Ch-2: Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Books:
▪ Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning by Wilbert F. Stoecker / Jerold W. Jones
▪ PRINCIPLES of REFRIGERATION by ROY J. DOSSAT.
▪ HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS Design for Efficiency, by JAN F. KREIDER,
PETER S. CURTISS, ARI RABL
▪ Refrigeration Systems and Applications, 3rd Ed. By Ibrahim Dincer

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 1

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

The Carnot Cycle

▪ Ideal thermodynamically Reversible Cycle, first investigated by Sadi Carnot in 1824
▪ A measure of the Maximum Possible Conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy
Heat from high T2=T3
2 3

Temperature
temperature source

2 3
T1=T4 4
1

Work Turbine Work SA SB

Compressor
Entropy

1 4
Process 1-2: Adiabatic Compression
Cool Liquid
Process 2-3: isothermal addition of heat
Heat rejected to low Process 3-4: adiabatic expansion
temperature sink
Process 4-1: isothermal rejection of heat

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 2

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Reversed Carnot Cycle (i.e. Carnot Cycle for Refrigeration Cycle)

▪ A measure of the maximum performance to be obtained from a Refrigerating Machine
Heat to high
temperature source

3 2 3 2

Temperature
Net Work
Compressor
4 1
Work Turbine

Entropy
4 1
Cool Liquid
1-2: Adiabatic compression
Heat from low 2-3: Isothermal heat rejection
temperature sink
3-4: Adiabatic expansion
4-1: Isothermal addition of heat or
isothermal expansion
Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 3
 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Reversed Carnot Cycle (i.e. Carnot Cycle for Refrigeration Cycle)

▪ Heat absorbed from the low temperature source in process 4-1 is
the Refrigeration Step
3 2
▪ Carnot Cycle:

Temperature
o A standard of comparison, Net Work

o A convenient guide to the temperatures that should be

maintained to achieve maximum effectiveness 4 1

3 2
Entropy

1-2: Adiabatic compression

2-3: Isothermal heat rejection
3-4: Adiabatic expansion
4-1: Isothermal addition of heat or
4 1 isothermal expansion

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 4

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Coefficient of Performance (COP)

▪ Ratio of out put to input would be misleading for a refrigeration
system as the o/p in process 2-3 is usually wasted

𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕

𝑪𝑶𝑷 =
𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆

𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒐𝒓𝒃𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆

=
𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒓
𝑼𝒔𝒆𝒇𝒖𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 3 2
=
𝑵𝒆𝒕 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 1-2: Adiabatic compression
2-3: Isothermal heat rejection
3-4: Adiabatic expansion
4-1: Isothermal addition of heat or
isothermal expansion
4

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 5

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Conditions for Highest Coefficient of Performance

▪ Useful Refrigeration is the heat transferred in process 4-1, or the area

beneath the line 4-1

▪ Area underline 2-3 represents the Heat Rejected from the cycle

▪ Area enclosed in rectangle 1-2-3-4 represents the Net Work

▪ Work done = Heat Rejected – Heat Supplied

= T2 (S2 – S3) – T1 (S1 – S4) 3 2

= (T2 – T1) (S1 – S4) = Area of rectangle

𝑻𝟏 𝑺𝟏 − 𝑺𝟒 𝑻𝟏
𝑪𝑶𝑷 = =
𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 𝑺𝟏 − 𝑺𝟒 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏
4 1

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 6

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Coefficient of Performance (COP)

𝑻𝟏 𝑺𝟏 − 𝑺𝟒 𝑻𝟏
𝑪𝑶𝑷 = = TH
𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 𝑺𝟏 − 𝑺𝟒 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 3 2

Temperature
COP indicates that a given amount of refrigeration requires
Net Work
only a small amount of work
▪ COP of the Reversed Carnot Cycle is entirely a function of the 4
TL
1

temperature limits and can vary from zero to infinity Refrigeration

▪ To obtain maximum possible COP

o Cold body temperature T1 (or TL ) Entropy (S)

KJ / Kg.K
3 2 should be as high as possible
o Hot body temperature T2 (or TH ) should 1-2: Adiabatic compression
be as low as possible
2-3: Isothermal heat rejection
3-4: Adiabatic expansion
4-1: Isothermal addition of heat
4 1 or isothermal expansion

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 7

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
Coefficient of Performance (COP)
The COP of a Carnot Refrigeration Cycle can be increased by
either (i) increasing TL or (ii) decreasing TH.

COP of a reversible refrigerator as a

function of TL. TH = 298 K

3 2

4 1

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB

COP of a reversible refrigerator as
8
a
function of TH. TL = 273 K
 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Temperature Limitations
T Δt

▪ All refrigeration works against certain temperature limitations

30 oC = 303 K
3 2
Atmosphere

o Cold room to be maintained at -20 oC or 253 K

o Reject heat to the atmosphere at 30 oC or 303 K -20 oC = 253 K
4
Cold Room
1
Δt
▪ During Heat Rejection Process, refrigerant temperature must be
higher than 303 K
S

▪ During the Refrigeration Process, refrigerant 3 2

temperature must be lower than 253 K

Q. Do we have the control over the temperature?

4 1

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 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Temperature Limitations T Δt
3 2

▪ we can keep the ΔT as small as possible

Atmosphere

▪ Reduction of ΔT can be accomplished by increasing A or U in the heat 4

Cold Room
1
exchange equation: Δt

Q = U A ΔT U = Overall heat transfer coefficient, W/m2 K

S
A = heat transfer area, m2
ΔT = temperature change, K 2
3

▪ To decrease ΔT to zero, either U or A would have to be infinite

▪ Infinite values of U and A would also require an infinite cost
▪ The usual temperature difference between the refrigerant flowing in the
evaporator and the space to be cooled, known as the evaporator approach
temperature, typically ranges from 8°C to 12°C. 4 1

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 10

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Carnot Heat Pump

Refrigeration cycle absorbs heat at a low temperature

▪ Heat Pump → Refrigeration system operates for the

purpose of delivering heat at a high level of temperature

Heat Pump rejects heat at a high temperature

in winter, heat exchanger outside the house

functions as an evaporator, absorbing low-
temperature heat from the environment

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 11

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Carnot Heat Pump

Switching the heat pump from cooling to

heating mode is achieved simply by
switching the direction of the refrigerant flow

This is accomplished by reversing the flow of

refrigerant through a device found in heat
pumps known as a Reversing Valve → This
valve is automatically controlled through the
thermostat when switched to heat.

Cooling Capillary

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 12

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Carnot Heat Pump T

▪ Performance Factor (COP)HP,rev 3 2
Net
Work
4 Heat
1
𝑻𝟐 𝑺𝟏 − 𝑺𝟒 𝑻𝟐 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 Rejected
= = =
𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 𝑺𝟏 − 𝑺𝟒 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 𝑵𝒆𝒕 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌
▪ COP of the Refrigeration Cycle with the same temperatures would be: S
T1 / (T2 - T1) = TL / (TH - TL)

3 2
(COP)HP,rev = 𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏
= − +𝟏
𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏
Performance
Factor 𝑻𝟏
= + 𝟏 = 𝑪𝑶𝑷
(COP)+ R,rev
𝟏 +1
𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏

4 1

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 13

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Example Carnot Refrigerator / Heat Pump

Carnot refrigeration cycle absorbs heat at 270 K and rejects heat at 300 K.
(a) Calculate the coefficient of performance of this refrigeration cycle.
(b) If the cycle is absorbing 1130 kJ/min at 270 K, how many kJ of work is
required per second.
(c) If the Carnot heat pump operates between the same temperatures as the
above refrigeration cycle, what is the coefficient of performance.
(d) How many kJ/min will the heat pump deliver at 300 K if it absorbs 1130
kJ/min at 270 K.

3 2

4 1

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 14

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
Example
The capacity of a refrigerator is 200 TR when working between – 6 °C and 25 oC.
(a) Determine the mass of ice produced per day from water at 25°C.
(b) Also find the power required to drive the unit. Assume that the cycle operates
on reversed Carnot cycle and latent heat of ice is 335 kJ/kg.

(a)

3 2

4 1

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 15

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
Example
The capacity of a refrigerator is 200 TR when working between – 6 °C and 25 oC.
(a) Determine the mass of ice produced per day from water at 25°C.
(b) Also find the power required to drive the unit. Assume that the cycle
operates on reversed Carnot cycle and latent heat of ice is 335 kJ/kg.

(a)

(b)
3 2

4 1

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 16

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Carnot Refrigeration Cycle for Vapor as Refrigerant

▪ If vapor/gas such as air is used as the refrigerant, cycle would differ from the
familiar rectangle of the Carnot cycle.
x
▪ Cycle differs from the Carnot cycle by the addition of areas 2
x and y 3 Atmosphere
T

▪ Effect of area x is to increase the work required, which

decreases the COP
Cold Room
1
▪ Effect of area y is to increase the work required and in 4 y
addition reduce the amount of refrigeration
S
▪ Both these effects of areas x and y reduce the COP

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 17

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle 2
3

Revision of the Carnot Cycle

Wet Compression versus Dry Compression

▪ The Compression process 1-2 is called Wet Compression

4 1

▪ With a reciprocating compressor, the wet compressor is not

suitable
T

o liquid refrigerant may be trapped in the head of the cylinder by 3 2 Atmosphere

the rising piston and may damage the compression valves and
the cylinder itself Cold Room
4 1
Saturated
Vapor
o Another possible danger of wet compression is that the Saturated
droplets of liquid may wash the lubricating oil from the valve of Liquid

the cylinder thus increasing wear

S

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 18

 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Revision of the Carnot Cycle

Wet Compression versus Dry Compression – contd. --

▪ If the refrigerant entering the compressor is saturated vapor as T

2
Super Heated
point 1, the compression from point 1-2 is called Dry 3
Horn
Compression

▪ Compression of a dry vapor results in a temperature at point 2

which is higher than the condensing temperature. 4 1

▪ Area of that part of the cycle which is above the condensing

temperature is called the Super Heated Horn
S

▪ Super Heated Horn represents additional work required by dry compression

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 19

 Vapor Compression cycle

Revision of the Carnot Cycle

Expansion Process

▪ Carnot cycle demands that the expansion 3-4 takes place Isentropically
and that the resulting work be used to help drive the compressor

▪ Expansion Engine is not found suitable

o Work derived from the expansion engine is a small fraction of that 2

to be supplied to the compressor T
3
o Difficulties such as lubrication intrude when a fluid of two phases
drives the engine
1
o Economics of the Power Recovery has not justified the cost of the 4
expansion process

S
Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 20
 Vapor Compression cycle

Revision of the Carnot Cycle

Expansion Process
2
T
▪ Throttling Device such as a valve or other restrictions is
3
almost universally used for this purpose

1
4

S
▪ No change in Potential and Kinetic Energy and with no transfer
of heat, → constant enthalpy process i.e. h3 = h4 i.e. process is
Isenthalpic
▪ Constant enthalpy throttling process is Irreversible and during the process, Entropy increases

o Friction is one of the biggest reasons for any process to be Irreversible

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 21
 Vapor Compression cycle

Simple/Standard Vapor Compression System

▪ In practical applications, Vapor-compression Refrigeration Systems are the most commonly used
refrigeration systems, and each system employs a compressor.

1-2: reversible and adiabatic compression from saturated vapor to the condenser pressure.
2-3: isobaric heat rejection, de-superheating, and condensation.
3-4: Irreversible expansion at constant enthalpy from saturated liquid to the evaporator pressure.
4-1: isobaric heat addition n evaporation to saturated vapor.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 22

 Vapor Compression Cycle

Simple Standard Vapor Compression Cycle

▪ A Theoretical Cycle with following assumptions:
o Refrigerant vapor leaves the evaporator and
enters compressor as saturated vapor at Te and Pe
o Liquid leaves the condenser and enters
expansion valve as saturated liquid Tc and Pc
o Actual refrigeration cycle will deviate from
standard one

Tc

Te

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 23

 Vapor Compression cycle

Simple/Standard Vapor Compression System

Essential components of a simple vapor-compression refrigeration system, as explained earlier ,are as
follows: 8
1- Evaporator
▪ to produce a heat transfer surface through which
heat can pass from the refrigerant space into the 7
vaporizing refrigerant 1

2- Suction Line
2 4
▪ Tube carries the low-pressure vapor from the evaporator to
the suction inlet of the compressor → In this line, the 5
refrigerant is superheated gas.
3 6
3- Compressor
▪ To draw refrigerant vapor from the evaporator to keep the
evaporator’s boiling point low and then raise its temperature and
pressure to such a point so that it may be easily condensed with
commonly available condensing media
Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 24
 Vapor Compression cycle

Simple/Standard Vapor Compression System

4- Discharge Line or Hot Gas Line
▪ delivers the high temperature, high pressure vapor 8
from the discharge of the compressor to the
condenser

5- Condenser 7
1
▪ to provide a heat transfer surface through which
heat passes from the hot refrigerant vapor to the
condensing medium, which is either air or water 2 4

▪ Energy rejected by the Condenser comprises the heat 5

energy removed by each kilogram of refrigerant
6
passing through the Evaporator and the heat energy 3
added to each kilogram of refrigerant passing
through the Compressor

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 25

 Vapor Compression cycle

Simple/Standard Vapor Compression System

6- Receiver Tank
▪ Reservoir which stores the liquid refrigerant coming 8
from the condenser and supplies it to the evaporator
according to the requirement

7- Liquid Line 7
▪ carries the liquid refrigerant from the receiver tank 1
to the refrigerant flow control valve
2 4
8- Refrigerant Flow Control or Expansion Valve
5
▪ to supply a proper amount of refrigerant to the
6
evaporator after reducing its pressure considerably 3
so that the refrigerant may take sufficient amount of
heat from the refrigerant space during evaporation

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 26

 Vapor Compression cycle

Introduction to PH-Charts

▪ The properties of the refrigerants can be listed in tables, or they can be shown on a graph
▪ Most useful and commonly used in refrigeration work is called the Pressure Enthalpy (P-h) or Mollier
Diagram
▪ Condition of the refrigerant in any thermodynamic state can
be represented as a point in the P-h chart that represents
the condition of the refrigerant in any one particular
thermodynamic state

▪ Once the state point has been located on the chart,

other properties of the refrigerant for that state can be
determined directly from the chart

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 27

 Vapor Compression cycle

Introduction to PH-Charts
Property Lines on the Pressure – Enthalpy Diagram

Saturated Liquid
Curve

P Iso-Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Curve

Line

Iso-Entropy Line

Iso-Pressure
Line
Iso-Specific
Iso-Thermal
Volume Line
Line

Iso-Quality Line

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 28

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 29
 Vapor Compression cycle

Performance of Standard Vapor Compression Cycle

3 Condenser 2
P
(kPa) Condensation
3 2

Expansion
Expansion
Valve Compressor
Evaporation
4 1
4
Evaporator
1
h, kJ/kg

▪ With the help of ph-diagram, significant quantities of the Vapor Compression Cycle can be determined:

o Work of compression o COP

o Heat rejection rate o Volume flow rate per KW of refrigeration

o Refrigeration effect

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 30

 Vapor Compression cycle

Performance of Standard Vapor Compression Cycle

Work of Compression

▪ Change in enthalpy in process 1-2 P

(kPa)
KJ/kg 3 Condensation
W = ( h 1 - h2 ) 2

Expansion
▪ Knowledge of the work of compression is important
▪ → this term may be one of the largest operating costs
of the system Evaporation
4
1

Heat Rejection
h, kJ/kg
▪ Change in enthalpy in process 2-3, → ( h3 - h2 ) → KJ/kg
▪ This Heat Rejection Value is used in sizing the condenser and calculating
the required flow quantities of the condenser cooling fluid

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 31

 Vapor Compression cycle

Performance of Standard Vapor Compression Cycle

Refrigerating Effect
▪ Change in enthalpy in process 4-1
P
( h1 – h4 ) → KJ/kg (kPa) Condensation
3
▪ Knowledge of the magnitude of this term is necessary
2

Expansion
because performing this process is the ultimate
purpose of the entire system
Evaporation
COP 4
𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟒 1
𝑪𝑶𝑷 =
𝒉𝟐 − 𝒉𝟏
h, kJ/kg
▪ Volume flow rate per kW is usually expressed in cubic
meter per second per kW (m3/[Link]).
▪ Volume Flow Rate is rough indication of the physical size of the compressor → Greater the value of the
term, greater must be the displacement of the compressor in m3/sec
▪ An Efficient Refrigeration System has a low value of power per kW, but a high COP
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 Vapor Compression cycle

Performance of Standard Vapor Compression Cycle

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 Vapor Compression cycle

Example
A standard vapor-compression cycle developing 50 Kw of refrigeration using Refrigerant 22 operates with
a condensing temperature of 35 OC and an evaporating temperature of -10 OC. Calculate :
(a) the refrigerating effect in Kj/kg,
(b) the circulation rate of refrigerant in kg/s,
(c) the power required by the compressor in kW,
(d) the COP,
(e) the volume flow rate measured at the compressor suction,
(f) the power per kW of refrigeration
(g) the compressor discharge temperature

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 Vapor Compression cycle

Example

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Vapor Compression cycle

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 Vapor Compression Cycle

PH-Diagram of superheated R-22 Vapor

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Vapor Compression Cycle

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 Vapor Compression Cycle

Example
In the vapor compression cycle a throttling device is used almost universally to reduce the pressure of the liquid
refrigerant.
(a) Determine the percent saving in net work of the cycle per kg of refrigerant if an expansion engine could be used to
expand saturated liquid Refrigerant 22 isentropically from 35 oC to the evaporator temperature of 0 oC . Assume
that compression is isentropic from saturated vapor at 0 oC to a condenser pressure corresponding to 35 oC.
(b) Calculate the increase in refrigerating effect in kJ/kg resulting from use of the expansion engine.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 39

 Vapor Compression Cycle

Example

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 Vapor Compression Cycle

Example

This work will derive the compressor so network input to refrigeration machine = W1-2
–W3-4’ = 24.64 – 3.274 = 21.366
Percentage saving in work of compressor = 3.274 / 24.64 = 13.2 %
(b)

= (h1 –h4’) - (h1 –h4 )

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 41

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 42
Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 43
 Vapor Compression cycle

Heat Exchangers 3 Condenser 2

▪ Some refrigeration systems use a liquid-to-suction heat

1
exchanger, which subcools the liquid from the condenser Compressor
with suction vapor coming from the evaporator Heat
Exchanger

▪ Saturated liquid at point 3 coming from the condenser is 4

5
Evaporator
cooled to point 4 by means of vapor at point 6 being heated 6
to point 1.

▪ Heat exchanger sub-cools the liquid from the condenser with P Sub Cooling
suction vapor coming from the evaporator
4 3 Condensation
2

Expansion
h3 – h4 = h1 – h6

Evaporation
5 5/ 6 1
Super Heating
Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 44
h
 Vapor Compression cycle

Heat Exchangers
▪ System using the heat exchanger may seem to have obvious
advantages because of the increased refrigeration effect

▪ Both Refrigeration Capacity and COP to be improved

This is not necessarily true.

▪ Compression is pushed further out into the superheat

region, where work of compression in KJ/kg is greater P Sub Cooling
than, it is closed to the saturated vapor line
4 3 Condensation
▪ Heat Exchanger is justified, where the vapor entering the
2

Expansion
compressor must be superheated to ensure that no liquid
enters the compressor

▪ Heat Exchanger subcools the liquid from the condenser

Evaporation
to prevent bubbles of vapor from impeding the flow of 5 5/ 6 1
refrigerant through the expansion valve Super Heating

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB h 45

 Vapor Compression cycle

Actual Vapor Compression Cycle

▪ Difference b/w actual and Standard cycle can be shown by superimposing the actual cycle on the Ph-
diagram of the standard cycle

▪ Essential Differences between the actual and

the standard cycle appear: P Sub Cooling Pressure Drop Actual Cycle

2
o In the pressure drops in the condenser and 3
evaporator
Standard Cycle
o In the sub cooling of the liquid leaving the
condenser
o in the superheating of the vapor leaving the 4
1
evaporator
Pressure Drop Super Heating

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 46

 Vapor Compression cycle

Example
A REFRIGERANT 22 vapor compression system includes a liquid-to-suction heat exchanger. The heat
exchanger warms saturated vapor coming from the evaporator from -10 to 5 C with liquid which comes from
the condenser at 30 C. The compressions are isentropic in both cases listed below.
(a) Calculate the system’s coefficient of performance without the heat exchanger but with the condensing
temperature at 30 C and an evaporating temperature of -10 C.
(b) Calculate the system's coefficient of performance with the heat exchanger.
(c) If the compressor is capable of pumping 12.0 L/s measured at the compressor suction, what is the
refrigeration capacity of the system without the heat exchanger?
(d) With the same compressor capacity as in (c), what is the refrigerating capacity of the system with
the heat exchanger?
(a)

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 Vapor Compression cycle

Example

(b)

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 Vapor Compression cycle

Example

(c)

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 Vapor Compression cycle

Example Actual Vapor Compression Cycle

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 Vapor Compression cycle

Example Actual Vapor Compression Cycle

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Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 52
Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 53
 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Practice Problems:
Book: Stoecker and Jones 5th Ed., Chapter 10
▪Example: 10.1
▪Problems: 10.1 to 10.7
Book: Refrigeration Systems and Applications, 3rd Ed. By Ibrahim Dincer
▪Example: 1.5, 1.6
Book: Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach by Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles 8th Ed.
▪Problems: 11-17, 11-18, 11-42, 11-43, 11-45
▪All other problems which are included in notes and solved in the class

Mechanical Engineering Dept. UoB 54