is switching from one language to
another.
Relatively neutral term used to refer to Code choice Particular topics may be discussed in one
languages and dialects. code rather than another, regardless of
Avoids the problem of drawing a the setting or addressee/ address /
Variety addressor.
distinction between two
avoids negative attitudes often attached Participants Who is speaking/speaking to
to the term dialect. draws on setting social context of the interaction
three
agreement between and support for the topics What is being talked about?
important
members of a group, especially a
social ay select a particular variety or code
m
political group
factors in people because it makes it easier to discuss a
.g. vernacular forms are valued by their
e code particular topic
users as a means of expressing solidarity choice eople often discuss work or school, for
p
and affective meaning
Solidarity at home instance, using the language associated
Domain
e.g., ‘The situation raises important with those domains
questions about solidarity among
family
member states of the UN’.
friendship
e.g., ‘The lecturers joined the protest
march to show solidarity with their Examples religion
students’. education
choice between the words of two ode
C employment
languages or varieties switching Different between code Chapter 2
switching and Lexical used for situations where a community
exical
L Borrowing regularly uses more than three
results from the lack of vocabulary.
orrowing
b languages.
borrowing single words\ nouns it results from the lack of vocabulary describes situations where a number of
distinct codes are used for clearly
people will often use a term from their Polyglossia
distinct purposes or in clearly
first language because they don't know When speaking a second
distinguishable situations.
the appropriate word in their second language exical
L
language borrowing r elationships between the various codes
or varieties are not at all straightforward.
ay borrow words from another
M
language to express a concept for which one for High (H) hurch,
c
there is no obvious word available in the situation where two closely related functions ewspapers
n
language they are using. languages are used in a speech
community. one for Low (L) home, or
to signal solidarity functions market
to reflect one's ethnic identity The situation is supposed to be relatively
stable and the languages/varieties
to show off
ode-switching is to move from
C remain distinct
to hide some information one code (language, dialect, or ode-
C Now often extended to refer to any two
to achieve better explanation style) to another during speech. switching languages ( unrelated ones) that have
why? this kind of social and functional
to reduce social distance with the hearer
Diglossia distribution.
to increase social distance
wo distinct varieties of the same
T
to impress the audience. high ( H ) and a low (L) variety.
language are used in the community
rucial
c Each variety is used for quite distinct
H and L complement each other
features functions
No one uses the H variety in everyday
conversation
high ( H ) variety standred language فصحى
low (L) variety everyday language عامية