SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION

(Packed Bed Type)

(KCMT-104B-ECO)
 Foreword
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gain practical knowledge through experiments.

However your comfort and safety are important to us, so we want you have an understanding of
proper procedure to use the equipment. For the purpose, we urge you to read and follow the step-
by-step operating instructions and safety precautions in this manual. It will ensure that your
favourite product delivers reliable, superior performance year after year.

This manual includes information for all options available on this model. Therefore, you may find
some information that does not apply to your equipment.

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K.C. Engineers Pvt. Ltd.

 Important Information About This Manual

Reminder for Safety

Modification on Equipment:

This equipment should not be modified. Modification could affect its performance, safety or
disturbance. In addition damage or performance problems resulting from modification may not be
covered under warranties.

Precautions and Maintenance:

This is used to indicate the presence of a hazard that could cause minor or moderate personal injury
or damage to your equipment. To avoid or reduce the risk, the procedures must be followed
carefully.
 Contents
1. Objective …………………………………… 1

2. Aim …………………………………… 1

3. Introduction …………………………………… 1

4. Theory …………………………………… 1

5. Description …………………………………… 2

6. Utilities Required …………………………………… 2

7. Experimental Procedure …………………………………… 2

8. Observation & Calculation …………………………………… 3

9. Nomenclature …………………………………… 4

10. Precautions & Maintenance Instructions …………………………………… 5

11. Troubleshooting …………………………………… 5

12. References …………………………………… 5

13. Block Diagram …………………………………… 6

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION (Packed Bed Type)
(Rev. 1)
 SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTION UNIT
(PACKED BED TYPE)
1. OBJECTIVE:
To study the solid liquid extraction operation in a packed bed extraction unit.

2. AIM:
2.1 To calculate the percentage recovery of oil.

2.2 To show the effect of solvent temperature and solvent rate on the percentage
recovery of oil from oil seeds.

3. INTRODUCTION:
Leaching is a method of extracting a desired chemical that is dispersed or dissolved in a
solid. The solid is ground up into small pieces and "washed" with a solvent in which the
desired chemical is soluble. Sometimes the solid and solvent form slurry that can be
conveyed. In any event the desired chemical is transferred from the solid to the liquid
phase. The resultant liquid, which is rich in the desired chemical, is filtered to remove
fine suspended grains of the solid. The liquid can then be distilled or otherwise purified.

4. THEORY:
Leaching is a common industrial process, but it also occurs in natural systems, such as
in the motion of water through soil. In this case, the solid phase is soil particles, and the
leaching solvent is water, presumably rainwater that percolates through the soil. Some
chemicals attached to the soil particles are water-soluble. These chemicals are
transferred to water as it flows through the soil. Such a process is sometimes called in-
situ leaching, because it occurs with solid phase fixed in place.

Oil seeds contain edible oil in it. When oil seeds are mixed with hexane, oil is transferred
from the solid oil seeds. The rate of mass transfer and, therefore, the concentration of
the oil in the hexane phase, are strongly affected by several variables, like:

1) The amount of oil seed in the bed.

2) The volume of hexane used.

3) Temperature of hexane.

4) The coarseness of the solid oil seeds.

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION (Packed Bed Type)
Page No. 1 of 6 (Rev. 1)
 We will examine quantitatively a few of the variables that affect the leaching process.

a. Size of particle: Smaller size particles provides greater interfacial area between the
solid and liquid which in turn results in higher rate of transfer of material. However the
particle size should not be too small, otherwise separation of solid form liquid and
drainage of solid residue will become more difficult.

b. Temperature: High temperature favours the leaching operation.

c. Solvent flow rate: It should be not too less or high for effective extraction.

5. DESCRIPTION:
The set up consists of glass column fitted with SS mesh to support the solid material.
The solvent is introduced near the bottom of the column and it flow upward counter
currently to the solids. A pump supplies the solvent and flow rate of solvent is monitored
by means of a rotameter. Solvent feed tank is kept in an oil bath fitted with heater and
digital temperature controller is used to maintain the constant temperature. Receiving
tank is provided for the collection of product.

6. UTILITIES REQUIRED:
6.1 Electricity Supply: Single Phase, 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 5-15 Amp combined socket
with earth connection.

6.2 Floor Drain Required.

6.3 Oven for drying solid.

6.4 Chemicals:

Hexane : 30 lit.

Expeller waste : 5 kg

7. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
7.1 STARTING PROCEDURE:

7.1.1 Prepare mixture of 100 gm of expeller waste and 1 liter of hexane.

7.1.2 After one hour filter the expeller waste, dry and weigh it.

7.1.3 The loss in the weight is the initial oil content.

7.1.4 Fill known amount of solid in the column.

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION (Packed Bed Type)
Page No. 2 of 6 (Rev. 1)
 7.1.5 Fill hexane in the solvent tank.

7.1.6 Fill water in outer tank for heating.

7.1.7 Set desired temperature of hexane by PID controller (up to 55 deg).

7.1.8 Note down the temperature.

7.1.9 Connect electric supply to the set-up.

7.1.10 Switch ON the heater.

7.1.11 After required temperature achieved switch ON the pump.

7.1.12 Allow hexane to flow through column at particular flow rate by adjust
control valve V1 and note down the flow rate.

7.1.13 Run the experiment for one hour and then switch OFF the pump.

7.1.14 Drain the hexane from the column by open the valve V2 provided at the
bottom.

7.1.15 Collect the wet solid in the tray, dry it in the air first and then in oven till
constant weight, and measure the weight of dry solid.

7.1.16 Repeat the experiment for different flow rate of hexane.

7.1.17 Repeat the experiment for different desired temperature.

7.2 CLOSING PROCEDURE:

7.2.1 When experiment is over switch OFF the heater.

7.2.2 Switch OFF the pump.

7.2.3 Switch OFF the main power supply.

7.2.4 Drain the solvent tank by open the valve V3.

7.2.5 Drain the water from water tank by open the valve V4.

8. OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:

8.1 DATA:
Initial weight of expeller waste W i = ____ gm
Weight of expeller waste in column W o = ____ gm

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION (Packed Bed Type)
Page No. 3 of 6 (Rev. 1)
 8.2 OBSERVATIONS:
T = __________ oC

Q = __________ LPH

Wf = __________ gm

W = __________ gm

8.3 CALCULATIONS:

W i  Wf
Xo 
Wi

Oe  W o  W (gm)

Omax  W o X o (gm)

Oe
R  100 (%)
Omax

CALCULATION TABLE:

[Link]. T (oC) Q (LPH) R (%)

9. NOMENCLATURE:

Nom Column Heading Units Type

Oe Oil recovered gm Calculated
Omax Maximum oil content in oil seed gm Calculated
Q Flow rate of hexane LPH Measured
R Percentage recovery % Calculated
o
T Temperature C Measured
W Weight of exhausted oil seeds gm Measured
Wf Weight of expeller waste after drying gm Measured
Wi Initial weight of expeller waste gm Given

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION (Packed Bed Type)
Page No. 4 of 6 (Rev. 1)
 Wo Weight of expeller waste in column gm Given
Xo Initial concentration of oil in oil seeds * Calculated

* Symbols are unit less.

10. PRECAUTION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS:

10.1 Always use the fresh expeller waste that should contain some oil.

10.2 Hexane should be oil free.

10.3 Don’t switch ON the heater before filling the water in the water tank.

10.4 Proper cleaning should be necessary for the set-up.

11. TROUBLESHOOTING:
11.1 If temperature is not rising, but heater is ON, it means there is some loose
connection, tight it properly.

12. REFERENCES:
12.1 Dutta K. Binay (2007). Principles of Mass Transfer and Separation Processes.
ND: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. pp 481-482.

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION (Packed Bed Type)
Page No. 5 of 6 (Rev. 1)
13. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION (Packed Bed Type)
Page No. 6 of 6 (Rev. 1)