability of selecting a student with blood group .

O

(A) 5

16
(B) 7

16
(C) 3

16
(D) 1

Ans. : (b):Total number of possible outcomes = 16

Let E be an event of selecting a student with blood group .
O

So, favourable number of outcomes = 7

7
∴ P (E) =
16

32. A box contains 100 red cards, 200 yellow cards and 50 blue cards. If a card is
drawn at random from the box, then find the probability that it will be neither
yellow nor a blue card.
(A) 1

7
(B) 2

7
(C) 3

7
(D) 5

Ans. : (b):Total number of cards = 100 + 200 + 50 = 350

Total number of possible outcomes = 350
Number of favourable outcomes = Number of red cards

= 100

∴ P( neither getting yellow nor a blue card) =

100

350
=
2

33. Sunita picked a prime number from the integers 1 to 20 . The probability that it
will be the number 13 is
(A) 1

20
(B) 1

8
(C) 2

7
(D) 13

20

Page 6
 Ans. : (b):∵ Prime number between 1 to 20 are {2, 3, 5, 7 , 11, 13, 17, 19}
So, total number of outcomes = 8
Favourable outcome is {13} i.e., 1
∴ Required probability =
1

34. A box contains 100 memory cards out of which 25 are good and 75 are
defective. A memory card is selected at random. The probability that selected
memory card is defective is
(A) 1

4
(B) 1

2
(C) 3

4
(D) 1

Ans. : (c):Total number of possible outcomes = 100

Favourable number of outcomes = 75

P( selecting a defective memory card )=
75

100
=
3

35. A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow on a circular board, divided into
8 equal parts, which comes to rest pointing at one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, … . , 8
as shown in the given figure which are equally likely outcomes. What is the
probability that the arrow will point at a number which is less than 9 .

(A) 1

2
(B) 1

3
(C) 1

8
(D) 1

Ans. : (d):Total number of outcomes = 8

Favourable outcomes are {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} i.e., 8 in number.

∴ P( getting a number less than 9)= 8

8
= 1

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [16]

36. Suppose we throw a die once.

a. What is the probability of getting a number greater than 4?
b. What is the probability of getting a number less than or equal to 4?
Ans. :
i. Let E be the event that ‘getting a number greater than 4’.
The number of possible outcomes is six: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and the
outcomes favourable to E are 5 and 6.
Therefore, the number of outcomes favourable to E is 2.
so, P(E) = P(number greater than 4) = = 2

6
1

ii. Let F be the event that ‘getting a number less than or equal to 4’.
Number of possible outcomes = 6
Outcomes favourable to the event F are 1, 2, 3, 4.
 so, the number of outcomes favourable to F is 4.
Therefore, P(F) =
4

6
=
2

37. One card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Calculate the
probability that the card will
i. be an ace,
ii. not be an ace.
Ans. : Well-shuffling ensures equally likely outcomes.
i. There are 4 aces in a deck. Let E be the event ‘the card is an ace’.
The number of outcomes favourable to E = 4
The number of possible outcomes = 52
Therefore, P(E) = 4

52
=
13
1

ii. Let F be the event ‘card drawn is not an ace’.

The number of outcomes favourable to the event F = 52 - 4 = 48
The number of possible outcomes = 52
Therefore, P(F) = 48

52
=
12

13

38. A bag contains lemon flavoured candies only. Malini takes out one candy
without looking into the bag. What is the probability that she takes out
i. an orange flavoured candy?
ii. a lemon flavoured candy?
Ans. : Since, P(E) + P (not E) = 1
P (not E) = 1 - P(E) = 1 - 0.05 = 0.95
39. A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which comes to rest pointing at
one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (see figure) and these are equally likely
outcomes. What is the probability that it will point at:

i. 8?
ii. an odd number?
iii. a number greater than 2?
iv. a number less than 9?
Ans. : Probability that two students are not having same birthday = P(E) = 0.992
We know, probability of occurrence of an event and probability of non occurrence
of event = 1
∴ P(E) + ¯
¯¯¯
P (E ) =1
⇒ 0.992 + ¯
¯¯¯
P (E ) =1
⇒P (E )
¯
¯¯¯
= 1 - 0.992
 ¯
= 0.008
¯¯¯
⇒P (E )

Hence, P(two students have the same birthday) = 0.008

40. Five cards—the ten, jack, queen, king and ace of diamonds, are well-shuffled
with their face downwards. One card is then picked up at random.
i. What is the probability that the card is the queen?
ii. If the queen is drawn and put aside, what is the probability that the
second card picked up is
a. an ace?
b. a queen?
Ans. : Total number of favourable outcomes = 5
N umber of f avourble outcomes
P roabibilty of the event =
T otal number of possible outcomes

i. (i) There is only one queen.

∴ Favourable outcome = 1

Hence, P (the queen) = 1

ii. In this situation, total number of favourable outcomes = 4

a. Favourable outcome = 1
Hence, P (an ace) = 1

b. There is no card as queen.

∴ Favourable outcome = 0
Hence, P (the queen) = 0

4
= 0 ​
41. 12 defective pens are accidentally mixed with 132 good ones. It is not possible to
just look at a pen and tell whether or not it is defective. One pen is taken out at
random from this lot. Determine the probability that the pen taken out is a good
one.
Ans. : Total number of pens = 132 + 12 = 144
Number of good pens = 132
Let E be the event of getting a good pen.
Therefore, P(getting a good pen), P(E) =
Number of outcomes favorable to E 132 11
= =
Number of all possible outcomes 144 12

Thus, the probability of getting a good pen is 11

12
.
42. i. A lot of 20 bulbs contain 4 defective ones. One bulb is drawn at random
from the lot. What is the probability that this bulb is defective?
ii. Suppose the bulb drawn in (i) is not defective and is not replaced. Now
one bulb is drawn at random from the rest. What is the probability that
this bulb is not defective?
Ans. :
i. Total number of favourable outcomes = 20
N umber of f avourble outcomes
P robablity of the event =
T otal number of possible outcomes
 Number of favourable outcomes = 4
Hence P (getting a defective bulb) = 4

20
=
1

ii. Now total number of favourable outcomes = 20 - 1 = 19

Number of favouroable outcomes = 19 - 4 = 15
Hence P (getting a non-defective bulb) = 15

19

43. A lot consists of 144 ball pens of which 20 are defective and the others are
good. Nuri will buy a pen if it is good, but will not buy if it is defective. The
shopkeeper draws one pen at random and gives it to her. What is the
probability that
i. she will buy it?
ii. she will not buy it?
Ans. : Total number of favourable outcomes = 144
N umber of f avourble outcomes
P roabibilty of the event =
T otal number of possible outcomes

i. Number of non-defective pens = 144 - 20 = 124

Number of favourable outcomes = 124
Hence P (she will buy) = P (a non-defective pen) = 124

144
=
31

36

ii. Number of favourable outcomes = 20

Hence P (she will not buy) = P (a defective pen) = 20

144
=
5

36

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