SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY,
AND SOCIETY
(STS)

AL-YUSRI S. ALLER, LPT, MAT

Instructor
Lesson Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:

§ discuss the concept of science education;

§ Identify science schools established to promote science
education in the Philippines; and
INTRO
• The Philippines is trying its best to improve the state of science
education in the country.
• This lesson will discuss the concept of science education and
will identify some strategies to promote science education in the
country.
• One of the strategies is to establish science schools that will
encourage to pursue their career in science and technology to
nurture their gifted potentials in science.
THE CONCEPT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION
 Marx opines that science is going to be one of the most
1994 important school subjects in the future.

John Dewey stressed the importance of utilizing the

natural environment to teach students. Nature must
2001 furnish its physical stimuli to provide wealth of meaning
through social activities and thinking

Tilghman emphasized that science education provides

skills and knowledge that are necessary for a person to
2005 live in what Knight (1986) describes as the age of science
and to develop a citizenry that will meet the goals of
science in the society.
 BASIC EDUCATION
v Science education helps v Science education develops
students learn important positive attitudes such as
concepts and facts that are -love for knowledge
related to everyday life -passion for innovative things
including important skills that -curiosity to study nature
are needed in coping up with -creativity
daily lives such as v Science education will develop
-process skills a strong foundation for studying
-critical thinking skills science-related careers in the
-life skills future. This is an investment for
the country to develop a
scientifically cultured and
literate citizenry.
 TERTIARY EDUCATION
Science education deals with Science education also focuses on
developing students the preparation of science
understanding and appreciation teachers, scientists, engineers, and
of science ideas and scientific other professionals in various
works. This is done through science-related fields such as
offering basic science courses in engineering, agriculture, medicine,
the general education curriculum. and health sciences.

The state provides scholarships to encourage more students to pursue science

courses.
 SCIENCE SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES
The establishment of science schools in various parts of the country is one of the
outstanding program for science education supported by the government.

Philippine Science High School Quezon City Regional Science

(PSHSS) High School

Special Science Elementary

Schools (SSES) Project Manila Science High School

Central Visayan Institute Foundation

There are also several government programs implemented by the Department of

Education and few private schools for science education.
 PHILIPPINE SCIENCE § PPSHS have proven to be a
beacon of excellence,
HIGH SCHOOL (PSHSS) courage and hope for the
country bringing honor to the
§ A government program for gifted students in country through their
the Philippines. exemplary achievements in
§ It is a service institute of the DOST whose various international
mandate is to offer scholarship basis for competitions and research
secondary course with special emphasis on circles.
subject pertaining to the science with the § When the students graduate
end-view of preparing its students for from the school, they are
science career (R.A. 3661) expected to pursue degrees
§ The school maintains dormitory for all its in science and technology at
students. various college and
universities locally or abroad.
 SPECIAL SCIENCE § The SSES Project aims to
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS develop Filipinos children
equipped with scientific and
(SSES) PROJECT technological knowledge,
skills, and values. Its mission
§ The SSES Project is pursuant to DO No. 73 s. is to:
2008 and DO No. 51 s. 2010.
§ The project started in June 2007 with 57 ü Provide learning environment to
identified elementary schools that science-inclined children through a
participated or were identified as science special curriculum that recognizes
elementary schools in the country. the multiple intelligences of the
learners.
§ The number of schools offering the program
ü Promote the development of
have grown over the past years. lifelong learning skills
§ The subject Science and Health is taught in ü Foster the holistic development of
with longer time compared to other subjects the learners.
(70 mins for G1 to G3 and 80 mins. For G4 to G6)
 QUEZON CITY REGIONAL § The school still teaches the
basic education courses
SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL prescribed by DepEd
however, there are additional
subjects in science and
technology that students
§ The school was established on September 17,
should take.
1967. § The school envisions to serve
§ Originally, it was named Quezon City Science as a venue in providing
High School but was turned into a regional maximum opportunities for
science high school for the NCR in 1999. science-gifted students to
§ The school was a product of a dream to
develop spirit if inquiry and
establish a special science school for talented creativity.
students in science and mathematics. § The school is well supported
§ The focus of the curriculum is on science and by the local government
technology. unity and by the Parents and
Teachers Association (PTA).
 MANILA SCIENCE HIGH
§ The school administers an
SCHOOL exam, the Manila Science
High School Admission Test
§ The school was established on October 1,
(MSAT) for students who wish
1963 as the Manila Science High School
to enroll.
(MSHS).
§ The MSAT has five parts:
§ It is the first science high school in the -aptitude in science.
Philippines. -aptitude in math
§ The organization and curriculum of the school -problem-solving test in science
puts more emphasis on science and -problem-solving test in math
mathematics. -proficiency in english
§ MSHS aims to produce scientists with souls. In § The school prides itself from
order to do this, humanities courses and producing outstanding
other electives are included in their alumni and for winning
curriculum. various national
§ Students are also encouraged to participate competitions.
in various extra-curricular activities.
 CENTRAL VISAYAN INSTITUTE FOUNDATION
§ The home of the prominent school-based innovation known as the
Dynamic Learning Program (DLP).
§ DLP is a synthesis of classical and modern pedagogical theories
adapted to foster the highest level of learning, creativity, and
productivity.
§ The school takes pride in its Research Center for Theoretical Physics
(RCTP) established in 1992, which organizes small international
workshops to foster the informal but intense exchange of ideas and
perspectives on outstanding problems in physics and mathematics..
 INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
THE PHILIPPINES

Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
• discuss the concept of indigenous science; and
• discuss the contribution of indigenous science in the
development science and technology in the Philippines.
INTRO
• Filipinos, especially during the early times, tried to invent tools
that will help them in everyday life.
• They also developed alternative ideas in explaining various
phenomena and in explaining the world around them.
• This system of knowledge is called indigenous knowledge, which
is the foundation of indigenous science.
 INDIGENEOUS Some examples of indigenous
knowledge that are taught and
KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM practiced by the indigenous people
are:
• predicting weather conditions and
• Indigenous knowledge is embedded in the seasons using knowledge in observing
animals' behavior and celestial bodies;
daily life experiences of young children as
• using herbal medicine;
they grow up. • preserving foods;
• They live and grow in a society where the • classifying plants and animals into
members of the community prominently families and groups based on cultural
properties;
practice indigenous knowledge. • preserving and selecting good seeds
• Their parents and other older folks served as for planting; using indigenous
technology in daily lives;
their first teachers and their methods of
• building local irrigation systems,
teaching are very effective in transmitting • classifying different types of soil for
cultural knowledge in their minds. planting based on cultural properties;
• The lessons they learned are intimately • producing wines and juices from
tropical fruits; and
interwoven with their culture and the • keeping the custom of growing plants
environment. and vegetables in the yard.
 INDIGENOUS SCIENCE

• Indigenous science is part of the indigenous knowledge system practiced by

different groups of people and early civilizations (Gribbin, 2001; Mkapa, 2004;
Sibisi, 2004).
• It includes complex arrays of knowledge, expertise, practices, and
representations that guide human societies in their enumerable interactions
with the natural milieu: agriculture, medicine, naming and explaining natural
phenomena, and strategies for coping with changing environments (Pawilen,
2005). Ogawa (1995) claimed that it is collectively lived in and experienced by
the people of a given culture.
 INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
• According to Cajete (2004), indigenous science includes everything, from
metaphysics to philosophy and various practical technologies practiced by
indigenous peoples both past and present.
• Iaccarino (2003) elaborated this idea by explaining that science is a part of
culture, and how science is done largely depends on the cultural practices of the
people.
• Indigenous beliefs also develop desirable values that are relevant or consistent
to scientific attitudes as identified by Johnston (2000), namely: (1) motivating
attitudes; (2) cooperating attitudes; (3) practical attitudes; and (4) reflective
attitudes. These cultural beliefs therefore can be good foundation for
developing positive values toward learning and doing science and in bringing
science in a personal level.
 INDIGENOUS SCIENCE

• Pawilen 2005) explained that indigenous science knowledge has developed

diverse structures and contents through the interplay between the society and
the environment.
• According to Kuhn (1962), developmental stages of most sciences are
characterized by continual competition between a number of distinct views of
nature, each partially derived from, and all roughly compatible with the dictates
of scientific observation and method.
• Sibisi (2004) also pointed out that indigenous science provides the basics of
astronomy, pharmacology, food technology, or metallurgy, which were derived
from traditional knowledge and practices.
 INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
• Pawilen (2006) developed a simple framework for understanding indigenous
science.
• Accordingly, indigenous science is composed of traditional knowledge that uses
science process skills and guided by community values and culture.

INDIGENOUS SCIENCE

uses guided by composed

Science Process Community Culture Traditional

Skills and Values Knowledge

The Concept of Indigenous Science

 INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
1. Indigenous science uses science process skills such as observing,
comparing, classifying, measuring, problem solving, inferring,
communicating, and predicting.
2. Indigenous science is guided by culture and community values such as the
following:
• The land is a source of life. It is a precious gift from the creator.
• The Earth is revered as "Mother Earth." It is the origin of their identity
as people.
• All living and nonliving things are interconnected and
interdependent with each other.
• Human beings are stewards or trustee of the land and other natural
resources. They have a responsibility to preserve it.
• Nature is a friend to human beings it needs respect and proper care.
3. Indigenous science is composed of traditional knowledge practiced and
valued by people and communities such as ethno-biology, ethno-medicine,
indigenous farming methods, and folk astronomy.
 INDIGENOUS SCIENCE

• Indigenous science is important in the development of science and

technology in the Philippines.
• Like the ancient civilizations, indigenous science gave birth to the
development of science and technology as a field and as a discipline.
Indigenous science helped the people in understanding the natural
environment and in coping with everyday life.
• UNESCO's Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge (1999)
recognized indigenous science as a historical and valuable contribution to
science and technology.