INTRODUCTION

The capital of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is Dhaka City. There are 9.3 million people
living in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area (DMA) as of 2011. At the moment, the majority of
urban mobility in the DMA takes place on roads where cars, buses, auto-rickshaws, rickshaws,
etc. coexist.
Along with the health risks brought on by road pollution, particularly air pollution, this causes
considerable traffic congestion. Both the urban population and the number of privately owned
cars are anticipated to rise in tandem with the nation's fast economic expansion.
As a result, the DMA's urban (public) transportation system has to be improved in order to
reduce traffic congestion and stop environmental degradation. In response to this, the
Bangladeshi government (GOB) created the "Strategic Transport
Plan for Dhaka" (STP) in collaboration with the World Bank in 2005 (WB). Given that the STP
was Following official approval by the GOB, it is anticipated that each donor would give the
help based on this STP to enhance the state of urban transportation. Moreover, Japan Dhaka
Urban Transportation was carried out by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
Network Development Study (DHUTS) Phase 1 with the DTCA as its sponsor from March
2009 alternative agency the purpose of the project was to conceive the fundamental urban
a development plan for the DMA by 2025 and to choose the most important projects to
construct such a case.
The MRT Line 6 was suggested as a high priority project by that assessment. As a result, MRT
Line 6's feasibility study was carried out by JICA as part of DHUTS Phase 2. These
investigations led to the GOB and JICA's financing agreement on the "Dhaka Mass Rapid
Transit Development Project" to build MRT Line 6 being finalized in February 2013. The BRT
Line 3 basic design and feasibility study were completed by the World Bank, which is now
working on the project's final design. On the other side, the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
has been conducting the operations for the detailed design stage of the BRT Line 3 Extension
Project (from the airport to Gazipur) since April 2013. The ADB has already finished the basic
design.
Regarding the transportation network plan, the STP, which was created in 2006, specified three
BRT lines (i.e., BRT Lines 1, 2, and 3), each of which was scheduled to begin operations before
2010.
But other projects included in the STP have not yet begun, with the exception of MRT Line 6
and BRT Line 3, therefore the STP required to be reviewed and amended. The Project on the
Revision and Updating of the Strategic Transport was carried out by JICA. May 2014 with the
DTCA as its counterpart agency.
The Bangladesh government, with funding from Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA), has started a project to reduce traffic congestion and decrease air pollution in Dhaka
City by building a mass rapid transit system. This will help in the economic and social growth
of the Greater Dhaka Region. According to the Strategic Transport Plan (RSTP) for Dhaka, the

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MRT Line 5 is considered a high priority project. The route of MRT Line 5 is depicted in
Figure 1

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 1: Map Showing the MRT Line 5 Alignment with Stations Location

SCOPE OVERVIEW
The EIA report was prepared on the basis of proposed construction planning, field
investigations, stakeholder consultation, primary and secondary data collection, screening of
all baseline environmental parameters, environmental quality baseline monitoring, and review
of other similar project reports in Bangladesh and other countries. The study was taken up
during February – July, 2017.

The EIA covers the general environmental profile of the Project area including physical,
ecological, environmental, social, cultural and economic resources. Baseline environmental
monitoring was carried out on water (surface and ground), air and noise quality measurements
and ecological monitoring. The EIA includes an overview of the potential environmental
impacts and their severity, and proposes necessary mitigation measures and environmental
management plan for each of the identified impacts.
The EIA report has been prepared according to the approved ToR (Annex-1) and specific terms
and conditions in the DoE letter no. DoE/Clearance/5726/2017/107 dated 22/02/2017 for
obtaining Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from the Department of
Environment (DoE).

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Traffic congestion is the common scenario in the Dhaka city. Every day people expend their
valuable time on the road. Considering the traffic congestion, population density in Dhaka city
as well as air pollution, Government of Bangladesh has taken different mega project in the
Dhaka city to resolve the traffic problem. To alleviate the traffic congestion Government of
Bangladesh with the financial assistance by JICA, first metro rail project (MRT Line 6) in
Dhaka city construction work has already been started. JICA has taken the initiatives to find
out the other MRT routes to accelerate the communication system in Dhaka city. According to
the Strategic Transport Plan (RSTP), the MRT line 5 is one of the priority route.

MRT Line 5 is a 22 km long east-west corridor from Hemayetpur to Vatara via Dar-us-Salaam
road, Mirpur road, Banani cantonment and Madani Avenue. Underground section is planned
in the central area of Dhaka for 13.5 km long and viaduct structure is planned at suburban area
for 6.5 km. MRT line 5 consist of total 14 stations of which 5 will viaduct station and other 14
stations is planned underground station. The station will be placed approximately every 1 km.

The pile foundation of the elevated section will be 40 m depth from the existing ground level
and pile diameter is applied as 1.2 meter to 1.5 meter. Superstructure type is selected as PC
Box girder considering structural performance, economy and workability. The standard span
of superstructure is considered as 30 m, same as used in MRT Line 6. Maximum span could be
45 m considering the surrounding road and intersections. Noise barrier wall of 1.5 m height
from rail level is installed in both edge of girder. Noise barrier wall is made by precast concrete,
and it is connected by anchor rebar with girder. Underground section will start after the Amin
bazar station following the Gabtoli- Mirpur 1-Mirpur 10 – Kachukhet – Banani – Gulshan 2 –
Natun Bazar route and will come to the surface ground after the Natun bazar station.
Underground section will be constructed using the shield tunneling method. The tunnel outer
diameter considered as 7 m. Single track cross section shall be applied for the MRT line 5
project as for two tunnels are necessary for the MRT 5 route.

Table 1: Station Characteristics

Table 1: Station Characteristics

Source: JICA Study Team

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PROJECT PLANNING
The proposed PRF will support the preparation and high project readiness of the ensuing loan.
The PRF will prepare the detailed feasibility study, engineering design, and procurement
document; and provide assistance in procurement-related processes.

The ensuing project of MRT Line 5 (Southern Route) will comprise a total length of about 17.4
km between Gabtoli and Dasherkandi stations. The congested central area of Dhaka requires
12.8 km of underground section with 12 stations, while the remaining section will be elevated
with 4 stations. The ensuing project will be considered after completing the engineering design
supported by the PRF.

Figure 2: Map Showing the MRT Line 5 Alignment with Planning Location

An efficient transportation system with good inter and intra city linkages is essential to ensure
Dhaka’s position as a functional city with population of more than 15.9 million. Present
transport system in the city is chaotic in terms of traffic congestion, pollution, accident,
inefficient travel time. A huge number of modes of motorized and non- motorized traffic are
observed everywhere on roads. The number of automobiles has steadily increased for the last
decades. The city needs to provide efficient public transport infrastructure to address the
growing population, vehicles and economic activities. Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network in
Dhaka has been proposed as critical measures to mitigate the serious traffic congestion and
improve economic efficiency in the area. Strategic Transport Plan (STP) was formulated by
the Dhaka Transport Coordination Board (DTCB) under the technical assistance by the World
Bank in 2005; STP emphasized necessity of a modern, clean, efficient system which will create
a high level of service covering the whole metropolitan area and reaching out to the new

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Communities in an integrated manner. Based on the STP study, Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Project
(DHUTS) in 2010 and the Revised Strategic Transport Plan (RSTP) in 2015. The concept of
urban transport development under RSTP is to set up satellite regional centers to reduce the
population density in central business district (CBD) and to connect CBD with the satellite
cities by MRT and/or Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). RSTP proposed 5 MRT lines and 2 BRT lines
as shown below. RSTP was approved as an official transport plan in August 2016 by Ministry
of Road Transport and Bridges. In line with RSTP, JICA has conducted preparatory studies
(feasibility studies [FS]) for three MRT lines in Dhaka: MRT Line 1, Line 5 (North) and Line
6. JICA is currently supporting construction of Line 6, and engineering designs for Line 1 and
Line 5 (North) through ODA loans. The total length of the Project is about 17.4 km between
Gabtoli station and Dasherkandi station with an underground section of about 12.8 km and an
elevated section of about 4.6 km with 12 underground and 4 elevated stations; a depot
accommodating rolling stocks and operational facilities for Line 5 (South) is planned near the
east end of the Project at Dasherkandi station area. Line 5 (South) will be connected with Line
5 (North) at Gabtoli station, both of which will serve as east-west corridors and make it possible
to transfer with north-south running MRTs/BRTs at several stations. Through-services between
the two lines of North and South of Line 5 may be considered for the extension section of Line
5 (North). There will be 15 stations (including future stations at the east end but excluding
Gabtoli station) to be constructed under the Project, 11 of which will be underground stations.

PROJECT SCHEDULE, ESTIMATION, AND COST CONTROL.

It has been expected that construction of the MRT line 5 will be started from end of 2021 and
completed end of 2027. The MRT line 5 will start commercial operation by July 2028. The
following Figure 3 shows the tentative schedule of the MRT line 5.

Figure 3: Time Schedule of MRT Line 5

Source: JICA Study Team

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COST ESTIMATION
The grand total project cost has been estimated 299 billion BDT.

No action plan is a case that MRT Line 5 is not implemented, In DMA, chronic traffic
congestion has become significant problem. Expected population increase and economic
growth will cause expansion of traffic congestion, deterioration of environment and economic
loss. In case that MRT Line1 and Line5 are not implemented, no land acquisition and
involuntary resettlement are expected. However sustainable growth of local industry will be
hampered. The environment of the area will deteriorate further by the traffic congestion and
air pollution.

MILESTONE
For rapid economic development and industrialisation, there is no alternative to develop
infrastructures like roads, rail, power, gas, and other amenities. Among them, road connectivity
is vital for the overall development of the country. There is a slogan in China, “In order to get
wealthy, pave the road first.” Perhaps this slogan is applicable to all developed and developing
countries in the world. Since the reform and opening, the state (China) has adopted the forms
of government investment, collection of social funds and utilisation of foreign funds to increase
more investment and give corresponding policy support to road connection with artery railway,
freeway, hub airport and international shipping centre as key points. A good economy cannot
run without good communications either for movements of the peoples or movements of the
products. In modern times, it has been added for digital connectivity along with analogue
connectivity. In this article, I have stressed road communication which is vital for our country
and our people. We all know about the traffic jam in Dhaka city and its nearby areas. It is
beyond tolerance for a long time. Considering the factor, the present government has taken
various pragmatic steps to ease the traffic jam in Dhaka and its adjacent areas. Metro-Rail
project is one of them. First Strategic Transport Plan (STP) was initiated in 2005 for 20 years.
It was then revised on 29/08/2016 which was approved by the Cabinet Division. Revised
Strategic Transport Plan (RSTP) 2015-2035 has been formulated and going to be implemented
by the Revision of Strategic Plan Authority. It aims to establish a planned, modern and
coordinated mass communication to ease traffic jams. Revised Strategic Transport Plan (RSTP)
2015-2035 has planned five Mass Rapid Transit/Metro-Rail projects. They are MRT Line-1,
MRT Line-2, MRT Line-4, MRT Line-5 and MRT Line-6 which has 100% government
ownership and is financed by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Dhaka Mass
Transit Company Limited (DMTCL) was established on 03rd June, 2013 is to plan, design,
finance, construction, administer, maintain and manage, maintenance and conduction of above
mentioned Mass Rapid Transit/Metro-Rail. All the projects will be implemented in 08 phases.
DMTCL will build MRT Line-6 in the first phase.

MRT Line-6 (Metro-Rail) at a glance:

Project name: Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit development project. Inauguration: 26/06/2016.
Implementation Authority: DMTCL, Division: Roads Transport And Highways Division.
Ministry: Roads Transport and Bridge Division, Route alignment: Uttara 03rd phase-Pallabi-

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Rokeya Sarani-Khamarbari-Farmgate-Hotel Sonargaon-Shahbagh-TSC-Doel Chattar-
Topakhana Road-Bangladesh Bank, Motijeel, Dhaka. Start with special initiative-December,
2019 (Uttara 03rd phase-Agargaon), December 2020 (Agargaon-Motijeel). The total length is
20.10 km. Lately, the length of the Metro-Rail has been extended up to Kamalapur Railway
Station which added another 1.16 km road distance.

It is a first track project with 21.26 kilometres in length. The feasibility study of the MRT
Line-1 project is completed by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Route
alignment: Airport-Kuril-Gulshan-Badda-Rampura-Mouchak-Rajarbag-Kamalapur &
Purbachal. MRT Line-5: Route: Hemaetpur-Gabtali-Technical-Kachukhet-Banani-Vatara.
Both are underground Rail routes. A loan agreement has been signed with JICA on 29th June
2017. It will be the first underground Metro-Rail in the history of Bangladesh. If we can
conclude and implement these above-mentioned projects, there will be a great effect on the
passenger movements in Dhaka City and its nearby areas and will be a positive effect on our
economy also. It will reduce public sufferings and save money and time. We think that the
Metro-Rail project is another development example for Bangladesh.

KEY DELIVERABLE

1. Improved transportation: The MRT Line 5 project aims to provide a reliable and
efficient transportation option for the citizens of Dhaka. The key deliverable will be the
completion of the project within the given time frame to enable the public to access the
transportation service.

2. Increased accessibility: MRT Line 5 is designed to connect important locations within

Dhaka, such as the business districts and major residential areas. The key deliverable
will be the successful completion of the project to allow for seamless travel and
increased accessibility to these locations.

3. Reduced traffic congestion: The MRT Line 5 project is expected to help reduce traffic
congestion in Dhaka by providing an alternative transportation option. The key
deliverable will be the reduction of traffic congestion in the city, resulting in improved
air quality and reduced travel times.

4. Enhanced safety and comfort: The MRT Line 5 project will feature modern trains
and stations designed to provide a safe and comfortable travel experience for
passengers. The key deliverable will be the successful completion of the project to
ensure the safety and comfort of passengers.

5. Economic development: The MRT Line 5 project is expected to stimulate economic

development by improving access to key locations and promoting transit-oriented
development around stations. The key deliverable will be the successful completion of
the project to support economic growth and development in Dhaka.
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KEY RISK

The Metro Rail project, on average, will save 100.6 minutes per person per day (Average travel
time using Bus = 146.8 minutes, Using Metro rail = 46.2 minutes). If all of the Dhaka dwellers,
22.50 million people, use the services of the Metro rail of Bangladesh, savings will be as high
as Tk73,575 million or Tk7,357.5 crore. Besides, the Metro Rail project will also save USD
2.4 billion each year, which is equal to 1.5% of the national GDP.
Major costs of the project came from the Escalation factor, Tax and import duty, and Land
acquisition costs. In total, the cost of the project was estimated to be Tk220 billion. JAICA
gave 75% of the funds at 0.01% interest and the Bangladesh Government offered the rest. The
construction phase of the Metro Rail projects has already caused huge traffic congestion in
several locations of the city pushing up travel time and fuel consumption.
The implementation of this project will indicate that Bangladesh is moving towards remarkable
economic development and is a viable market for international Trades & Investments. The
automatic country branding achieved through this project is likely to increase the volume of
trade & investment as well as add to the national tax revenue resulting in an increase in the
GDP of this country.
These discussions offer a layout of how the metro rail project, one of the most important
development projects of the country, may offer long-term benefits in terms of the economic
growth of Bangladesh. If we can build on the benefits offered by this project, we will also be
able to sustain this growth in the years to come.

There are several key risks that could impact the successful completion of the MRT Line 5
project in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Some of the major risks include:

1. Land acquisition issues: The MRT Line 5 project requires significant land acquisition,
which could result in delays or legal challenges. There is a risk that affected residents
or landowners may resist the acquisition process, leading to project delays and cost
overruns.

2. Construction challenges: Construction of the MRT Line 5 project is likely to be

complex due to the densely populated urban environment of Dhaka. There is a risk of
unforeseen challenges, such as underground utilities or poor soil conditions, that could
lead to project delays or additional costs.

3. Financing challenges: The MRT Line 5 project requires significant investment, and
there is a risk that the project could face funding challenges or delays in securing
financing. Economic or political instability could also impact the project's funding.

4. Operational challenges: Once the MRT Line 5 project is completed, there are
operational risks such as poor maintenance, insufficient ridership, or safety incidents
that could negatively impact the project's success.

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 5. Political challenges: There is a risk that political instability, changes in government,
or local opposition could impact the MRT Line 5 project's progress or funding. This
risk could also lead to delays or changes in project scope.

KEY STAKEHOLDERS

The MRT Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh is a major transportation project that is expected
to involve a wide range of stakeholders. The key stakeholders include the government of
Bangladesh, which is providing support and oversight for the project, as well as various
government agencies that are involved in aspects such as land acquisition and environmental
impact assessments. The implementing agency, Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited
(DMTCL), is also a key stakeholder responsible for managing the project's planning, design,
construction, and operation. Local communities, including residents and businesses along the
MRT Line 5 route, are important stakeholders who will be affected by the project and who will
need to be consulted and informed about the project's progress. The private sector, including
construction companies, suppliers, and service providers, will also play a key role in the
project's success. Finally, international development agencies, such as the Asian Development
Bank (ADB) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), are providing funding and
technical assistance, and are important stakeholders who have a strong interest in the successful
completion of the MRT Line 5 project.
JICA environmental Guidelines which is applied to the Project is “Guidelines for
Environmental and Social Considerations” (April 2010).

The JICA Guidelines confirm that project proponents are undertaking appropriate
environmental and social considerations, through various measures, so as to prevent or
minimize the impact on the environment and local communities which may be caused by the
projects for which JICA provides funding, and not to bring about unacceptable effects. It will
thus contribute to the sustainable development of developing regions. In its confirmation of
environmental and social considerations, JICA places importance on dialogue with all involved
partners (e.g. the host country, local governments, borrowers and project proponents) regarding
environmental and social considerations. Transparent and accountable processes, as well as
active participation of key stakeholders (e.g. local residents and local NGOs affected by the
project) in all stages of the project are highly considered. The JICA Guidelines are formulated
in reference to the World Bank Operational Policy. The JICA Guidelines provide following
four categories of projects as per its environmental classification system.

The MRT Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh is expected to involve a wide range of
stakeholders, including the following key groups:

1. Government of Bangladesh: The government of Bangladesh is a key stakeholder in

the MRT Line 5 project. The project is being implemented with the support of the

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 government, and government agencies are involved in various aspects of the project,
such as land acquisition, environmental impact assessments, and project management.

2. Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited (DMTCL): DMTCL is the implementing

agency for the MRT Line 5 project, and is responsible for the planning, design,
construction, and operation of the project. DMTCL is a key stakeholder in the project,
and its successful completion will depend on the agency's ability to effectively manage
the project.

3. Local communities: The communities along the MRT Line 5 route are also key
stakeholders in the project. The project will impact their daily lives, and they will be
affected by issues such as land acquisition, construction noise, and traffic disruptions.

4. Private sector: The private sector, including construction companies, suppliers, and
service providers, are also key stakeholders in the MRT Line 5 project. They will be
involved in various aspects of the project, including design, construction, and operation.

5. International development agencies: The MRT Line 5 project has received funding
and technical assistance from various international development agencies, including the
Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
These agencies are key stakeholders in the project and have a strong interest in its
successful completion.

During implementation of the project, extensive consultation and collaboration with key
stakeholders on a continued basis is planned. The selected IA will be required to assist DMTC
in organizing such consultation programs and facilitate consultation with local government
representatives, local leaders, etc.

The main purpose is to make the APs and entitled persons (EPs) aware of the project goals,
importance, GRC procedures, compensation entitlement and receiving procedures, etc. Some
of the major activities are: (a) Inform the EPs about the documents required for claiming
compensation from DC office & resettlement benefit from DMTC (b) checking with the APs
to make sure that they have all the required documents to claim compensation from DC and
DMTC (c) whether or not there are usufruct rights of others on the properties within ROW and
informing the people with such rights about the compensation policies.

The MRT Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh, involves multiple stakeholders who are
essential to its successful implementation. The project's stakeholders include the government,
the project management team, local communities, and passengers.

The government is the primary stakeholder in the MRT Line 5 project. The government's role
is to provide policy support, funding, regulatory approvals, and coordination with other

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government agencies. The government has overall responsibility for the project's success and
must ensure that it adheres to the country's regulations and best practices.

The project management team is another key stakeholder in the MRT Line 5 project. This team
comprises engineers, planners, designers, and construction experts, who are responsible for
planning, designing, and implementing the project. They work closely with the government,
contractors, and other stakeholders to ensure the project's timely completion and adherence to
quality standards.

Local communities along the MRT Line 5's route are another critical stakeholder in the project.
The project's alignment may require land acquisition, and some residents may be displaced
from their homes or businesses. It is essential to engage with these communities, address their
concerns, and provide adequate compensation and support to mitigate the impact of the project.
The project management team must work closely with local communities to ensure their needs
and interests are adequately addressed.

Passengers are also an essential stakeholder in the MRT Line 5 project. The project aims to
provide a reliable, safe, and affordable mode of transportation for the passengers in Dhaka. It
is essential to provide adequate facilities and services to meet the passengers' needs and ensure
their safety and comfort. The project management team must work closely with passenger
representatives to gather feedback and ensure that the project meets their expectations.

Other stakeholders in the MRT Line 5 project include contractors, suppliers, and other service
providers involved in the project's implementation. These stakeholders are responsible for
providing construction materials, equipment, and services required for the project's successful
completion. The project management team must ensure that these stakeholders adhere to
quality and safety standards and ensure timely delivery of their services.

In conclusion, the MRT Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh, has multiple stakeholders who
are critical to its successful implementation. The stakeholders' roles and responsibilities include
planning and executing the project, ensuring stakeholder engagement, communicating
effectively with all parties, ensuring effective governance and project management, and
monitoring and evaluating the project's performance. Effective collaboration and
communication among all stakeholders will be crucial to the project's success.

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PROJECT PERFORMANCE

Performance evaluation of the public transportation system is gaining substantial importance

and becoming a prerequisite to making the emerging urban life sustainable. Despite the
presence of public transportation since the 1960s, efforts had never been made to evaluate the
efficiency of the system in Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. This research was conducted
using performance measurement indicators that are detailed and indispensable in appraising
the socio-economic condition of Dhaka city to assess the existing condition and performance
of the public transportation system. Service and system efficiency, along with cost, utilization,
and network efficiency were measured from both passengers and operator’s perspective for the
evaluation process. The quality and the Level of Service found to be meager, which is the same
in the case of efficiency for the system, network, and cost. The exception was observed only
with the utilization of some system features. The single major cause related to every other
problem of the existing transportation situation in the city found to be the congestion in the
streets. However, the promising fact about the present system is the initiation of mass rapid
transit options and the preparation of separate policy for the public transportation system of
Dhaka.

The project performance for the MRT Line 5 in Dhaka, Bangladesh will be evaluated based on
several key factors. The timely completion of the project will be an important performance
indicator, as delays could lead to cost overruns and impact the project's overall viability.
Another critical performance factor will be the project's cost-effectiveness, as it is expected to
deliver reliable and efficient transportation at a reasonable cost. The safety of the MRT Line 5
will also be a key performance factor, as the project aims to provide a safe and comfortable
travel experience for passengers. The project's impact on reducing traffic congestion and
improving air quality in Dhaka will also be an important performance factor. Finally, the MRT
Line 5's ability to promote economic development in the city will also be an important
performance indicator. The successful completion of the project while meeting these key
performance indicators will be critical to ensuring that the MRT Line 5 in Dhaka, Bangladesh
is a success.

The project performance of the MRT Line 5 in Dhaka, Bangladesh will be evaluated based on
several key parameters.

1. Time: The timely completion of the project within the scheduled timeframe will be a
critical performance factor. Delays could lead to additional costs and may impact the
project's overall viability.

2. Cost: The cost of the project is another critical performance factor, as it is expected to
deliver reliable and efficient transportation at a reasonable cost. Cost overruns could
impact the project's financial sustainability.

3. Quality: The quality of the MRT Line 5's construction and service delivery will also
be a key performance factor. The project aims to provide a safe and comfortable travel
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 experience for passengers, and the quality of the system's infrastructure, rolling stock,
and services will be critical in achieving this objective.

4. Safety: Safety will be a critical performance factor for the MRT Line 5, as the project
aims to provide a safe mode of transportation for passengers. The system's safety record
and adherence to safety standards will be closely monitored.

5. Ridership: The number of passengers using the MRT Line 5 will also be a key
performance indicator. The project's success in attracting passengers will depend on
factors such as the system's reliability, frequency, and accessibility.

6. Impact: The MRT Line 5's impact on reducing traffic congestion and improving air
quality in Dhaka will be another critical performance factor. The project's ability to
promote economic development in the city will also be closely monitored.

The successful completion of the MRT Line 5 project while meeting these key performance
indicators will be critical to ensuring its success and long-term sustainability.

In Dhaka, Bangladesh, the MRT Line 5 project's success will be assessed based on a number
of factors, including its timely completion, cost-effectiveness, quality, safety, ridership, and
impact. The concept intends to offer passengers safe, effective, and affordable transportation.
The project must be finished on time and under budget in order to prevent cost overruns and
guarantee long-term financial viability. To ensure that passengers have a safe and relaxing trip,
the construction quality and service delivery will be closely watched. A crucial performance
measure will be the MRT Line 5's safety record and adherence to safety requirements.
Ridership of the system will be influenced by elements including its dependability, regularity,
and accessibility. The project's effects on traffic congestion, air pollution, and economic
development Monitoring of Dhaka's progress will also be done. The MRT Line 5 project's
success and long-term viability depend on meeting these key performance indicators.

First and foremost, the project's completion within the scheduled time and budget is crucial for
its overall success. The project management team must ensure that the construction work is
completed on time and within budget to minimize costs and avoid delays. Effective project
management strategies, including regular monitoring of the project's progress and timely
identification and resolution of issues, will be crucial to achieve this goal.

The quality of construction is another key performance indicator for the MRT Line 5 project.
The project management team must ensure that the construction work adheres to the highest
standards of quality to ensure the project's long-term durability, efficiency, and safety. Quality
control mechanisms, such as regular inspections, testing, and certifications, will be critical in
ensuring that the construction work meets the necessary quality standards.

The safety of passengers and workers during the project's construction and operation is also a
critical performance indicator. The project management team must implement rigorous safety
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protocols and standards, including risk assessments, safety training, and adequate protective
equipment and measures, to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries.

The MRT Line 5 project must also have a positive impact on local communities and the
environment. The project's alignment may require land acquisition, and some residents may be
displaced from their homes or businesses. The project management team must engage with
local communities, address their concerns, and provide adequate compensation and support to
mitigate the impact of the project. Additionally, the project must adhere to environmental
standards, including noise pollution control and waste management, to minimize its
environmental impact.

Finally, the project's overall impact on Dhaka's transportation system and the local economy is
also a crucial performance indicator. The MRT Line 5 project aims to provide a reliable, safe,
and affordable mode of transportation, which will have a positive impact on the city's
transportation system and reduce traffic congestion. The project will also create job
opportunities and stimulate economic growth in the local area.

In conclusion, the project performance for the MRT Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh, will
be measured by several key indicators, including timely completion and adherence to budget,
quality of construction, safety standards, impact on local communities and the environment,
and overall impact on the city's transportation system and the local economy. Effective project
management, quality control, safety protocols, stakeholder engagement, and adherence to
environmental and regulatory standards will be crucial to achieving the project's objectives and
ensuring its long-term success.

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CONSTRAINS

Based on the past experiences, lessons learned and findings, the WB has developed the "Gender
Strategy (FY 2016-2023 FY)”. In order for the WB to achieve eradication of extreme poverty
and promotion of coexistence for sustainable development, gender equity plays a core role.
The WB Gender Strategy focuses on four objectives: 1. Improving human endowments; 2.
Removing constraints for more and better jobs; 3. Removing barriers to women’s ownership
of, and control over assets; and 4. Enhancing women’s voice and agency, and engaging men
and boys.

On the other hand, in line with the "Environmental and Social Framework" approved in August
2016, the said framework will be applied to all projects which to be commenced from 2018.
The framework will be used to protect people and the environment related to the project. In
order to clarify the environmental and social risks and impacts related to the projects. as the
condition of the loan, 10 standards are set out including the followings; assessment and
management of environmental and social risks as well as impacts, labor and working
conditions, involvement of stakeholders and disclosure of information.

The MRT Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is a large-scale transportation infrastructure

project that is expected to bring significant benefits to the city's transport system. However, the
project also faces several constraints that could impact its successful implementation.

One of the key constraints facing the project is the technical challenge of acquiring the
necessary land and constructing the infrastructure needed for the project. The MRT Line 5
alignment passes through densely populated areas of the city, which may pose challenges in
acquiring the required land and managing the construction activities in these areas. The
construction of the elevated viaducts, stations, and other infrastructure components may also
require significant technical expertise and pose logistical challenges.

Another significant constraint is the project's financial requirements. The MRT Line 5 project
is expected to require a significant amount of funding to complete, and the cost of the project
may increase due to unforeseen circumstances, such as changes in the scope of the project or
inflation. Managing the project's budget and avoiding cost overruns will be critical to its
financial sustainability.

The project also faces social constraints, such as addressing the concerns of the local
communities along the project's route. The project's alignment may require the acquisition of
land or displacement of residents, which can create social tensions and may require significant
compensation for affected individuals. There is also a need to address the potential
environmental impact of the project, such as air pollution and noise pollution caused by the
construction and operation of the MRT Line 5.

Finally, the project also faces regulatory and governance constraints, such as obtaining the
necessary permits and approvals from the government and ensuring effective governance and

15 | P a g e
project management. The project must comply with local regulations and ensure that it adheres
to the best practices in project management and governance to ensure successful
implementation.

Addressing these constraints will be essential to the successful implementation of the MRT
Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The project's stakeholders must work together to find
innovative solutions to address the constraints and ensure that the project's benefits are
maximized while minimizing the potential negative impacts. With 35% of the feasibility study
completed for the MRT-5, concern has risen about the available space and what to do with the
excavated soil.

The dual mode -- underground and elevated -- route alignment is Gabtoli-Asadgate-Russel

Square-Karwan Bazar-Hatirjeel (west)-Tejgaon-Niketon-Aftab Nagar-Dasherkandi-Balirpar.
The route will have 16 stations (4 elevated and 12 underground). The problem areas on the
route are Russel Square and the Bangladesh Film Development Corporation (BFDC) area.
There are also some issues with the Gabtoli Station.

"There is very little space at Russel Square point to turn the rail towards Karwan Bazar. It
would need a 90-degree turn due to the space constraint,"said MRT-5 Project Director Brig
Gen Md Abdul Wohab, adding that a 90-degree turn was impossible for a train, which needs a
minimum of 136 degrees.

Speaking at a programme titled "Presentation on alignment of MRT line-5: southern route by

ESO consortium" held in the capital on Monday, he also said the elevated expressway at the
BFDC point was another problem area. The PD added that the MRT-5 station at Gabtoli may
have to be relocated as the MRT-2 station was being built there.

However, Wohab expressed optimism that the technical team was working on the issues and
those would be resolved. Among the total 17.40km of dual mode MRT-5, 12.80km will be
underground while 4.60km will be elevated. For the underground part, a tunnel boring machine
will be used to excavate the tunnels. The excavation will produce a large amount of soil,
carrying and dumping which will be another challenge. "We are talking with several parties
and government bodies...if they need soil to fill any lowland."

In the programme, Secretary for Roads and Highway Division Md Nazrul Islam said the MRT-
5 was the government's priority and fast track project. It was also a complicated project.
Managing Director of Dhaka Mass Transit Company MAN Siddique said, all preparations were
being taken to complete the project by 2030.

Earlier, in March 29 this year, a deal was inked between Egis Rail SA (lead partner) and Dhaka
Mass Transit Company Limited (DMTCL) for technical assistance like feasibility study,
detailed design and tender assistance for MRT-5 by June 30, 2023.

16 | P a g e
In the nine months, the consultancy firm has completed 35% of the feasibility study and made
29% progress in basic design. The technical assistance project cost is Tk408.42 crore, of which
Tk281.04 crore will be funded by Asian Development Bank and the rest Tk127.38 crore will
come from the government.

Apart from this, work is underway for MRT-5-Northern Route (Hemayetpur to Vatara). The
feasibility study and the basic design have already been completed, while the authority has
made 20.86% progress in the detailed design for the 20km long dual mode route. Meanwhile,
work on the first phase of MRT-6 (Uttara to Agargaon) is nearly complete and the government
is set to inaugurate it this December.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the MRT Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh is a critical project that aims to
provide reliable and efficient transportation to passengers. The project has the potential to
transform the city's transport system and provide significant economic, social, and
environmental benefits. However, the project also faces several constraints, including
technical, financial, social, and regulatory constraints. These constraints must be addressed to
ensure the project's successful implementation and long-term sustainability.

The MRT Line 5's key deliverables include improving transportation accessibility, reducing
traffic congestion, promoting economic development, and providing a safe and comfortable
travel experience for passengers. The key stakeholders involved in the project include the
government, the project management team, local communities, and passengers. The project's
performance will be evaluated based on various parameters, such as timely completion, cost-
effectiveness, quality, safety, ridership, and impact.

Overall, the successful implementation of the MRT Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh will
require effective project management, innovative solutions to address constraints, and
collaboration among all stakeholders involved in the project. The project has the potential to
transform the city's transportation system and provide significant benefits to the people of
Dhaka, making it an essential project for the city's future development.

The MRT Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is a significant transportation infrastructure

project that has the potential to bring significant benefits to the city. However, the project is
also subject to various constraints that must be addressed to ensure its successful
implementation. The project's key deliverables include providing a reliable and efficient mode
of transportation to the passengers, reducing traffic congestion in the city, promoting economic
development, and providing a safe and comfortable travel experience for passengers.

To achieve these objectives, the project faces various technical challenges. For instance, the
construction of elevated viaducts, stations, and other infrastructure components requires

17 | P a g e
significant technical expertise and poses logistical challenges. Furthermore, the project's
alignment passes through densely populated areas of the city, which could pose challenges in
acquiring the required land and managing construction activities in these areas.

Financial requirements also pose a significant constraint for the MRT Line 5 project. The
project is expected to require a significant amount of funding, and the cost of the project may
increase due to unforeseen circumstances, such as changes in the scope of the project or
inflation. To ensure the project's financial sustainability, the project stakeholders must manage
the project's budget carefully and avoid cost overruns.

The MRT Line 5 project also faces social constraints that must be addressed to ensure its
successful implementation. These constraints include addressing the concerns of the local
communities along the project's route. The project's alignment may require the acquisition of
land or displacement of residents, which can create social tensions and may require significant
compensation for affected individuals. There is also a need to address the potential
environmental impact of the project, such as air pollution and noise pollution caused by the
construction and operation of the MRT Line 5.

Figure 4: Route Map of MRT Line 5

18 | P a g e
Finally, the project also faces regulatory and governance constraints. These include obtaining
the necessary permits and approvals from the government and ensuring effective governance
and project management. The project must comply with local regulations and ensure that it
adheres to the best practices in project management and governance to ensure successful
implementation.

Addressing these constraints will be essential to the successful implementation of the MRT
Line 5 project in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The project's stakeholders must work together to find
innovative solutions to address the constraints and ensure that the project's benefits are
maximized while minimizing the potential negative impacts.

The key stakeholders involved in the project include the government, the project management
team, local communities, and passengers. The stakeholders' roles and responsibilities include
planning and executing the project, ensuring stakeholder engagement, communicating
effectively with all parties, ensuring effective governance and project management, and
monitoring and evaluating the project's performance.

In conclusion, the MRT Line 5 project is a critical project that has the potential to transform
Dhaka's transport system and provide significant economic, social, and environmental benefits.
The project's successful implementation requires effective project management, innovative
solutions to address constraints, and collaboration among all stakeholders involved in the
project. The project's performance will be evaluated based on various parameters, such as
timely completion, cost-effectiveness, quality, safety, ridership, and impact. The project's
success will depend on the project stakeholders' ability to address the challenges and constraints
while maximizing the project's benefits.

19 | P a g e
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