aims to describe sociolinguistic variation
and, if possible, explain why it happens science which is concerned with the
sociolinguistics? study of the relationship between
e.g. vocabulary, sounds, grammatical 1 - Identifying clearly the Sociolinguistics language and OR in society.
construction, dialects linguistic variation involved.
Identifying clearly the different to do so Why we speak differently in different
( e.g. features related to participants, social or non-linguistic factors social contexts.
setting or function of the interaction leading speakers to use one form relationship
What do sociolinguists identifying the social functions of
rather than another. between
study? language
language &
1. A social distance scale he different types of linguistic
T society
variation used to express and reflect
2. A status scale
it determine linguistic Variation ( social factors.
3. A formality scale
linguistic choice )
social
4. Two functional scales relating to the
purposes or topic of interaction. choice of linguistic variation peaker’s
s educational
Concerned with participant relationships reflects background of occupational
whether it is friendly or distant Social distance scale
It deals with how well we know geographical
relationship
someone?
Linguistic variation
efers to the occupational or
R
educational status of the participants The status scale ifferent types of linguistic variation
d
whether high or low What are the different ways we say used to express and reflect social factors
ocial
S
the level of formality of the setting. imensions
d things? vocabulary
The language used will be determined by grammar
Areas of linguistic
the formality of the setting The formality scale sounds
Chapter 1 variation
informal language friendly chat word structure\
formal language school, government ...etc morphology
concerned with conveying information in word choice (vocabulary )
The referential scale
interaction between participants is the changes that occur at linguistic
oth referential & affective function
B word sound pronunciation (phonology)
concerned with conveying & expressing different levels of linguistic variation
scales are particularly basic & pervasive word structure (morphology) and
feelings in interaction between The function scales analysis levels
participants. word order (grammar)
Linguistic
variation offers the speaker a choice of ways of
social factors which influence the choice expression
of appropriate ways of speaking in
Sociolinguis rovides us with different linguistic
p
different social contexts.
tics and styles for use in different social contexts
oncerned with the relationship between
c context
language and the contexts in which it is a. Who is speaking.
he
T
used. b. Who are they speaking
articipants
p
to.
the social context in which social factors are relevant to any
The way people talk is influenced by Social factors The setting where are they speaking?
they are talking. ocial
S particular linguistic variation.
A. Who is hearing us. The topic what is being talked about?
context
B. Where we are talking. involves: he
T
why are they speaking?
C. How we are feeling. function:
1. Ask for and give information. unctions
F depending on the social context.
we use language to Why do we say the same thing in
2. Express our feelings. of language come from our cultural background
different ways?
deeply affected by our culture and social
background