Screws, fasteners and the
design of non permanent
joints
Presented by:
• Sabina Baghirova
• Eltaj Abilov
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Introduction
Overview:
• Explanation of non-permanent joints.
• Importance of screws and fasteners in
creating and maintaining these joints.
Key Points:
• Non-permanent joints allow for
disassembly without damaging the
components.
• Used in a wide range of applications:
automotive, construction, electronics,
etc.
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What are Screws and
fasteners ?
Definition of Screws:
• Threaded fasteners used to hold two or more components together.
Types of Fasteners:
• Bolts: Larger than screws, require nuts.
• Nuts: Used in conjunction with bolts to secure them.
• Washers: Provide a smooth surface to distribute pressure and prevent
damage.
• Rivets: Permanent fasteners, typically for sheet metal work.
Types of Screws
COMMON TYPES:
• Machine Screws: Used for threaded holes in metal.
• Wood Screws: Designed for use in wood.
• Self-tapping Screws: Can create their own thread as
they are driven into materials.
• Deck Screws: Designed for use in outdoor
environments, typically treated for corrosion
resistance.
Materials Used:
Stainless steel, carbon steel, brass, etc.
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Fasteners in Non-Permanent Joints
Purpose of Non-Permanent Joints:
• Designed to be disassembled and reassembled without
damaging components.
Benefits of Non-Permanent Joints:
• Accessibility: Easy to repair or replace parts.
• Flexibility: Allows for modification or updates.
• Reusability: Components can be reused in other
assemblies.
Design Considerations for Non-Permanent Joints
Strength and Load Distribution:
• Ensuring the fastener can withstand the intended load.
• Using washers and spacers to distribute the load evenly.
Materials and Compatibility:a
• Matching fastener material with the components to prevent
corrosion.
• Consideration of thermal expansion and contraction.
Ease of Assembly and Disassembly:
• Accessibility of fasteners.
• Tools required for assembly/disassembly (e.g., hand tools,
power tools).
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Common Design Challenges
Over-tightening:
• Can lead to damaging the threads or stripping
the fastener.
Corrosion:
• Fasteners exposed to moisture or chemicals can
degrade.
Misalignment:
• Poor alignment of holes or threads can result in
difficulty assembling or reduced joint strength.
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Advantages of Using Screws and Fasteners
• VERSATILITY: SCREWS AND FASTENERS CAN BE USED IN • COST-EFFECTIVE:
A VARIETY OF MATERIALS: METALS, GENERALLY AFFORDABLE AND EASY TO
PLASTICS, WOOD, ETC. SOURCE.
• STRENGTH AND DURABILITY:
CAN PROVIDE A SECURE, LONG-LASTING
CONNECTION WHEN PROPERLY DESIGNED
AND APPLIED.
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Applications of Non-
Permanent Joints
• Automotive Industry:
Engine components, body panels, and
interior parts.
• Construction:
Structural connections in buildings
and infrastructure.
• Electronics:
Assembly of devices like phones,
computers, and appliances.
• Furniture Manufacturing:
Flat-pack furniture, adjustable parts.
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Future Trends in Fastening Technology
• Innovative Materials: Development of • Self-Locking Fasteners designed to • Sustainability: Focus on reusable
advanced corrosion- Fasteners: resist loosening over fasteners and
resistant materials. time. sustainable
materials.
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Shear Strength
• Shear strength refers to the maximum stress that a
fastener can withstand before fracture when applied at a
right angle to its axis.
• This type of force is common in bolted joints subject to
lateral (sideways) loads. A bolt typically has lower shear
strength compared to its tensile strength, and this
parameter is crucial for applications where bolts are
subjected to shear loads, such as in structural frames or
machinery joints.
• Shear strength can be calculated using the following
equation:
• Fs is the shear force
• A is the cross-sectional area of the bolt
• n is the number of bolts
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Grade Tensile Strength Yield Strength Proof Load
Grade 1 60,000 psi (415 MPa) 36,000 psi (250 MPa) 33,000 psi (230
MPa)
Grade 2 74,000 psi (510 MPa) 57,000 psi (395 MPa) 55,000 psi (380
MPa)
• Bolt Grades Related to Strength
Grade 5 120,000 psi (830 92,000 psi (635 MPa) 85,000 psi (590
MPa) MPa) • Moreover, identifying bolt grades is
Grade 8 150,000 psi (1,035 130,000 psi (895 120,000 psi (825 essential for ensuring the correct
MPa) MPa) MPa)
application based on strength and
Grade 8.2 150,000 psi (1,035 120,000 psi (825 120,000 psi (825 hardness. Here’s a brief overview:
MPa) MPa) MPa)
Grade 9 180,000 psi (1,240 140,000 psi (965 140,000 psi (965
MPa) MPa) MPa)
• Each grade reflects the bolt’s ability to
Class 8.8 830 MPa (120,000 640 MPa (93,000 psi) 600 MPa (87,000 handle stress under different
psi) psi)
conditions. Selecting the appropriate
Class 10.9 1,040 MPa (151,000 940 MPa (136,000 830 MPa (120,000
psi) psi) psi) grade ensures safety and reliability in
engineering applications.
Class 12.9 1,220 MPa (176,000 1,220 MPa (176,000 970 MPa (140,000
psi) psi) psi)
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Conclusion
• Key Takeaways:
Screws and fasteners are essential in creating non-
permanent joints.
Proper design and material selection ensure the
joint’s strength, durability, and ease of use.
Non-permanent joints are vital in various industries
due to their flexibility and reusability.
• Final Thoughts:
• Engineering advancements will continue to
enhance the efficiency and sustainability of
fastening technology.
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Thank you for your
attention
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