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LTE Load Balancing Parameters

The document outlines various parameters and configurations related to load balancing and mobility management in LTE networks. It includes thresholds for signal strength, measurement configurations, and policies for cell reselection and handover. Additionally, it discusses the handling of quality of service profiles and the conditions under which load balancing is allowed or not allowed.

Uploaded by

Mahamad Barznji
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views275 pages

LTE Load Balancing Parameters

The document outlines various parameters and configurations related to load balancing and mobility management in LTE networks. It includes thresholds for signal strength, measurement configurations, and policies for cell reselection and handover. Additionally, it discusses the handling of quality of service profiles and the conditions under which load balancing is allowed or not allowed.

Uploaded by

Mahamad Barznji
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

sNonIntraSearch a5Threshold2Rsrp

sNonIntraSearch

a5Threshold2Rsrp

threshServingLow a5Threshold1Rsrp
b2Threshold1Rsrp

lbBnrPolicy NOT_ALLOWED EUtranFreqRelation


lbBnrAllowed false EUtranCellRelation
loadBalancing NOT_ALLOWED ALLOWED
EUtranCellRelation
EUtranCellRelation isRemoveAllowed false
loadBalancing ALLOWED EUtranCellRelation
loadBalancing NOT_ALLOWED

a5Threshold2Rsrp
a5Threshold2Rsrp
threshXHigh
a5Threshold2Rsrp threshXHigh

a5Threshold2Rsrp

lbQciProfileHandling = FORBIDDEN

lbA5Threshold2RsrpOffset lbA5Threshold2RsrqOffset
dynCellSubscrCap
cellSubscriptionCapacity

loadBalancing
(EUtranCellRelation)

cellSubscriptionCapacity
(EUtranCellFDD/TDD)

qciSubscriptionQuanta
(QciProfilePredefined,
QciProfileOperatorDefined)

lbThreshold
(LoadBalancingFunction)
lbCeiling
(LoadBalancingFunction)
lbRateOffsetLoadThreshold
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbRateOffsetCoefficient
(LoadBalancingFunction)

a5Threshold1Rsrp
(ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb)

lbA5Thr1RsrpFreqOffset
(EUtranFreqRelation)

a5Threshold2Rsrp
(ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb)

a5Threshold2Rsrq
(ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb)

bothA5RsrpRsrqCheck
hysteresisA5
(ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb)
sMeasure
(UeMeasControl)

lbHitRateEUtranMeasUeThreshold 2
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbHitRateEUtranAddThreshold 15
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbHitRateEUtranRemoveThreshold 2
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbHitRateEUtranMeasUeIntensity 1
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbBnrPolicy AUTO
(EUtranFreqRelation) loadBalancing
lbBnrAllowed true
(EUtranCellRelation) loadBalancing
true false

lbMeasScalingLimit 30 (3)
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbQciProfileHandling FORBIDDEN
(EUtranFreqRelation) (QCI1,QCI65,QCI66,QCI69)
ALLOWED (other QCIs)
lbA5Threshold2RsrpOffset 4
(EUtranFreqRelation)
0


[Link]

1 (COVERS), 2 (OVERLAP), 3 (CONTAINED_IN), 0 (NONE)

1(COVERS)

covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed = false

[Link]


crsGain
qRxLevMin crsGain
– qRxLevMin
qRxLevMin)

crsGain a2CriticalThresholdRsrp

crsGain -hysteresisA2CriticalRsrp

b2Threshold1Rsrp
-hysteresisB2

qRxLevMin

b2Threshold2RscpUtra
+hysteresisB2

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp

+a2OuterSearchThrRsrpOffset

-hysteresisA2OuterSearchRsrp

qRxLevMin
threshServingLow
+threshServingLow

qRxLevMin
qRxLevMin
qRxLevMin

threshXLow
qRxLevMin
+threshXLow

threshHigh threshServingLow

qRxLevMin
threshHigh

ReportConfigA5.
crsGain
a5Threshold1Rsrp
crsGain
-ReportConfigA5.
hysteresisA5

ReportConfigA5.
a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ReportConfigA5.
hysteresisA5

ReportConfigA5.
a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ReportConfigA5.
hysteresisA5
+EUtranFreqRelation.
a5Thr2RsrpFreqOffset
bothA5RsrpRsrqCheck = true
a5Threshold2Rsrq
ReportConfigA5.
a5Threshold2Rsrq
+ReportConfigA5.
hysteresisA5
a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp

-hysteresisA2OuterSearchRsrp

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp

+hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrp

threshServingLow
sNonIntraSearch
qRxLevMin
+sNonIntraSearch

qHyst qHyst

ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
a5Threshold1Rsrp
ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
hysteresisA5
sNonIntraSearch

sNonIntraSearch
ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
hysteresisA5

ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
a5Threshold2Rsrq
+ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
hysteresisA5

sNonIntraSearch

sNonIntraSearch
ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
hysteresisA5
+EUtranFreqRelation.
eUtranFreqToQciProfileRelation.
lbA5Threshold2RsrpOffset

ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
a5Threshold2Rsrq
+ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
hysteresisA5

threshXHigh threshXHigh threshServingLow


threshXHigh
threshServingLow
qRxLevMin
threshServingLow
+threshXHigh

threshXHigh

threshXHigh
ReportConfigA5.
crsGain
a5Threshold1Rsrp
crsGain -ReportConfigA5.
hysteresisA5

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp

-hysteresisA2OuterSearchRsrp

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp

+hysteresisA2OuterSearchRsrp

ReportConfigA5.
a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ReportConfigA5.
hysteresisA5

ReportConfigA5.
bothA5RsrpRsrqCheck = true a5Threshold2Rsrq
a5Threshold2Rsrq +ReportConfigA5.
hysteresisA5

qRxLevMin
threshServingLow “stickiness” in the sticky carrier between the
+threshServingLow

threshServingLow
sNonIntraSearch

threshServingLow qRxLevMin
+sNonIntraSearch
threshServingLow
Note that this is lower than the source cell’s threshServingLow
threshServingLow
threshXLow
qRxLevMin
+threshXLow

threshServingLow
threshXLow
qRxLevMin
+threshXLow

threshXHigh

threshXHigh
ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
a5Threshold1Rsrp
-ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
hysteresisA5

ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
a5Threshold1Rsrp
-ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
hysteresisA5
+EUtranFreqRelation.
lbA5Thr1RsrpFreqOffset

ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
hysteresisA5

ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
a5Threshold2Rsrq
+ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.
hysteresisA5
csFallbackPrio

altCsfbTargetPrio


coverageIndicator COVERS
UtranCellRelation covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed true
EUtranCellFDD/TDD

coverageIndicator

altCsfbTargetPrio
coverageIndicator OVERLAP

mobilityActionCsfb
HANDOVER csFallbackPrio
RELEASE_WITH_REDIRECT_NACC
altCsfbTargetPrio

csFallbackPrio
(UtranFreqRelation)

altCsfbTargetPrio
(UtranFreqRelation)
mobilityActionCsfb HANDOVER
(UtranFreqRelation) RELEASE_WITH_
REDIRECT_NACC csFallbackPrio

altCsfbTargetPrio
coverageIndicator COVERS, COVERS
(UtranCellRelation) OVERLAP,
NONE OVERLAP
NONE

maxNoCellsNaccCsfb
(ENodeBFunction)
covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed true
(EUtranCellFDD/TDD)
coverageIndicator TRUE

coverageIndicator = true

ueMeasurementsActiveUTRAN true
(UeMeasControl)

csfbHoTargetSearchTimer
(UeMeasControl)

csfbMeasFromIdleMode true
(ENodeBFunction)

thresholdRscp
(ReportConfigCsfbUtra)
rejCsfbPshoSrbOnDch
(Handover)
Scenario 4: Regional Spectrum Boundaries


qRxLevMin
threshServingLow
threshXLow
[Link] EVENT_A3

sNonIntraSearch
qHyst
dl/ulFrequencyAllocationProportion
dl/ulConfigurableFrequencyStart

Scenario 5: Network with TDD LTE

cellReselectionPriority
the other vendor’s equipment does not support the exchange of
Appendix 1 – Feature Summaries

Key LTE Features

< qRxLevMin + sIntraSearch

this font
qRxLevMin qQualMin
sNonIntraSearch
qRxLevMin

“F1 above
sNonIntraSearch” means “The RSRP of the F1 f sNonIntraSearch
qRxLevMin”

> qRxLevMin

> qQualMin

qRxLevMin qQualMin
qRxLevMin

cellReselectionPriority EUtranFreqRelation

connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio

Cells can be “blacklisted”

[Link]
EUtranCellRelation
EUtranCellRelation isHoAllowed
includeInSystemInformation
< qRxLevMin + sIntraSearch

sIntraSearchv920Active = true

< qRxLevMin + sIntraSearchP

< qQualMin + sIntraSearchQ

sIntraSearch

- > qHyst + qOffsetCellEUtran

> qRxLevMin

> qQualMin

tReselectionEutra

qHyst
a3offset hysteresisA3

qHyst
tReselectionEutra

qOffsetCellEUtran

qRxLevMin qQualMin

cellReselectionPriority EUtranFreqRelation
UtranFreqRelation GeranFreqGroupRelation

cellReselectionPriority

cellReselectionPriority

cellReselectionPriority

cellReselectionPriority

< qRxLevMin + sNonIntraSearch


sNonIntraSearchv920Active = true

< qRxLevMin + sNonIntraSearchP

< qQualMin + sNonIntraSearchQ

sNonIntraSearch

> qRxLevMin + threshXHigh

threshServingLowQ

> qQualMin + threshXHighQ

threshServingLow
threshXLow

< qRxLevMin + threshServingLow

> qRxLevMin + threshXLow

threshServingLowQ

< qQualMin + threshServingLowQ

> qQualMin + threshXLowQ

- > qHyst - qOffsetFreq + qOffsetCellEUtran

> qRxLevMin
> qQualMin

tReselectionEutra
tReselectionNR

tReselectionUtra
tReselectionGeran

threshXHigh threshXLow qOffsetFreq qQualMin tReselectionEutra


qHyst threshServingLow tReselectionUtra
tReselectionGeran qRxLevMin


sMeasure sMeasure

sIntraSearch

triggerQuantityA3

filterCoefficientEUtraRsrp filterCoefficientEUtraRsrq

triggerQuantityA3 = RSRP

– a3offset/10 + hysteresisA3/10
- cellIndividualOffsetEUtran

timeToTriggerA3

timeToTriggerA3

– a3offset/10 - hysteresisA3/10
- cellIndividualOffsetEUtran

triggerQuantityA3 = RSRQ
UeMeasControl.bothIntraA3RsrpRsrqCheck = true

EUtranFreqRelation.cioQci1Enabled = true
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1
a3offset EUtranFreqRelation
timeToTriggerA3 EUtranFreqRelation

a3offset hysteresisA3
qHyst

triggerQuantityA3 a3offset hysteresisA3


timeToTriggerA3 ReportConfigEUtraBestCell
sMeasure filterCoefficientEUtraRsrp filterCoefficientEUtraRsrq
UeMeasControl cellIndividualOffsetEUtran
cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1 EUtranCellRelation
considered a form of “coverage triggered” handover.

Mobility Control at Poor Coverage


Mobility Control at Poor Coverage
coverageIndicator – EUtranCellRelation
COVERS
CONTAINED_IN OVERLAP
NONE COVERS

mobilityAction – EUtranFreqRelation
HANDOVER RELEASE_WITH_REDIRECT

covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed – EUtranCellFDD/TDD
true false
mobCtrlAtPoorCovActive true

inhibitA2SearchConfig 0 NOT_INHIBIT 1
INHIBIT_A2SEARCH_RSRQ 2 INHIBIT_A2SEARCH_RSRP
connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq
hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrp hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrq

ReportConfigSearch
ReportConfigA1Prim ReportConfigA1Sec
ReportConfigA2Prim ReportConfigA2Sec

a2OuterSearchThrRsrpOffset
a2OuterSearchThrRsrqOffset

a2CriticalThresholdRsrp a2CriticalThresholdRsrq

ReportConfigSearch

lbUeEvaluationTimer

a5B2MobilityTimer
[Link] EVENT_A5
EVENT_A3 ueMeasurementsActiveIF
ueMeasurementsActiveUTRAN ueMeasurementsActiveGERAN
ueMeasurementsActiveCDMA2000
UeMeasControl ueMeasurementsActive

ueMeasurementsActiveIF = TRUE

ueMeasurementsActiveGERAN = TRUE

ueMeasurementsActiveUtran = TRUE
UtranCellRelation

ueMeasurementsActiveCDMA2000 = TRUE
Cdma2000CellRelation

voicePrio
connectedModeMobilityPrio

voicePrio connectedModeMobilityPrio

[Link]
ReportConfigA5.triggerQuantityA5

a5Threshold1Rsrp a5Threshold1Rsrq
a5Threshold2Rsrp a5Threshold2Rsrq
ReportConfigA5
UeMeasControl.bothA5RsrpRsrqCheck = true

ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell.
triggerQuantityA3
a3RsrpOffset +
hysteresisA3 a3offset + a3RsrqOffset + hysteresisA3 +
hysteresisa3RsrqOffset

ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell UeMeasControl.
bothInterA3RsrpRsrqCheck = true

a3offset EUtranFreqRelation

b2Threshold1Rsrp
b2Threshold1Rsrq b2Threshold2RscpUtra
b2Threshold2EcNoUtra
ReportConfigB2Utra

ReportConfigB2Utra.triggerQuantityB2
UeMeasControl.inhibitB2RsrqConfig = TRUE

[Link] RSCP ECNO

UeMeasControl.bothB2RscpEcNoCheck = true

qOffsetFreq

qOffsetFreq

qOffsetFreq
ReportConfigB2Geran ReportConfigB2Cdma2000

UeMeasControl
maxMeasInterFreqEUtra = 1 7, maxMeasUtraFdd = 1 5

maxMeasInterFreqEUtraIncR12

connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio

voicePrio
Cdma2000FreqRelation

is the UE’s decision which to measure

connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio
[Link]
connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio
lowPrioMeasThresh
connectedModeMobilityPrio

UeMeasControl.a5B2MobilityTimer

connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio

mobilityAction
HANDOVER

OPERABLE

OPERABLE

EUtranCellRelation
isHoAllowed TRUE
cell’s PCI falls into the non

bothInterA3RsrpRsrqCheck = TRUE

bothA5RsrpRsrqCheck = TRUE
bothB2RscpEcNoCheck = TRUE

UeMeasControl.allowReleaseQci1 false
OPERABLE
EUtranCellFDD/[Link]

excludeInterFreqAtCritical

connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio

voicePrio
Cdma2000FreqRelation

[Link]

searchEffortTime

mobilityAction
HANDOVER

OPERABLE
OPERABLE

isHoAllowed true

coverageIndicator COVERS

covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed true

allowReleaseQci1 false
OPERABLE
EUtranCellFDD/[Link]


UeMeasControl.checkA2SearchLevel
false

In this case there is no other RAT and there is a definite “best coverage” LTE layer,

this handover has multiple benefits, as described in “Section


”. From LTE 3 and LTE 2 configure the critical coverage

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp

In this case there is no other RAT and also no definite “best coverage” layer on LTE. Either

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp

“best coverage” LTE layer. Use Event A5 for handover between the two “best coverage”

and how to control the impacts. The term “legacy mobility” is


ReportConfigEUtraBadCovPrim a2ThresholdRsrpPrim
a2ThresholdRsrqPrim
hysteresisA2Prim
timeToTriggerA2Prim
triggerQuantityA2Prim
ReportConfigEUtraBadCovSec a2ThresholdRsrpSec
a2ThresholdRsrqSec
hysteresisA2Sec
timeToTriggerA2Sec
triggerQuantityA2Sec
ReportConfigA1Prim a1ThresholdRsrpPrim
a1ThresholdRsrqPrim
hysteresisA1Prim
timeToTriggerA1Prim
ReportConfigA1Sec a1ThresholdRsrpSec
a1ThresholdRsrqSec
hysteresisA1Sec
timeToTriggerA1Sec

ReportConfigSearch a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp
a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq
a2OuterSearchThrRsrpOffset
a2OuterSearchThrRsrqOffset
a2CriticalThresholdRsrp
a2CriticalThresholdRsrq
hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrp
hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrq
hysteresisA2CriticalRsrp
hysteresisA2CriticalRsrq
hysteresisA2OuterSearchRsrp
hysteresisA2OuterSearchRsrq
timeToTriggerA1Search
timeToTriggerA1SearchRsrq
timeToTriggerA2Critical
timeToTriggerA2CriticalRsrq
timeToTriggerA2OutSearch
timeToTriggerA2OutSearchRsrq
timeToTriggerA2Search
timeToTriggerA2SearchRsrq
a5B2MobilityTimer

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp =
((a2ThresholdRsrpPrim - hysteresisA2Prim/10) +
(a1ThresholdRsrpPrim + hysteresisA1Prim/10))/2

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq

a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq =
((a2ThresholdRsrqSec - hysteresisA2Sec/10) +
(a1ThresholdRsrqSec + hysteresisA1Sec/10))/2

hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrp

hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrp =
((a1ThresholdRsrpPrim*10 + hysteresisA1Prim) -
(a2ThresholdRsrpPrim*10 - hysteresisA2Prim))/2

hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrq

hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrq =
((a1ThresholdRsrqSec*10 + hysteresisA1Sec) -
(a2ThresholdRsrqSec*10 - hysteresisA2Sec))/2

a2CriticalThresholdRsrp
hysteresisA2CriticalRsrp

a2CriticalThresholdRsrp =
a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp - hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrp/10 - 3

a2CriticalThresholdRsrq
hysteresisA2CriticalRsrq

a2CriticalThresholdRsrq =
a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq - hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrq/10 - 2

hysteresisA2CriticalRsrp = 10
hysteresisA2CriticalRsrq = 10

timeToTriggerA1Search = timeToTriggerA1Prim

timeToTriggerA1SearchRsrq = timeToTriggerA1Sec

timeToTriggerA2Search = timeToTriggerA2Prim

timeToTriggerA2SearchRsrq = timeToTriggerA2Sec

timeToTriggerA2Critical = timeToTriggerA2Prim

timeToTriggerA2CriticalRsrq = timeToTriggerA2Sec

filterCoefficientEUtraRsrp
filterCoefficientEUtraRsrq sMeasure

ReportConfigA5 triggerQuantityA5 RSRP, RSRQ


ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell triggerQuantityA3 RSRP, RSRQ
ReportConfigB2Utra triggerQuantityB2* RSRP, RSRQ
ReportConfigB2Geran triggerQuantityB2* RSRP, RSRQ
inhibitA2SearchConfig INHIBIT_A2SEARCH_RSRQ
INHIBIT_A2SEARCH_RSRP
NOT_INHIBIT

bothIntraA3RsrpRsrqCheck
bothInterA3RsrpRsrqCheck bothA5RsrpRsrqCheck

bothB2RscpEcNoCheck true

inhibitB2RsrqConfig true

measQuantityUtraFDD UeMeasControl

EUtranFreqRelation
interFreqMeasType

ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell a3RsrqOffset
ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell hysteresisA3RsrqOffset
ReportConfigA5 hysteresisA5RsrqOffset
ReportConfigB2Utra hysteresisB2RsrqOffset
ReportConfigB2Geran hysteresisB2RsrqOffset

ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell timeToTriggerA3
ReportConfigA5 timeToTriggerA5
ReportConfigB2Utra timeToTriggerB2
ReportConfigB2Geran timeToTriggerB2

ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell timeToTriggerA3Rsrq
ReportConfigA5 timeToTriggerA5Rsrq
ReportConfigB2Utra timeToTriggerB2Rsrq
ReportConfigB2Geran timeToTriggerB2Rsrq

ueMeasurementsActive
UeMeasControl true false

UeMeasControl ueMeasurementsActiveIF
ueMeasurementsActiveUTRAN ueMeasurementsActiveGERAN
ueMeasurementsActiveCDMA2000

ueMeasurementsActive

voicePrio

connectedModeMobilityPrio

allowReleaseQci1 true
connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio

lowPrioMeasThresh

EUtranCellFDD/[Link]

a5B2MobilityTimer

a5B2MobilityTimer

a5B2MobilityTimer

a5B2MobilityTimer

excludeInterFreqAtCritical
searchEffortTime
allowReleaseQci1 = true

EUtranCellFDD/[Link]

[Link]
[Link]

ReportConfigSearch
[Link]
[Link]
EUtranFreqRelation
[Link]
UtranFreqRelation
[Link]
GeranFreqGroupRelation
GeranFreqGroupRelation.GeranFreqRelQciB2ThrOffsets

With legacy mobility, when a UE enters poor coverage the “target good enough”

voicePrio
connectedModeMobilityPrio
a5b2MobilityTimer

qciA1A2ThrOffsets
ReportConfigSearch

a1a2ThrRsrpQciOffset
a1a2ThrRsrqQciOffset

ReportConfigSearch

a2CriticalThrQci1RsrpOffset

a2CriticalThrQci1RsrqOffset

qciA1A2UlThrOffsets
ReportConfigSearch

a1a2UlThrQciOffset

EUtranFreqRelation

a3RsrpFreqOffsetAdjustment

a3RsrqFreqOffsetAdjustment

eutranFreqToQciProfileRelation EUtranFreqRelation

a3RsrpFreqQciOffsetAdjustment

a3RsrqFreqQciOffsetAdjustment

timeToTriggerA3

timeToTriggerA3Rsrq
EUtranFreqRelation

a5Thr1RsrpFreqOffset

a5Thr1RsrqFreqOffset

a5Thr2RsrpFreqOffset

a5Thr2RsrqFreqOffset

eutranFreqToQciProfileRelation EUtranFreqRelation

a5Thr1RsrpFreqQciOffset

a5Thr1RsrqFreqQciOffset

a5Thr2RsrpFreqQciOffset

a5Thr2RsrqFreqQciOffset

UtranFreqRelation

b2Thr1RsrpUtraFreqOffset

b2Thr1RsrqUtraFreqOffset

b2Thr2RscpUtraFreqOffset

b2Thr2EcNoUtraFreqOffset

utranFreqToQciProfileRelation UtranFreqRelation

b2Thr1RsrpUtraFreqQciOffset

b2Thr1RsrqUtraFreqQciOffset
b2Thr2RscpUtraFreqQciOffset

b2Thr2EcNoUtraFreqOffset

[Link]

offsetPerQciPrio

offsetPerQciPrio

Refer to “ – ” for a more detailed explanation.


ExternalUtranCellFDD
srvccCapability NOT_SUPPORTED, CS_ONLY_SUPPORTED
PS_AND_CS_SUPPORTED voicePrio UtranFreqRelation

voicePrio = -1
voicePrio = 0-7

The SRVCC handover is considered successful if all of the UE’s voice bearers are

covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed true EUtranCellFDD/TDD


mobilityAction HANDOVER UtranFreqRelation
coverageIndicator COVERS isHoAllowed true
UtranCellRelation

ueMeasurementsActiveUTRAN true UeMeasControl


ueMeasurementsActive true UeMeasControl mobilityAction
HANDOVER UtranFreqRelation isHoAllowed true
UtranCellRelation

allowReleaseQci1 = true

voicePrio GeranFreqGroupRelation

voicePrio = -1
voicePrio = 0-7
covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed = true EUtranCellFDD/TDD
coverageIndicator = COVERS isHoAllowed = true
GeranCellRelation

ueMeasurementsActiveGERAN = true UeMeasControl


ueMeasurementsActive = true UeMeasControl isHoAllowed
= true GeranCellRelation

allowReleaseQci1 = true

dtmSupport
DTM_SUPPORT ExternalGeranCell

dtmSupport = NO_DTM_SUPPORT

The SRVCC handover is considered successful if all of the UE’s voice bearers are

cellSubscriptionCapacity
qciSubscriptionQuanta

∑ 𝑞𝑐𝑖𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
qciSubscriptionQuanta

qciSubscriptionQuanta

qciSubscriptionQuanta

qciSubscriptionQuanta

qciSubscriptionQuanta

pmPdcpVolDlDrbQci
qciPdcpDlBitRate =
pmErabQciLevSum ∙ 5

qciSubscriptionQuanta
cellSubscriptionCapacity

dlChannelBandwidth

cellSubscriptionCapacity

– cellSubscriptionCapacity

loadBalancing ALLOWED

lbThreshold

lbCeiling
lbThreshold lbCeiling

cellSubscriptionCapacity

qciSubscriptionQuanta
A→B

highest capacity, for the highest peak throughput. This is achieved by the “rate offset”

lbRateOffsetCoefficient
lbRateOffsetLoadThreshold lbRateOffsetCoefficient

320
lbRateOffsetCoefficient = 0 lbRateOffsetLoadThreshold

lbRateOffsetLoadThreshold 500

1500
qciSubscriptionQuanta
lbRateOffsetCoefficient
lbRateOffsetLoadThreshold

ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb

connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio

loadBalancing
(EUtranCellRelation)

cellSubscriptionCapacity
(EUtranCellFDD/TDD)

qciSubscriptionQuanta
(QciProfilePredefined,
QciProfileOperatorDefined)
qciSubscriptionQuanta

lbThreshold
(LoadBalancingFunction)
lbCeiling
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbCeiling
lbRateOffsetLoadThreshold
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbRateOffsetCoefficient
(LoadBalancingFunction)

a5Threshold1Rsrp
a5Threshold2Rsrp
a5Threshold2Rsrq
hysteresisA5
(ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb)
a5Threshold1Rsrp
lbA5Thr1RsrpFreqOffset
(EUtranFreqRelation) a5Threshold1Rsrp

lbA5Threshold2RsrpOffset
sMeasure
(UeMeasControl)

useEstimatedCellCap

dynCellSubscrCap INTERNAL_EVENT_CELL_DL_CAPACITY

dynCellSubscrCap
cellSubscriptionCapacity

dynCellSubscrCap

dynCellSubscrCap

qciSubscriptionQuanta cellSubscriptionCapacity
dynCellSubscrCap qciSubscriptionQuanta

cellSubscriptionCapacity
eutranFreqToQciProfileRelation
EUtranFreqRelation

lbA5Threshold2RsrpOffset – a5Threshold2Rsrp

lbA5Threshold2RsrqOffset –

lbQciProfileHandling –

ALLOWED –

REQUIRED –

FORBIDDEN –

lbA5Thr1RsrpFreqOffset
UtranFreqRelation utranFreqToQciProfileRelation

lbUtranB1ThresholdEcNoOffset

lbUtranB1ThresholdRscpOffset

lbQciProfileHandling

feature introduces the concept of the “aggregated subscription capacity” which represents

EUtranFreqRelation
caTriggeredRedirectionActive true

loadBalancing EUtranCellRelation

lbCaThreshold

lbDiffCaOffset

lbDiffCaOffset

lbCaCapHysteresis

lbCaCapHysteresis
courier

In addition to IFLB’s

lbCaThreshold lbCaHysteresis/1000

– lbDiffCaOffset lbCaHysteresis/1000

lbCaCapHysteresis

lbCaCapHysteresis

courier

lbCaThreshold
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbCaThreshold +
0.05
lbDiffCaOffset
(LoadBalancingFunction)
lbDiffCaOffset

lbDiffCaOffset +
lbCaHysteresis
lbCaCapHysteresis
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbCaHysteresis 50
(LoadBalancingFunction) (0.05) lbCaThreshold lbDiffCaOffset

caTriggeredRedirectionActive true
(EUtranFreqRelation)
eSCellCapacityScaling
(ExternalENodeBFunction)

The feature uses UE measurements to evaluate the “hit rate” from each so

lbHitRateEUtranMeasUeThreshold
LoadBalancingFunction
lbHitRateEUtranAddThreshold
lbHitRateEUtranRemoveThreshold

loadBalancing EUtranCellRelation NOT_ALLOWED ALLOWED


OFFLOAD IFO_AND_IFLB
EUtranFreqRelation
lbBnrPolicy EUtranCellRelation lbBnrAllowed
loadBalancing
lastModification LM_MODIFICATION

lbBnrAllowed false
loadBalancing ALLOWED EUtranCellRelation

lbHitRateEUtranMeasUeThreshold 2
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbHitRateEUtranAddThreshold 15
(LoadBalancingFunction)
lbHitRateEUtranRemoveThreshold 2
(LoadBalancingFunction)

lbHitRateEUtranMeasUeIntensity 1
(LoadBalancingFunction)
lbBnrPolicy AUTO
(EUtranFreqRelation) EUtranCellRelation loadBalancing

NOT_ALLOWED
loadBalancing
AUTO NOT_ALLOWED
OFFLOAD
ALLOWED
LB_ONLY
NOT_ALLOWED ALLOWED

OFFLOAD_ONLY
NOT_ALLOWED OFFLOAD
IFO_AND_IFLB

loadBalancing NOT_ALLOWED
IFO_AND_IFLB

NOT_ALLOWED
loadBalancing
AUTO NOT_ALLOWED
ALLOWED
LB_ONLY
NOT_ALLOWED ALLOWED
IFO_AND_IFLB
EUtranFreqRelations
EUtranCellRelations
lbBnrAllowed True
(EUtranCellRelation) loadBalancing true
false
loadBalancing
(EUtranCellRelation) ALLOWED NOT_ALLOWED

OFFLOAD IFO_AND_IFLB
IFO_AND_IFLB
the source cell and neighboring cells. The overlap (also called “hit rate”) is estimated by

lbMeasScalingLimit 30 (3)
(LoadBalancingFunction)


reportStrongestCells
reportStrongestCellsForSon

anrInterFreqState=1 anrMeasOn=true
used neighbors are removed in a reasonable time, and that “weak” neighbors a

removeNrelTime
removeNcellTime
removeNenbTime removeNrelTime

isHoAllowed false isRemoveAllowed


false

s1HoPrepConsFailThres

detectObsoleteExtCellsEnabled.

problematicCellPolicy

pciConflictDetectionEcgiMeas
pciConflictMobilityEcgiMeas

maxNoMeasReportsInact
(UeMeasControl)

maxNoPciReportsEvent
(AnrFunction)

maxTimeEventBasedPciConf
(AnrFunction)

cellRelHoAttRateThreshold
(AnrFunction) EUtranCellRelation

removeNrelTime
(AnrFunction)
cellRelHoAttRateThreshold

removeNcellTime
(AnrFunction)

removeNenbTime
(AnrFunction)

anrIntraFreqState
(AnrFunctionEUtran)
anrMeasOn
(EUtranFreqRelation)

anrUesEUtraIntraFMax
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

anrUesEUtraIntraFMin anrUesEUtraIntraFMax
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

anrUesEUtraIntraFDecr
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

anrUesEUtraIntraFIncrAnr
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

anrUesEUtraIntraFIncrHo
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

cellAddRsrpThresholdEutran
(AnrFunctionEUtran)
cellAddRsrqThresholdEutran cellAddRsrpThresholdEutran
(AnrFunctionEUtran)
a3offsetAnrDelta
(ReportConfigEUtraBestCellAnr)

hysteresisA3
(ReportConfigEUtraBestCellAnr)

timeToTriggerA3
(ReportConfigEUtraBestCellAnr)

anrInterFreqState
(AnrFunctionEUtran)
anrMeasOn
(EUtranFreqRelation)

anrEutranInterFMeasReportDecr
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

anrEutranInterFMeasReportIncr
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

anrEutranInterFMeasReportMax
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

anrEutranInterFMeasReportMin
(AnrFunctionEUtran) anrEutranInterFMeasReportMax

anrUesThreshInterFDecr
(AnrFunctionEUtran)
anrUesThreshInterFIncrAnr
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

anrUesThreshInterFIncrHo
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

anrUesThreshInterFMax
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

anrUesThreshInterFMin anrUesThreshInterFMax
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

cellAddRsrpThresholdEutran
(AnrFunctionEUtran)

cellAddRsrqThresholdEutran cellAddRsrpThresholdEutran
(AnrFunctionEUtran)
a5Threshold1RsrpAnrDelta
(ReportConfigA5Anr)

a5Threshold1RsrqAnrDelta
(ReportConfigA5Anr)

a5Threshold2RsrpAnrDelta
(ReportConfigA5Anr)
a5Threshold2RsrqAnrDelta
(ReportConfigA5Anr)

hysteresisA5
(ReportConfigA5Anr)

timeToTriggerA5
(ReportConfigA5Anr)

anrStateUtran
(AnrFunctionUtran)
anrMeasOn
(UtranFreqRelation)

anrUtranMeasReportMax
(AnrFunctionUtran)

anrUtranMeasReportMin
(AnrFunctionUtran)

anrUtranMeasReportDecr
(AnrFunctionUtran)

anrUtranMeasReportIncr
(AnrFunctionUtran)

anrUtranMeasReportAcIncr
(AnrFunctionUtran)

cellAddRscpThresholdUtranDelta b2Threshold2RscpUtra
(AnrFunctionUtran)
cellAddEcnoThresholdUtranDelta b2Threshold2RscpUtra
(AnrFunctionUtran)

anrStateGsm
(AnrFunctionGeran)
anrMeasOn
(GeranFreqGroupRelation)
anrGeranMeasReportMax
(AnrFunctionGeran)

anrGeranMeasReportMin
(AnrFunctionGeran)
anrGeranMeasReportDecr
(AnrFunctionGeran)

anrGeranMeasReportIncr
(AnrFunctionGeran)

anrGeranMeasReportRacIncr
(AnrFunctionGeran)
CS Fallback to GERAN and UTRAN

csFallbackPrio
GeranFreqGroupRelation UtranFreqRelation
csFallbackPrio
csFallbackPrio

csfbUseRegisteredLai true
csFallbackPrio = -1

[Link] [Link]

PSHO-Based CS Fallback to UTRAN

csFallbackPrio
csFallbackPrio

csFallbackPrio = -1

csfbUseRegisteredLai true

altCsfbTargetPrio

Measurement-Based CSFB Target Selection

altCsfbTargetPrio

csFallbackPrio

csFallbackPrio = -1
altCsfbTargetPrio
[Link]

Emergency Call Handling for CS Fallback

csFallbackPrioEC altCsfbTargetPrioEc
csFallbackPrio
altCsfbTargetPrio
GeranFreqGroupRelation UtranFreqRelation

csFallbackPrio
csFallbackPrioEC

altCsfbTargetPrio altCsfbTargetPrioEc

mobilityActionCsfb = HANDOVER

isHoAllowed = TRUE

covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed = true EUtranCellFDD/TDD

coverageIndicator =
COVERS
ueMeasurementsActive = true UeMeasControl

ueMeasurementsActiveUTRAN ueMeasurementsActiveGERAN
UeMeasControl true

Following the “No” path from this decision point

csFallbackPrio csFallbackPrioEC

csFallbackPrio
csFallbackPrioEC

csfbMeasFromIdleMode true

csfbHoTargetSearchTimer UeMeasControl

mobilityActionCsfb = HANDOVER

isHoAllowed = TRUE

mobilityActionCsfb


csFallbackPrio
csFallbackPrioEC

altCsfbTargetPrio
altCsfbTargetPrioEc

csFallbackPrio
altCsfbTargetPrio

csFallbackPrio
csfbHoTargetSearchTimer

altCsfbTargetPrio
csFallbackPrio

UtranFreqRelation


csFallbackPrio altCsfbTargetPrio

coverageIndicator = COVERS

csFallbackPrio
altCsfbTargetPrio

fail completely along MSC borders if the UE falls back to the “wrong” location area served
by the “wrong” MSC
To avoid additional delay when CSFB occurs to the “wrong” LA, it is important that the

qHyst
qOffsetCellEUtran

a3offset hysteresisA3
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1

csFallbackPrio
(UtranFreqRelation,
GeranFreqGroupRelation)
csFallbackPrioEC csFallbackPrio
(UtranFreqRelation,
GeranFreqGroupRelation)
altCsfbTargetPrio
(UtranFreqRelation,
GeranFreqGroupRelation)

altCsfbTargetPrioEc altCsfbTargetPrio
(UtranFreqRelation,
GeranFreqGroupRelation)
mobilityActionCsfb
(UtranFreqRelation,
GeranFreqGroupRelation)

coverageIndicator
(UtranCellRelation, COVERS
GeranCellRelation)
covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed
(EUtranCellFDD/TDD)
coverageIndicator true

ueMeasurementsActive true false


(UeMeasControl)

ueMeasurementsActiveGERAN true false


ueMeasurementsActiveUTRAN
(UeMeasControl)
csfbHoTargetSearchTimer
(UeMeasControl)

csfbMeasFromIdleMode
(ENodeBFunction)

false

csfbUseRegisteredLai
(ENodeBFunction)

thresholdEcNo
(ReportConfigCsfbUtra) measQuantityUtraFDD =
EcNo
thresholdRscp
(ReportConfigCsfbUtra) measQuantityUtraFDD =
RSCP.
bothB1RsrpEcnoCheck
(UeMeasControl) bothB1RscpEcnoCheck

thresholdGeran
(ReportConfigCsfbGeran)

hich is referred to as the “IRAT” list)


maxNoCellsNaccCsfb ENodeBFunction

[Link] = 1
maxNoCellsNaccCsfb

maxNoCellsNaccCsfb

maxNoCellsNaccSessionCont ENodeBFunction
maxNoCellsNaccCsfb maxNoCellsNaccSessionCont

coverageIndicator GeranCellRelation UtranCellRelation

coverageIndicator
maxNoCellsNaccCsfb

– coverageIndicator

COVERS COVERS
OVERLAP NONE
OVERLAP
CONTAINED_IN, NONE
CONTAINED_IN

coverageIndicator

COVERS

coverageIndicator

COVERS

rimCapable RIM_INCAPABLE ExternalUtranCellFDD


OVERLAP

mobilityAction
(UtranFreqRelation, RELEASE_WITH_REDIRECT_NACC
GeranFreqGroupRelation)
mobilityActionCsfb
(UtranFreqRelation, RELEASE_WITH_REDIRECT_NACC
GeranFreqGroupRelation)

rimIntegrationEnabled true AnrFunctionGeran


AnrFunctionUtran rimCapable 0 RIM_CAPABLE
ExternalGeranCell ExternalUtranCellFDD ExternalUtranCellTDD

coverageIndicator
rimAssociationStatus
1 (RIM_INACTIVE) 0 (RIM_ACTIVE)

rimAssociationStatus 2 (RIM_STOPPED)
rimCapable RIM_CAPABLE
RIM_INCAPABLE

Additional LTE Features


ReportConfigSearch

a1a2UlSearchThreshold –

hysteresisA1A2UlSearch – a1a2UlSearchThreshold

timeToTriggerA1UlSearch timeToTriggerA2UlSearch –

a1a2UlThrQciOffset – a1a2UlSearchThreshold

a2UlCriticalThreshold –

hysteresisA2UlCritical timeToTriggerA2UlCritical –

lowPrioMeasThresh
a5B2MobilityTimer
ReportConfigA5UlTrig ReportConfigB2UtraUlTrig
ReportConfigB2GeranUlTrig

bothA5RsrpRsrqCheck true
a5Threshold2Rsrq

> ReportConfigSearch.a1a2UlSearchThreshold** / 10
+ UeMeasControl.targetA2UlSearchOffset** / 10

ReportConfigSearch

- > [Link] / 10

ulSinrOffset

[Link] =
true

ulTrigActive
EUtranCellFDD/TDD
cellReselectionPriority
connectedModeMobilityPrio

voicePrio

csFallbackPrio

csFallbackPrioEC

loadBalancingAllowed

RATFreqPrio

cellReselectionPriority RATFreqPrio

cellReselectionPriority
t320 cellReselectionPriority
cellReselectionPriority
RATFreqPrio

RATFreqPrio
cellReselectionPriority

freqPrioListEUTRA freqPrioListUTRA freqGroupPrioListGERAN

cellReselectionPriority

cellReselectionPriority
cellReselectionPriority
cellReselectionPriority
RATFreqPrio

primaryPlmnReserved additionalPlmnReservedList

HoWhiteList
EUtranCellFDD/[Link]

spifhoDedicatedReportConfig true
ReportConfigA5Spifho

spifhoDedicatedReportConfig false ReportConfigA5

spifhoDedicatedReportConfig false

spifhoDedicatedReportConfig true

voicePrio

servOrPrioIFHoTimer

a5Threshold2Rsrp
spifhoDedicatedReportConfig true
[Link]
and passes the cell’s antennas a quick change in the frequency offset, negative to positive,

a cell in another vendor’s eNodeB with an X2 connection, provided that the UE does
ttiBundlingSwitchThres ttiBundlingSwitchThresHyst

ttiBundlingAfterHO ttiBundlingAfterReest
cfraEnable true

cellIndividualOffsetEUtran cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1
qOffsetCellEUtran
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran
cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1

qOffsetCellEUtran
mobility to that frequency; for example, when benchmarking a competitor’s network.

[Link] true

cellReselectionPriority

connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio

[Link]

[Link] false

lbActivationThreshold
EUtranFreqRelation

SRsource > SRtarget + lbThreshold

SRsource > max(SRtarget, lbActivationThreshold) + lbThreshold

lbActivationThreshold + lbThreshold
lbActivationThreshold

lbActivationThreshold
(EUtranFreqRelation)

dynCellSubscrCap
estCellCapUsableFraction

Low 10% 10% 80%


Medium 20% 20% 60%
High 25% 25% 50%

cellReselectionPriority

threshXHigh
threshXHigh

cellReselectionPriority EUtranFrequency
n another vendor’s equipment. In contrast, IFLB

handovers. IFLB can distribute load to cells deployed on another vendor’s equipment if
[Link] true

cellReselectionPriority

[Link] true

[Link]
[Link] true

cellReselectionPriority

EUtranCellFDD/[Link]

lbActivationThreshold
lbThreshold lbActivationThreshold highLoadThreshold –
lbThreshold highLoadThreshold
highLoadThreshold
EUtranCellRelation loadBalancing
OFFLOAD NOT_ALLOWED

UtranCellRelation loadBalancing
OFFLOAD NOT_ALLOWED
[Link] (5 to 15s –

[Link] (30 to 80ms –

Note

[Link] = 5s

[Link] = 50ms,
source cell’s GBR use exceeds a

atoAllowed true false


EUtranFreqRelation UtranFreqRelation

releaseInactiveUesMpLoadLevel

releaseInactiveUesInactTime
To use this feature the operator configures a subset of PCI value(s) as “non planned”,
nonPlannedPhysCellId nonPlannedPhysCellIdRange
EUtranFreqRelation
nonPlannedPciCIO

QCI65

QCI66

QCI69

QCI70

voicePrio
allowReleaseQci1
cioQci1Enabled
cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1
a2CriticalThrQci1RsrpOffset
a2CriticalThrQci1RsrqOffset

EUtranCellFDD/TDD covTrigMobErabSetupConfig 1(CSFB_TRIGGERED)


ReportConfigErabSetup filterCoeffUlSinrMax 8
ReportConfigErabSetup a1a2UlSinrThr 50
ReportConfigErabSetup hysteresisA1A2UlSinr 20
ReportConfigErabSetup timeToTriggerA1A2UlSinr 40
ReportConfigErabSetup a1a2UlPlThr 128
ReportConfigErabSetup hysteresisA1A2UlPl 20
ReportConfigErabSetup timeToTriggerA1A2UlPl 40

EUtranFreqRelation
[Link]

[Link]
groupExtendInactAfterVolteRel extendInactAfterVolteRel.

tInactivityTimer

5G-Related Features
endcAllowedPlmnList ExternalEUtranCellFDD/TDD

ExternalEutranCellFDD/TDD

endcAllowedPlmnList

[Link]
y
modifies how the eNodeB handles the “NR Restriction in EPS as Secondary RAT”
to reserve the FR2 spectrum for “prioritized” users only; namely users that do not have

UTRAN Features
Information Block SIB19 called “Multiple E UTRA frequency band indicator list” which

measIndFach
DISABLED ENABLED_HIGH_PRIO_LAYERS

ENABLED_ALL_LAYERS
csFallbackCsRelease
csFallbackDchToFach fachToUra fastDormancy normalRelease
dchToFach
in the Redirection Info IE. For this reason the CSFB based triggers are the “safest”

thresh2dRwr
thresh2dRwr + relThresh2fRwr

thresh2dRwr EUtranFreqRelation
relThresh2fRwr
UeMeasControl thresh2dRwr
UtranCell IurLink
dmcrEnabled
csPriorityRabSetupTime

rejCsfbPshoSrbOnDch
ON
[Link] = 1
standAloneSrbSelector = 1
cfnOffsetMarginSrbHs

GERAN Features

mation Element “Cell selection indicator after release of


all TCH and SDCCH”, which has been added to the 3GPP standards for this purpose.
Appendix 2 – Effective Trigger Levels

a1a2UlSearchThreshold = -30

sIntraSearch = 1000

EUtranCellFDD EUtranCellTDD

Idle Mode

o qRxLevMinOffset =
1000

o qQualMinOffset =
0

o
pMaxServingCell = 1000
pMaxServingCell

o
pMax = 1000
pMax
> [Link]

> [Link]

< [Link]
+ [Link]

sIntraSearchv920Active = true

< [Link]
+ [Link]

< [Link]
+ [Link]

sIntraSearch

- >
[Link]
+ [Link]

> [Link]
> [Link]

[Link]
[Link]

cellReselectionPriority

cellReselectionPriority

< [Link]
+ [Link]

sNonIntraSearchv920Active = true

< [Link]
+ [Link]

< [Link]
+ [Link]

sNonIntraSearch

cellReselectionPriority EUtranFreqRelation

connectedModeMobilityPrio voicePrio
- >
[Link]
- [Link]
+ [Link]

> [Link]

> [Link]

[Link]
[Link]

> [Link]
+ [Link]

threshServingLowQ

> [Link]
+ [Link]

[Link]
[Link]

< [Link]
+ [Link]
> [Link]
+ [Link]

threshServingLowQ

< [Link]
+ [Link]

> [Link]
+ [Link]

[Link]
[Link]

> [Link]
+ [Link]

threshServingLowQ

> [Link]
+ [Link]

> [Link]
+ [Link]

threshServingLowQ

> [Link]
+ [Link]

> [Link]
+ [Link]
< [Link]
+ [Link]

> [Link]
+ [Link]

threshServingLowQ

< [Link]
+ [Link]

> [Link]
+ [Link]

< [Link]
+ [Link]

> [Link]
+ [Link]

threshServingLowQ

< [Link]
+ [Link]

> [Link]
+ [Link]

< [Link]
+ [Link]

> [Link]
+ [Link]
Connected Mode – Downlink Triggered

< [Link]

sMeasure
0

sMeasure

sMeasure

sMeasure
The UE also needs to “measure” the PCell RSRP
sMeasure sMeasure

sMeasure

ReportConfigEUtraBestCell.triggerQuantityA3 = RSRP

ReportConfigEUtraBestCell.a3offset/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a3RsrpFreqOffsetAdjustment/10
+ [Link]<qci>.
a3RsrpFreqQciOffsetAdjustment/10
+ ReportConfigEUtraBestCell.hysteresisA3/10
- [Link]
<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a3RsrpFreqQciOffsetAdjustment

ReportConfigEUtraBestCell.triggerQuantityA3 RSRQ

– ReportConfigEUtraBestCell.a3offset/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a3RsrqFreqOffsetAdjustment/10
+ [Link]<qci>.
a3RsrqFreqQciOffsetAdjustment/10
+ ReportConfigEUtraBestCell.hysteresisA3/10
- [Link]

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a3RsrqFreqQciOffsetAdjustment

EUtranFreqRelation.cioQci1Enabled = true
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1

bothIntraA3RsrpRsrqCheck = true

a3RsrpFreqOffsetAdjustment a3RsrqFreqOffsetAdjustment
a3RsrpFreqQciOffsetAdjustment a3RsrqFreqQciOffsetAdjustment

inhibitA2SearchConfig

< ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrpQciOffset
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrp/10
< ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrqQciOffset/10
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrq/10

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a1a2ThrXQciOffset

< ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrpQciOffset
+ ReportConfigA1A2Endc.qciA1A2ThrOffsetsEndc<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrpQciOffsetEndc
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrp/10

< ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrqQciOffset/10
+ ReportConfigA1A2Endc.qciA1A2ThrOffsetsEndc<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrqQciOffsetEndc/10
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrq/10

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a1a2ThrXQciOffset +
a1a2ThrXQciOffsetEndc
a1a2ThrXQciOffsetEndc

< ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp
+ ReportConfigSearch.a2OuterSearchThrRsrpOffset
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrpQciOffset
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA2OuterSearchRsrp/10

< ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.a2OuterSearchThrRsrqOffset/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrqQciOffset/10
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA2OuterSearchRsrq/10

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a1a2ThrXQciOffset

a1a2ThrXQciOffsetEndc

< ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp
+ ReportConfigA1A2Endc.a2OuterSearchThrRsrpOffsetEndc
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrpQciOffset
+ ReportConfigA1A2Endc.qciA1A2ThrOffsetsEndc<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrpQciOffsetEndc
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA2OuterSearchRsrp/10

< ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq/10
+ ReportConfigA1A2Endc.a2OuterSearchThrRsrqOffsetEndc/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrqQciOffset/10
+ ReportConfigA1A2Endc.qciA1A2ThrOffsetsEndc<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrqQciOffsetEndc/10
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA2OuterSearchRsrq/10

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a1a2ThrXQciOffset +
a1a2ThrXQciOffsetEndc
< ReportConfigSearch.a2CriticalThresholdRsrp
+ ReportConfigSearch.a2CriticalThrQci1RsrpOffset*
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA2CriticalRsrp/10

< ReportConfigSearch.a2CriticalThresholdRsrq/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.a2CriticalThrQci1RsrqOffset*/10
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA2CriticalRsrq/10

> ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrpQciOffset
+ ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrp/10

> ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrqQciOffset/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrq/10

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a1a2ThrXQciOffset
> ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrp
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrpQciOffset
+ ReportConfigA1A2Endc.qciA1A2ThrOffsetsEndc<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrpQciOffsetEndc
+ ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrp/10

> ReportConfigSearch.a1a2SearchThresholdRsrq/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2ThrOffsets<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrqQciOffset/10
+ ReportConfigA1A2Endc.qciA1A2ThrOffsetsEndc<qci>.
a1a2ThrRsrqQciOffsetEndc/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA1A2SearchRsrq/10

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a1a2ThrXQciOffset +
a1a2ThrXQciOffsetEndc

[Link]
0 (EVENT_A5) 1 (EVENT_A3)
triggerQuantityA5

< ReportConfigA5.a5Threshold1Rsrp
- ReportConfigA5.hysteresisA5/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a5Thr1RsrpFreqOffset
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.a5Thr1RsrpFreqQciOffset
> ReportConfigA5.a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ ReportConfigA5.hysteresisA5/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a5Thr2RsrpFreqOffset
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.a5Thr2RsrpFreqQciOffset
- [Link]
- [Link]

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a5Thr1RsrpFreqQciOffset
a5Thr2RsrpFreqQciOffset

< ReportConfigA5.a5Threshold1Rsrq/10
- ReportConfigA5.hysteresisA5/10
- ReportConfigA5.hysteresisA5RsrqOffset/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a5Thr1RsrqFreqOffset/10
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.a5Thr1RsrqFreqQciOffset/10

> ReportConfigA5.a5Threshold2Rsrq/10
+ ReportConfigA5.hysteresisA5/10
+ ReportConfigA5.hysteresisA5RsrqOffset/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a5Thr2RsrqFreqOffset/10
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.a5Thr2RsrqFreqQciOffset/10
- [Link]
- [Link]

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a5Thr1RsrqFreqQciOffset
a5Thr2RsrqFreqQciOffset

EUtranFreqRelation.cioQci1Enabled = true
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1

bothA5RsrpRsrqCheck = true

> ReportConfigSearch.a1a2UlSearchThreshold**/10
+ UeMeasControl.targetA2UlSearchOffset**/10
ReportConfigSearch

- > ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell.a3offset/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a3RsrpFreqOffsetAdjustment/10
+ [Link]<qci>.
a3RsrpFreqQciOffsetAdjustment/10
+ ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell.hysteresisA3/10
- EUtranFreqRelation<target>.qOffsetFreq
+ EUtranFreqRelation<source>.qOffsetFreq
- [Link]

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a3RsrpFreqQciOffsetAdjustment

- > ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell.a3offset/10
+ ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell.a3RsrqOffset/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a3RsrqFreqOffsetAdjustment/10
+ [Link]<qci>.
a3RsrqFreqQciOffsetAdjustment/10
+ ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell.hysteresisA3/10
+ ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell.hysteresisA3RsrqOffset/10
- EUtranFreqRelation<target>.qOffsetFreq
+ EUtranFreqRelation<source>.qOffsetFreq
- [Link]

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
a3RsrqFreqQciOffsetAdjustment

EUtranFreqRelation.cioQci1Enabled = true
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1

bothInterA3RsrpRsrqCheck = true
> ReportConfigSearch.a1a2UlSearchThreshold**/10
+ UeMeasControl.targetA2UlSearchOffset**/10

ReportConfigSearch

UeMeasControl.inhibitB2RsrqConfig = true

< ReportConfigB2Utra.b2Threshold1Rsrp
- ReportConfigB2Utra.hysteresisB2/10
+ UtranFreqRelation.b2Thr1RsrpUtraFreqOffset
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.b2Thr1RsrpUtraFreqQciOffset

< ReportConfigB2Utra.b2Threshold1Rsrq/10
- ReportConfigB2Utra.hysteresisB2/10
- ReportConfigB2Utra.hysteresisB2RsrqOffset/10
+ UtranFreqRelation.b2Thr1RsrqUtraFreqOffset/10
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.b2Thr1RsrqUtraFreqQciOffset/10

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
b2Thr1RsrpUtraFreqQciOffset
b2Thr1RsrqUtraFreqQciOffset

[Link]

measQuantityUtraFDD

> ReportConfigB2Utra.b2Threshold2RscpUtra
+ ReportConfigB2Utra.hysteresisB2/10
- [Link]
+ UtranFreqRelation.b2Thr2RscpUtraFreqOffset
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.b2Thr2RscpUtraFreqQciOffset
> ReportConfigB2Utra.b2Threshold2EcnoUtra/10
+ ReportConfigB2Utra.hysteresisB2/10
- [Link]
+ UtranFreqRelation.b2Thr2EcNoUtraFreqOffset/10
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.b2Thr2EcnoUtraFreqQciOffset/10

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
b2Thr2RscpUtraFreqQciOffset
b2Thr2EcnoUtraFreqQciOffset

bothB2RscpEcnoCheck = true

UeMeasControl.inhibitB2RsrqConfig = true

< ReportConfigB2Geran.b2Threshold1Rsrp
- ReportConfigB2Geran.hysteresisB2/10
+ GeranFreqGroupRelation. b2Thr1RsrpGeranFreqOffset
+ GeranFreqGroupRelation.qciB2ThrOffsets<qci>
.b2Thr1RsrpGeranFreqQciOffset

< ReportConfigB2Geran.b2Threshold1Rsrq/10
- ReportConfigB2Geran.hysteresisB2/10
- ReportConfigB2Geran.hysteresisB2RsrqOffset/10
+ GeranFreqGroupRelation.b2Thr1RsrqGeranFreqOffset/10
+ GeranFreqGroupRelation.qciB2ThrOffsets<qci>
.b2Thr1RsrqGeranFreqQciOffset/10

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
b2Thr1RsrpGeranFreqQciOffset
b2Thr1RsrqGeranFreqQciOffset

> ReportConfigB2Geran.b2Threshold2Geran
+ ReportConfigB2Geran.hysteresisB2/10
- [Link]
+ GeranFreqGroupRelation.b2Thr2GeranFreqOffset
+ GeranFreqGroupRelation.qciB2ThrOffsets<qci>
. b2Thr2GeranFreqQciOffset
<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
b2Thr2GeranFreqQciOffset

Connected Mode – Uplink Triggered

SINR_source < ReportConfigSearch.a1a2UlSearchThreshold/10


- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA1A2UlSearch/10
+ max(ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2UlThrOffsets<qci>
.a1a2UlThrQciOffset)

a1a2UlThrQciOffset

< ReportConfigSearch.a2UlCriticalThreshold/10
- ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA2UlCritical/10

a1a2UlThrQciOffset

> ReportConfigSearch.a1a2UlSearchThreshold/10
+ ReportConfigSearch.hysteresisA1A2UlSearch/10
+ max(ReportConfigSearch.qciA1A2UlThrOffsets<qci>
.a1a2UlThrQciOffset)

a1a2UlThrQciOffset
> ReportConfigA5UlTrig.a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ ReportConfigA5UlTrig.hysteresisA5/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a5Thr2RsrpFreqOffset
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.a5Thr2RsrpFreqQciOffset
- [Link]
- [Link]

<qci>
[Link]

a5Thr2RsrpFreqQciOffset

UeMeasControl.bothA5RsrpRsrqCheck = true

> ReportConfigA5UlTrig.a5Threshold2Rsrq/10
+ ReportConfigA5UlTrig.hysteresisA5/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a5Thr2RsrqFreqOffset/10
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.a5Thr2RsrqFreqQciOffset/10
- [Link]
- [Link]

<qci>
[Link]

a5Thr2RsrqFreqQciOffset

EUtranFreqRelation.cioQci1Enabled = true
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1

> ReportConfigSearch.a1a2UlSearchThreshold**/10
+ UeMeasControl.targetA2UlSearchOffset**/10

ReportConfigSearch

- > [Link]/10

ulSinrOffset
[Link] =
true

[Link]

> ReportConfigB2UtraUlTrig.b2Threshold2RscpUtra
+ ReportConfigB2UtraUlTrig.hysteresisB2/10
- [Link]
+ UtranFreqRelation.b2Thr2RscpUtraFreqOffset
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.b2Thr2RscpUtraFreqQciOffset

> ReportConfigB2UtraUlTrig.b2Threshold2EcnoUtra/10
+ ReportConfigB2UtraUlTrig.hysteresisB2/10
- [Link]
+ UtranFreqRelation.b2Thr2EcNoUtraFreqOffset/10
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.b2Thr2EcnoUtraFreqQciOffset/10

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
b2Thr2RscpUtraFreqQciOffset
b2Thr2EcnoUtraFreqQciOffset

bothB2RscpEcnoCheck = true
> ReportConfigB2GeranUlTrig.b2Threshold2Geran
+ ReportConfigB2GeranUlTrig.hysteresisB2/10
- [Link]
+ GeranFreqGroupRelation.b2Thr2GeranFreqOffset
+ GeranFreqGroupRelation.qciB2ThrOffsets<qci>
.b2Thr2GeranFreqQciOffset

<qci> [Link].
offsetPerQciPrio
b2Thr2GeranFreqQciOffset

Connected Mode – Load Triggered

< ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.a5Threshold1Rsrp
- ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.hysteresisA5/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.lbA5Thr1RsrpFreqOffset

> ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.hysteresisA5/10
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.lbA5threshold2RsrpOffset
- [Link]
- [Link]

EUtranFreqRelation.cioQci1Enabled = true
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran cellIndividualOffsetEUtranQci1

bothA5RsrpRsrqCheck
> ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.a5Threshold2Rsrq/10
+ ReportConfigEUtraInterFreqLb.hysteresisA5/10
+ [Link]
Relation.lbA5threshold2RsrqOffset /10

ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.triggerQuantityA5 0 (RSRP) 1 (RSRQ)

ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.triggerQuantityA5

< ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.a5Threshold1Rsrp
- ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.hysteresisA5/10

> ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.hysteresisA5/10
- [Link]
- [Link]

ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.triggerQuantityA5

< ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.a5Threshold1Rsrq/10
- ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.hysteresisA5/10

> ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.a5Threshold2Rsrq/10
+ ReportConfigA5UlTraffic.hysteresisA5/10
- [Link]
- [Link]
> ReportConfigSearch.a1a2UlSearchThreshold**/10
+ UeMeasControl.targetA2UlSearchOffset**/10

ReportConfigSearch

Connected Mode – Service or Priority-Triggered IFHO

EUtranCellFDD/[Link]

> ReportConfigA5.a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ ReportConfigA5.hysteresisA5/10
+ EUtranFreqRelation.a5Thr2RsrpFreqOffset
+ [Link]
Relation<qci>.a5Thr2RsrpFreqQciOffset

< ReportConfigA5Spifho.a5Threshold1Rsrp
- ReportConfigA5Spifho.hysteresisA5/10

> ReportConfigA5Spifho.a5Threshold2Rsrp
+ ReportConfigA5Spifho.hysteresisA5/10

< ReportConfigA5Spifho.a5Threshold1Rsrq/10
- ReportConfigA5Spifho.hysteresisA5/10

> ReportConfigA5Spifho.a5Threshold2Rsrq/10
+ ReportConfigA5Spifho.hysteresisA5/10
Connected Mode – Coverage-Triggered Mobility at Setup

< ReportConfigErabSetup.a1a2UlSinrThr/10
- ReportConfigErabSetup.hysteresisA1A2UlSinr/10

timeToTriggerA1A2UlSinr

> ReportConfigErabSetup.a1a2UlPlThr
+ ReportConfigErabSetup.hysteresisA1A2UlPl/10

timeToTriggerA1A2UlPl

Connected Mode – Release-With-Redirect from LTE to NR SA

ReportConfigB1NR.triggerQuantityB1NR SS_RSRP

ReportConfigB1NR.b1ThresholdRsrp
[Link]
ReportConfigB1NR.hysteresisB1

ReportConfigB1NR.timeToTriggerB1

ReportConfigB1NR.triggerQuantityB1NR SS_RSRQ

ReportConfigB1NR.b1ThresholdRsrq
[Link]
ReportConfigB1NR.hysteresisB1

ReportConfigB1NR.timeToTriggerB1

SS_RSRP

Common questions

Powered by AI

Traffic management in LTE systems enhances network performance by efficiently managing data packets to reduce congestion, balance loads, and prioritize traffic based on the type of service. Techniques such as Quality of Service (QoS) settings help ensure that high-priority traffic, like voice and video calls, is transmitted smoothly even under high load conditions. Additionally, traffic management involves dynamically adjusting scheduling and resource allocation to optimize throughput and latency .

LTE networks ensure efficient spectrum utilization by employing advanced radio technologies like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) which enables better channel bandwidth allocation and minimized interference. This allows for simultaneous transmissions with low cross-channel interference, optimizing the spectrum's capacity. The benefits include improved network capacity, higher data rates, and enhanced user experience due to reduced congestion and interference, ultimately leading to more reliable and faster connectivity .

Implementing robust mobility management in densely populated urban environments presents several challenges. High user density increases the likelihood of frequent handovers as users move quickly through small cells, potentially leading to increased signaling load and interference. The need for precise resource allocation grows, making management of interference and network congestion critical. Additionally, variability in user movement patterns complicates the prediction and modeling of traffic, necessitating more sophisticated algorithms and network planning to ensure consistent service quality .

Handover procedures in LTE differ from previous technologies primarily in their support for seamless and fast transitions, designed to prevent data loss and maintain user experience. Unlike older systems where handovers might cause service interruption, LTE employs a protocol that allows for better coordination between source and target cells, minimizing handover delay. Additionally, LTE uses a Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) for seamless transition of voice calls from LTE to older technologies like GSM when LTE coverage is lost .

Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) improves LTE network performance by mitigating interference between cells, particularly in heterogeneous network environments where macro and small cells coexist. eICIC techniques involve dynamic adjustment of the time and frequency domains to reduce interference, such as through the use of Almost Blank Subframes (ABS) which help control interference in neighboring cells. This results in better signal quality and increased throughput at cell edges, enhancing the overall efficiency and performance of the network .

Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) plays a critical role in maintaining call quality by allowing ongoing voice calls to seamlessly transition from LTE to circuit-switched networks like GSM or UMTS when an LTE signal is lost. This ensures that calls are not dropped when a user moves out of an LTE coverage area. SRVCC relies on pre-handover preparation where the network establishes a communication path in the target circuit-switched network before the actual handover process initiates, thus preventing call interruption .

The key objectives of LTE mobility management are to maintain seamless connectivity and service continuity for users as they move across different cells or areas. This is implemented through several mechanisms, including the use of handover procedures that ensure transitions between cells are smooth without significant disruption to ongoing sessions. Additionally, LTE networks utilize Tracking Area Updates (TAUs) to efficiently allocate network resources based on user location. Mobility management also involves the selection of cell parameters that optimize user experience and network efficiency .

Quality of Service (QoS) is crucial in LTE networks because it ensures efficient resource allocation based on the service requirements of different applications. This is managed through the use of QoS class identifiers (QCIs) that prioritize traffic and allocate resources accordingly. Critical applications like VoIP are assigned higher priority to guarantee low latency and reliable delivery. The network employs various scheduling and policy enforcement mechanisms to dynamically manage these priorities, ensuring an appropriate balance of performance across services .

Tracking area updates (TAU) impact battery consumption and signaling load by dictating how often a device communicates its location to the network. Frequent TAUs can lead to increased signaling overhead, which might burden network resources and drain the battery faster due to constant transmissions. Conversely, less frequent updates reduce signaling traffic and conserve battery life but may lead to delayed reactions when a device moves out of its designated tracking area, potentially affecting service quality .

Network load balancing in LTE has significant implications for service providers as it directly affects network performance and customer satisfaction. Effective load balancing reduces overload in high-traffic areas, distributes traffic efficiently across the network, and optimizes resource utilization. This leads to increased network stability and reliability, reduced likelihood of dropped connections, and better overall quality of service, enabling providers to handle more users and services without degradation in performance .

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