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Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Explained

Chapter 6 covers the classification of elements, including atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds, as well as the organization of the periodic table. It also discusses the differences between metals and non-metals, the nature of mixtures and their separation methods, and the properties of compounds. Additionally, the chapter explains physical and chemical changes, highlighting the formation of new substances.

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Kok Yoong Ee
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13 views4 pages

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Explained

Chapter 6 covers the classification of elements, including atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds, as well as the organization of the periodic table. It also discusses the differences between metals and non-metals, the nature of mixtures and their separation methods, and the properties of compounds. Additionally, the chapter explains physical and chemical changes, highlighting the formation of new substances.

Uploaded by

Kok Yoong Ee
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

🌟 Chapter 6: Periodic Table, Mixtures, and

Compounds

🔬 6.1 Classification of Elements

• Atom: Smallest particle of matter. Made up of:


o Proton (+)
o Neutron (neutral)
o Electron (−)
o Atoms are neutral because protons = electrons.
• Molecule: Two or more atoms chemically bonded.
• Element:
o Simplest pure substance.
o Contains only one type of atom.
o E.g.: Iron (Fe), Oxygen (O₂), Carbon (C)
• Compound:
o Made of 2 or more elements chemically bonded.
o E.g.: Water (H₂O), Salt (NaCl), Sugar
• Periodic Table:
o Organized by increasing proton number.
o Introduced by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869.
o Classified into metals, non-metals, and inert gases.

⚙ Differences Between Metals and Non-Metals

Property Metals Non-Metals


Appearance Shiny Dull
Ductility Ductile (can Brittle
stretch)
Malleability Malleable Not malleable
Conductivity (Electric & Good Poor (except
Heat) carbon)
Density High Low
Melting/Boiling Point High Low

• Semi-metals: e.g. Silicon, Germanium — show both metallic and


non-metallic properties.
🧪 6.2 Mixtures

• Mixture: 2 or more substances physically combined.


o Can be separated physically.

🧰 Separation Methods:

Method Use Case Example


Filtration Sand + water
Distillation Water + alcohol
Magnet Iron filings + sand
Sedimentation Muddy water
Floatation Oil + water
Chromatography Ink separation / food colouring

⚗ 6.3 Compounds

• Compound:
o Formed chemically from elements.
o Properties different from original elements.
o E.g.: Iron + Sulphur → Iron Sulphide
• Separation of Compounds: Requires chemical method like
electrolysis (e.g., water → H₂ + O₂)

🧠 Comparison Table:

Feature Mixture Compound


Formation of new substance ❌ No ✅ Yes
Type of bonding Physical Chemical
Separation method Physical Chemical
Properties Same as components New properties
🔄 Types of Changes

Type Definition Examples


Physical No new substance formed Melting, boiling
Change
Chemical New substance formed with new Rusting,
Change properties combustion

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