Control chart for variables
Consider a coil manufacturing process in which the quality characteristic of the coil is the resistance
value (in ohms). Random samples of size 5 are selected and the resistances are measured and listed in
the table below.
1. Complete the table by filling in the 𝑋" and 𝑅 values for each sample. Calculate also the 𝑋" and 𝑅" of
the control chart.
Sample number Observations (Ω) 𝑋# 𝑅
1 20, 22, 21, 23, 22
2 19, 18, 22, 20, 20
3 20, 21, 22, 21, 21
4 19, 24, 23, 22, 20
5 25, 18, 20, 17, 22
6 22, 20, 18, 18, 19
7 18, 20, 19, 18, 20
8 20, 18, 23, 20, 21
9 21, 20, 24, 23, 22
10 21, 19, 20, 20, 20
11 20, 20, 23, 22, 20
12 22, 21, 20, 22, 23
13 19, 22, 19, 18, 19
14 20, 21, 22, 21, 22
15 20, 24, 22, 23, 23
16 21, 20, 24, 20, 21
17 20, 18, 18, 20, 20
18 21, 18, 18, 17, 19
19 21, 24, 24, 23, 23
20 20, 24, 22, 23, 23
21 20, 19, 23, 20, 19
22 22, 21, 21, 24, 22
23 23, 22, 22, 20, 22
24 20, 22, 21, 21, 20
25 19, 20, 21, 21, 22
𝑋# = 𝑅# =
Control chart for variables
2. The central line of the R-chart 𝐶𝐿! =
𝑅" = __________________________________________
3. The upper control limit of the R-chart
𝑈𝐶𝐿! = 𝐷" × 𝑅" = __________________________________________
4. The lower control limit of the R-chart
𝐿𝐶𝐿! = 𝐷# × 𝑅" = __________________________________________
5. Sample number(s) of the sample(s) with
𝑅 falls outside the control limits = __________________________________________
Assume that the sample(s) with 𝑹 falls outside the control limits has (have) been eliminated.
6. The revised central line of the R-chart
𝐶𝐿! = 𝑅" = __________________________________________
7. The revised upper control limit of the R-
chart 𝑈𝐶𝐿! = 𝐷" × 𝑅" = __________________________________________
8. The revised lower control limit of the R-
chart 𝐿𝐶𝐿! = 𝐷# × 𝑅" = __________________________________________
9. The revised central line of the 𝑋"-chart
𝐶𝐿$% = 𝑋" = __________________________________________
10. The revised upper control limit of the 𝑋"-
chart 𝑈𝐶𝐿$% = 𝑋" + 𝐴& × 𝑅" = __________________________________________
11. The revised lower control limit of the 𝑋"-
chart 𝐿𝐶𝐿$% = 𝑋" − 𝐴& × 𝑅" = __________________________________________
12. Sample number(s) of the sample(s) with
𝑋" falls outside the control limits = __________________________________________
/ falls outside the control limits has (have) been eliminated.
Assume that the sample(s) with 𝑿
13. The revised central line of the R-chart
𝐶𝐿! = 𝑅" = __________________________________________
14. The revised upper control limit of the R-
chart 𝑈𝐶𝐿! = 𝐷" × 𝑅" = __________________________________________
15. The revised lower control limit of the R-
chart 𝐿𝐶𝐿! = 𝐷# × 𝑅" = __________________________________________
16. The revised central line of the 𝑋"-chart
𝐶𝐿$% = 𝑋" = __________________________________________
17. The revised upper control limit of the 𝑋"-
chart 𝑈𝐶𝐿$% = 𝑋" + 𝐴& × 𝑅" = __________________________________________
18. The revised lower control limit of the 𝑋"-
chart 𝐿𝐶𝐿$% = 𝑋" − 𝐴& × 𝑅" = __________________________________________
Control chart for variables
19. Plot the 𝑋" and 𝑅 charts. Draw the CL, UCL and LCL in the charts.
Note: The special causes must be identified and eliminated before the 𝑋"-chart and the R-chart can be
used for the process control.
Factors for computing CL, UCL and LCL.
Control chart for variables
Source: ASTM