MEASUREMENT

PERIMETER

The circumference of ANY 2-dimensional shape is all the lengths of the sides of the shape,
added together. So that's the distance all around.
Unit: mm; Cm; m; Km
It is calculated by adding together the lengths of the sides of a shape.
Make sure that all dimensions are in the same unit , otherwise redirect all units to the units
required by the question first, before doing your calculations.

CIRCUMFERENTIAL RECTANGLE CIRCUMFERENTIAL SQUARE

Properties Properties
Opposite sides of equal length All the sides the same length
Angles where sides meet are 90° Angles where sides meet are 90°
Length is the longest side

Circumference(P) in cm = (2 x l) + (2 x w) Circumference(P) = 4 x side

= 2l + 2b =4x5
= 2(l + b) = 20 cm
= 2(5 + 2)
= 14 cm

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 CIRCUMFERENTIAL TRIANGLES
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
= 32 + 52
= 34
AC = 5.83 cm

Circumference(P) = side1 + side2 + side3

= 3 + 5 + 5.83
= 13.83 cm

PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
Calculation of unknown side if two sides
are given.
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AB2 = AC2 – BC2
BC2 = AC2 – AB2
CIRCUMFERENCE OF CIRCLES
Diameter:
The diameter of a circle runs through the center
of a circle and touches both sides of the circle
The diameter can also be seen as 2 times the
radius.
d = 2r
Radius:
The radius is equal to half the diameter of a
circle
r = 1/2 d

Circumference = π x diameter
π = 3.142 = 3.142 x 3
= 9.426 cm
Circumference(C) = 2 x π x radius
= 2 x 3.142 x 1.5
= 9.426 cm

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 EXAMPLES - OUTLINE

First, determine missing values. 1/2 circle = π x diameter

A = 4 + 3 = 7 cm = 3.142 x 5
W = 6 – 2 = 4 cm = 15.71 ÷ 2
Circumference = 6 + 4 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 7 = 7.86 m
= 26 cm Oblique2 = 52 + 52
= 50
Skuissy = √ 50
= 7.07 m
Circumference = 7.86 + 5 + 7.07 + 5 + 5
= 29.93 m

AREA

The area enclosed by the boundary lengths of a two-dimensional figure.

Units: mm2; cm2; m2; km2
Make sure that all dimensions are in the same unit , otherwise redirect all units to the units
required by the question first, before doing your calculations.

FORM FORMULA FORM FORMULA

SQUARE CIRCLE
Up = π x r2
Up = l x b / sy2

RECTANGL CONE
E
Up = l x b OPP = [π x (radius)2] + [π x r x length]

TRIANGLE Opp = 1/2 b x

Ʇheight

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SAMPLE SURFACE
Triangle:
Base = 16 – 8 = 8 cm
Height = 13 – 7 = 6 cm
Area = opp triangle + opp rectangle
= (1/2 x 8 x 6) + (16 x 7)
= 24 + 112
= 136 cm2

TOTAL OUTDOOR AREA (TBO)

FORM FORMULA
RECTANGULAR PRISM
TBO = (2 x l x w)+(2 x l x h)+(2 x w x h)

CUBE

TBO = (2 x l x w)+(2 x l x h)+(2 x w x h)

TRIANGULAR PRISM
TBO = 3(l x w) + 2(1/2 x w x Ʇh)

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 CYLINDER
TBO = [2 x π x (radius)2] + [2 x π x radius x height]

CONE

TBO = πr2 + πr x length

EXAMPLES

RECTANGLE

TBO = (2 x l x w)+(2 x l x h)+(2 x w x h)

= (2 x 8 x 5) +(2 x 8 x 4) + (2 x 5 x 4)
= 80 + 64 + 40
= 184 cm2

CYLINDER

TBO = [2 x π x (r)2] + [2 x π x r x h]
= [2 x 3.142 x 1.752] + [2 x 3.142 x 1.75 x 10]
= 0.86975 + 109.97
= 110.84 m2

TRIANGLE

TBO = 3(oppv of rectangle) + 2(oppv of triangle)

= 3(l x w) + 2(1/2 x w x Ʇh)
= 3(10 x 20) + 2(1/2 x 10 x 5)
= 600 + 50
= 650 cm2

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 CONE

TBO = πr2 + πr x length

= 3.142(4)2 + 3.142(4)(9)
= 163.384 cm2

VOLUME OR CAPACITY

The three-dimensional space inside an object.

Units:
Liquids: ml, l or kl
Solids: mm3; cm3; m3; km3

FORM FORMULA FORM FORMULA

CUBE CYLINDER

V = π x (radius)2 x height
V = s3

RECTANGLE CIRCLE
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V=πr
V=lxwxh 3

TRIANGLE CONE

1
1 V= πr 2h
V = s 2h 3
3

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TRIANGULAR PRISM

V = (1/2b x h) x
h

EXAMPLES

V=lxwxh
=7x8x5
= 280 cm3

V = s3
= 73
= 343 cm3

V = (1/2 b x Ʇheight) x length

= 1/2(5)(8)(10)
= 200 cm

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V = s 2h
3
1
= (6) 2(5)
3
= 60 m3

4
V=πr 3
3
43
= (3,142)(22)
3
= 44 608.02 cm3

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 V = π x (radius)2 x height
= (3,142)(5)2(12)
= 942.5 cm3

EXAM QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1 (NW Sept 2024)

1.1 The ABC company has been awarded a tender to manufacture road signs of TYPE 1 and
TYPE 2 as indicated below.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 Select the correct formula from the list below, to calculate the circumference
of a TYPE 1 road sign.

A P = 2(l+w)

B P = 1/2(w×h)

C P = she × she × she

D P = she + she + she

1.1.2 Trace the length of each side of the TYPE 1 road sign to meters.

1.1.3 Calculate the diameter of the TYPE 2 road sign.

1.2 Abel wants to build a brick patio in his backyard. The patio will be paved and fenced. He
will also build a round 12-inch-high fire pit, built with brick, in one of the corners of the
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 patio. The diameter of the fire pit is 91.44 cm.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.2.1 Calculate the total length of the fence required to span the patio.

1.2.2 The height of the fire pit is 30.48 cm.

Calculates, in cm2, the lateral area of the fire pit

Lateral area = 2 × 3.142 × radius × height

Make use of the following formula:

1.2.3 Proof, all calculations show, that the area of the patio is approximately
20 m2 will be.
Make use of the following formulas:
Area of a rectangle = length × width

Area of a triangle = 1/2 × b × h

Area of a circle = 3.142 × radius2

1.3 The bricks that will be used to pave the patio (area 20 m2) have the following
dimensions:
length = 0.215 m, width = 0.1025 m and height = 6.5 cm
A brick weighs 3,276 kg.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.3.1 Calculate the number of bricks required to pave the patio, not including the fire
pit.
You can use the following formula:
Area = length × width

1.3.2 Convert the weight of all the bricks you're going to use to tonne-measure.
USE: 1 kg = 0.001 tons.

1.4 TABLE 2 below shows the relationship between the number of workers Abel wants to
hire and the time it will take to build the patio.

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 TABLE 2: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUMBER OF WORKERS AND DURATION OF
JOB DONE

Number of 1 2 3 B 5
Workers
Duration in days 60 A 20 15 12

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.4.1 Calculate the missing values A and B.

1.4.2 State the type of proportion proposed between the ratio of the number of
employees hired and the time it takes them to build the patio.

1.5 Ruth is the mother of Nick and Nicolene, twins. She is very fond of health and regularly
checks their Body Mass Index (BMI). On one particular day, she recorded the twins'
height and weight as follows.

TWINS WEIGHT LENGTH

NICK 56 kg 1.65 m
NOCOLENE 45 kg 60 inches

NOTE: 1 cm = 0.3937 inches

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.5.1 Calculate Nicolene's height in meters, rounded to TWO decimal places.

1.5.2 Ruth makes the statement that the difference between the twins' BMI is less
than 1 kg/m2.
Verify, by showing all the calculations, if her statement is CORRECT.
Gewig in kg
You can use the following formula: BMI = 2
( Lengte in m )

1.6 The photo and diagram below are of an American soda can

PHOTO OF SODA CAN DIAGRAM OF A SODA CAN

NOTE: 1 inch = 2.54 cm

Use the diagram above to answer the questions that follow.

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 1.6.1 Show, by showing ALL the calculations, that the volume of the soda can is 382
cm3.
You can use the following formula:
Volume = 3.142 × radius2 × height

1.6.2 The can is filled only 95% of its volume.

Calculate, rounded to the nearest ml, the volume of the can.
NOTE: (1 cm3 = 1 ml)

1.7 Sipho is a vendor at the local flea market. She sells different types of jam. She poured
the jam into containers/bottles as shown in the sketch below.

The jam bottles are packed in a cardboard container as follows:

Six rows of three bottles will be packed and will be packed two bottles on top of each
other. A small space of 0.8 cm around each bottle is allowed.

1.7.1 Calculate the dimensions of the cardboard container.

1.7.2 Calculate, in m3, the volume of the cardboard container in QUESTION

1.7.1.

You can use the following formula:

Volume of the container = length × width × height

QUESTION 2 (GP Sept 2024)

2.1 Due to the increase in the size of his family, Mr. Masenya decides to create a
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larger geyser for sale (hot water appliance). The family bought a 200-gallon geyser,
twice the size of their old geyser. A table giving the dimensions of a standard horizontal
round geysers is shown below.

Study the information in Table 2 above and use it to answer the questions that follow.
Answer.

2.1.1 Write down the dimensions of the old geyser.

2.1.2 Calculate the circumference of the base of the new geyser.

You may use the following formula:
Circumference of a circle = π x diameter, where π = 3,142

2.1.3 Mr Masenya claims that the outer surface of the new geyser will be twice the size
of the old geyser because the volume of the new geyser is twice larger. Verify if
his statement is correct.

You may use the following formula:

Outside surface of a geyser = (2 x π x radius2) + (2 x π x radius x length)
where π = 3.142

2.1.4 Mr. Masenya wanted to make sure that the capacity of the geysers was correct,
so he made the following calculations:
OU 100 l GEYSER
Volume = π x radius2 x length
= π x (550 mm)2 x 840 mm
= 798 278 69.33 mm3
= 79,827,869.33 cm3
≈ 79 828 l
NOTE: 1 000 cm3 = 1 litre
Identify TWO possible errors made in the calculation above.
2.1.5 Calculate the capacity of the new 200 l geyser. Round up your answer to the
nearest liter.
You may use the following formula:
Volume = π x radius2 x length
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 True: π = 3,142
NOTE: 1 000 cm3 = 1 litre

2.1.6 Should Mr. Masenya be satisfied with the new geyser based on the capacity?
Give a reason to substantiate your answer.

2.2 The diagram below represents the deck plan of the MS Eden yacht. The MS Eden is a
35-meter-long yacht. Refer to the deck plan and answer the questions that follow.

Use the information given above to answer the questions that follow.

2.2.1 The width of the restaurant surface is 5.5 m. Determine the approximate length
of
the restaurant surface.
You may use the following formula:
Area of a rectangle = Length x Width

2.2.2 A stronger railing should be installed around the perimeter of the upper deck. 36
meters of railing were purchased. Determine, by showing all calculations,
whether the 36 meter railing is sufficient.
You may use the following formula:
Circumference = 2(Length + Width)

2.2.3 Study the deck plan and the yacht's dimensions as provided in the diagram.
Identify TWO calculation errors in the yacht's dimensions and correct them.

QUESTION 3 (US Sept 2024)

3.1 A farmer in the United States of America uses the containers below to
milk and supplying it to local factories.

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 NOTE:
1 gel = 4.546092 liters
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 ml = 1 cm3

Use the information above to answer the following questions.

3.1.1 Convert 55 gelling to gallons. Round your answer to the nearest integer.

3.1.2 Write down TWO dairy products that can be produced by using milk.

3.1.3 Shows through calculations that the IBC tank can hold more than 310 gelling of
milk.
You may use the formula:
Volume of a rectangular prism = length x width x height

3.1.4 The farmer decided to paint the entire exterior surface of the drum to prevent it
from rusting. The spreader rate of the paint is 2,5 m2/l and the paint is sold in 1l
cans. Calculate how many cans of paint will be needed to paint one drum.
You may use the formula:
Area of a cylinder (in m2)
= (2 x 3.142 x r2) + (2 x 3.142 x r x h)
Where r = radius and h = height

3.2 The table below shows the weight and height of the netball players. The information is
used by the coach to select the appropriate position for each player.

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 Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

3.2.1 As a percentage, write down the probability of randomly selecting a player with a
height of less than 170 cm and a weight of 60 kg from all players.

3.2.2 Determine the weight status of a player with a height of 188 cm and a weight of
80 kg.
Gewig in kg
You may use the formula: LMI = 2
( Lengte in m )

3.3 Each player has a specific playing area to play in during the game.
Table 2 shows the play areas per play position.

Play Area: An area in which a player is allowed to play.

NETBALL COURT WITH SPECIFICATIONS

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 Where D = Midline
R = radius.
1 to 5 are play areas

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

3.3.1 Write down which players are not allowed to play in play areas 4 and 5.

3.3.2 Show by calculations that the difference between the radius of the target circle
and the radius of the center circle is 4.45 m.

3.3.3 Calculate (in m2) the area of the netball court.

You may use the following formula:
Area of rectangle = length × width

3.4 Mr. Bartman is a businessman who owns a printing company. He bought a two-bedroom
house and converted it into office spaces.
ANNEXURE E shows a floor plan of the house he purchased.

3.4.1 Write down the probability of randomly choosing a window on the west side of
the house.

3.4.2 Mr. Bartman wants to turn the master bedroom into a meeting room where he
can hold meetings. He removed everything so he could change the floor of the
room and use carpet tiles.

Costs associated with carpet tiles:

- Food glue: 5l for every 3 m2
- One can of 5 l of gum.
- Food glue's price: R359,00 per can
- Carpet tiles: R550 per m2
- Cost for labour: R400 per m2

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(a) Calculate the number of 5l carpet glue tins that Mr. Bartman had to buy to cover
the entire room.
You may use this formula:
Area of a rectangle = length × width

(b) Determine the total cost of installing the new floor covering.

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QUESTION 4 (OK Sept 2024)

4.1 Polokwane District Municipality has provided 920 schools with 2 water tanks each, to
reduce the cost of municipal water bills that schools have to pay for water and sanitation.
The diameter of each tank is 132 cm and the height is 1.5 m.
The tank has a water storage capacity of 2.05 kiloliters.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

4.1.1 Determine the radius of one water tank in centimeters.

4.1.2 Calculate the number of water tanks provided to the 920 schools.

4.1.3 Write down the correct unit of measurement for volume using only the letters A, B,
or C.

A Centimeters
B Cubic meters
C Square millimeters

4.1.4 Explain the term diameter.

4.2 Queens high school decides to tile the school hall's floor with dark blue square tiles.
The hall has a rectangular shape. A smaller rectangular stage is located on the front wall of
the hall, as shown in the diagrams below.
The length of the stage is 10 meters, and the width is 5.5 meters. The stage is not going to
be tiled.
The length of each side of one tile is 60 cm.
The school must determine how many tiles are required.

You may use the following formulas:

Area of a square = its × its
Area of a rectangle = length × width

4.2.1 Calculate the area of the floor of the school hall to be tiled, taking into account that
the stage will not be tiled.

4.2.2 The tiler requires 10% more tiles to be purchased to complete the tiling.

(a) Calculate the area of one tile that will be used. Please give your answer in
m2.

(b) Next, determine how many tiles should be purchased including the extra
10%.

(c) Provide ONE reason why 10% extra tiles are required by the tiler.

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4.3 Ms. Johnson, the chair of the Awards Committee at Queens College, designs the award-
giving certificates for the annual award-giving ceremony.
The certificate has a shaded frame of 2.5 cm, as shown in the diagram below. The length
of the certificate is 28.5 cm and the width is 22 cm.
A performance-level circular sticker with a radius of 8 cm is placed at the bottom of the
certificate.

The diagram of the certificate for the award ceremony

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

4.3.1 Calculate the diameter of the circle in millimeters.

4.3.2 Determine the dimensions of the certificate without the shaded frame.

4.3.3 Next, calculate the circumference of the inside (without the frame) of the certificate.
You may use the following formula:
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 Circumference = 2 (length + width)

4.3.4 Ms. Johnson asserts that the area of the unshaded part (excluding the frame and
the circle) from the certificate to the nearest square centimeter, is 198 cm2.
Verify, with the necessary calculations whether her claim is valid or not.
You may use the following formulas:
Area of a rectangle = length × width
Area of a circle = 3.142 × radius2

4.4 FedEx Express is an international courier (delivery) service company that delivers quickly,
reliably, and on time to more than 220 countries and territories.
To ship a 5 kg box anywhere in South Africa, it will cost R2 250.
The dimensions of a 5 kg box are shown below:

NOTE: 1 inch = 25.4 mm

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

4.4.1 Calculate, in mm3, the volume of a 5 kg box.

You may use the formula: Volume = length × width × height

4.4.2 One of the drivers claims that outside surface area of a 5kg box is more than
2 m2 is. Verify, with the necessary calculations, whether the driver's claim is valid
or not.
You may use the following formula:
Total outdoor area = 2 (l × b) + 2 (l × h) + 2 (w × h)

4.5 Charles works for a seed company that helps schools produce their own vegetable
gardens. These vegetables are planted in greenhouses.
ANNEXURE C illustrates the structure of a greenhouse and all the related information.

Use ANNEXURE C and answer the questions below.

4.5.1 Calculate how many arches will be required to build 5 greenhouses.

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4.5.2 The greenhouse is 20 meters in length and is held upright by aluminum poles
planted 5 meters apart. Determine how many aluminum poles are needed to keep
one greenhouse upright.

4.5.3 Charles claims that more than 50 steel rods will be required to build one
greenhouse. Verify, with calculations, whether his claim is valid or not.

4.5.4 The water tank included in the package is a rectangular prism as shown in the

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 diagram below.

Calculate, in kiloliters, the capacity that the water tank can store.
You may use the following formula:
Volume of the rectangular prism = length × width × height

4.5.5 The package includes a chemical mask.

Explain why a chemical mask is included in the package.

4.5.6 There are several ways to fill the water tank. Name ONE way how the water tank
can be filled with water.

4.6 Pam, the sales manager of AGM, and her team discussed several strategies to improve the
sales of their perfumes.
One of the strategies is to package the perfume in a cylindrical bottle and a rectangular
bottle. The bottles will be filled to 90% capacity.

4.6.1 Explain why the perfume bottles are not filled to the maximum capacity.

4.6.2 In one month, AGM's storage workers packed 75 perfume bottles as cylindrical and
rectangular bottles in a 2:3 ratio in a box. Determine the probability of choosing a
rectangular bottle from the box.

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 4.6.3 Pam claims that if the volume of one rectangular bottle is rounded to the nearest
integer, then the volume of either the rectangular bottle or the cylindrical bottle will
be exactly the same. The volume of the rectangular bottle is 172 cm3.
Verify, with the necessary calculations, whether Pam's claim is valid or not.
You may use the following formula:
Volume of the cylindrical bottle = 3,142 × radius2 × height

QUESTION 5 (WK Sept 2024)

5.1 Water dispensers are a great option for anyone looking for a convenient and healthy way
to access clean drinking water at home.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

5.1.1 Write down only the letter that makes the following statements TRUE:
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 (a) The unit used to measure volume in the given context is...

A Cm
B cm2
C cm3

(b) Give the formula to calculate the area occupied by the water dispenser on
the floor.

A Area = 2 (length + width)

B Area = π × radius2
C Area = length × width

5.1.2 Determine the radius of the base of the water bottle.

5.1.3 It is recommended to drink 8 glasses of water a day. A standard glass contains

about 240 ml.
Determine the total amount of water, in ml, that is recommended to drink daily.

5.1.4 Justin drinks 8 glasses from 7:00 a.m. to 8:30 p.m.

Write in 12-hour format, the last possible time he can drink his last glass of water.

5.2 Amelia got a second-hand trampoline for her birthday.

The trampoline consists of:
A - The trampoline with legs (without spring cover)
B - The Feather Cover

You can use the following formulas:

Area of circle = 3.142 × radius2
Circumference of circle = 2 × 3.142 × radius

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

5.2.1 Trace the diameter of the trampoline to meters.

5.2.2 Determine the diameter of the jumping mat.

5.2.3 Calculate in cm2 the area of the jumping mat.

5.2.4 The spring cover is used to cover the springs and the steel frame. The width of
the feather cover is 26 cm.
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 Calculated in cm2, the area of the feather cover.

5.3 Her parents decided to buy a net, 8 poles, as well as foam tubes from an online store.
NOTE:
• Each pole is 205 cm long.
• Two foam tubes cover each pole with 20 cm left uncovered.
• The uncovered parts of the poles are attached to the legs of the trampoline.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

5.3.1 Give ONE reason why a net is used at a trampoline.

5.3.2 Calculate the total length of the poles to be covered with foam tubes.

5.3.3 Calculate the total amount Amelia's parents will spend to buy the net, trampoline
poles, and the foam tubes.

5.4 During Health Week, three people were selected to measure their body mass index
(BMI). The LMI classification table as well as information of the 3 persons are given in
TABLE 3 below.

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 Use TABLE 3 and the information above to answer the questions that follow.

5.4.1 Calculate A, the mass of Person 1, rounded to the nearest kilogram.

5.4.2 Determine the BMI and the weight status of person 3.

5.5 Freddie wants to install a barbecue at the back of his house. He is interested in one of the
types of braais as shown on ANNEXURE C.
TABLE 4 on ANNEXURE C shows different roast types with dimensions on the diagram.

Use the diagram and TABLE 4 on APPENDIX C to answer the questions that follow.

5.5.1 A three-dimensional (3D) diagram of the barbecue is shown in Annexure C.

Explain what three-dimensional means in this context.
5.5.2 Using the dimensions of D, write down the ratio of the Supreme 1,200 Fry to the
Deluxe 1,500 in simplified form.

5.5.3 The name of the Basic 900 Braai is derived from its total length of 900 mm.
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 Show by means of calculations how the total length of 900 mm was determined.

5.5.4 Calculated in cm2, the area of one side panel of the Basic 900.

5.6 The layout plan of the rectangular braai area with dimensions is shown below.
The pool area is enclosed by a curved fence (quarter circle) as well as a straight fence.

LAYOUT PLAN: BRAAI AND POOL AREA

NOTE: You can use the following formulas:

Area of rectangle = length × width
Area of circle = 3.142 × radius2
Circumference of rectangle = 2 × (length + width)
Circumference of circle = 2 × 3.142 × radius

Use the layout plan above to answer the questions that follow.

5.6.1 The following descriptions of the position of the barbecue are given. Select one of
the options that is NOT CORRECT by writing down the LETTER in the ANSWER
BOOK.

A The braai is on the north side of the sliding door.

B The braai is on the west side of the pool.
C The braai is on the west side of the round table.

5.6.2 Freddie wants to pave the braai area with paving stones. It takes 32 bricks to
cover 1 m².
Calculate the minimum number of bricks to cover the braai area.

5.6.3 Freddie wants to erect a fence around the pool as shown in the diagram. He
estimates that he will need 8 to 9 meters of fencing.
Verify by showing all your calculations if Freddie is correct.

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