EE 308/ Karthikeyan A/ NITK
Single Phase Half Wave Rectifier with R-L-E load
• Single phase half wave rectifier with RLE load is shown below.
Prof. T.K. Anantha Kumar, E&E Dept., MSRIT
EE 308/ Karthikeyan A/ NITK
Single Phase Half Wave Rectifier with R-L-E load
• The counter emf E in the load may be due to a battery or a dc motor.
• The minimum value of firing angle is obtained from the relation
Vmsin(wt) = E.
• This occurs at an angle of θ1 , where θ1 =sin-1(E/Vm)
• In case thyristor(T1) is fired at an angle α < θ1 , then E > Vs
thyristor(T1) is reverse biased and therefore it will not turn on.
• Similarly, maximum value of firing angle is θ2 = π - θ1
• During the interval load current(io) is zero, load voltage Vo = E and
during the time io is not zero, output voltage(Vo) follows source
voltage(Vs).
Prof. T.K. Anantha Kumar, E&E Dept., MSRIT
Waveforms
Load current
• Kirchoff’s law in the circuit gives Vmsin(ωt) = Ri(t) + L di(t)/dt + E
• The load current consists of steady state(ist) and transient components(it).
𝑉𝑚
• Steady state component is given by is = sin (ωt – Ф) – E/R
𝑅2+𝑋2
𝑋
where Ф = tan- ( ) and X = ωL , ‘Ф’ is the angle between Is and Vs.
𝑅
• The transient component can be obtained from source free equation.
i.e. Ri(t) + L di(t)/dt = 0
−𝑅𝑡
Transient response, it = A 𝑒 𝐿
• Complete solution of load current is io = ist + it
−𝑅𝑡
𝑉𝑚
= sin (ωt – Ф) – E/R + A 𝑒 𝐿
𝑅2+𝑋2
• Constant ‘A’ can be obtained from the boundary condition at ωt = α.
Average and RMS values of load voltage
1 β
• Average value of load current is I0 = [Vm Sin ωt − E] dωt
2πR α
1
= [ Vm (cosα - cosβ) – E (β-α)]
2πR
• Average load voltage is V0 = ( E+I0R )
1 β
• RMS value of load current is Ior = [ [ (𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡 − 𝐸)/𝑅]2 𝑑𝜔𝑡 ]1/2
2𝜋 𝛼
• RMS value of load voltage, Vor = Ior R
• Power delivered to load, P0 = Ior2 R + I0E
• Supply power factor = (Ior2 R + I0 E) / Vs Ior
EE 308/ Karthikeyan A/ NITK
Problems
EE 308/ Karthikeyan A/ NITK
1. A single phase half wave converter is operated from a 120 V, 50 Hz supply and the load resistance
R = 10 Ω. If the average output voltage is 25% of the maximum possible average output voltage,
Calculate - (i) Firing angle
(ii) The rms and average output currents
(iii) The input power factor.
EE 308/ Karthikeyan A/ NITK
Solution
• Vs = 120 Volts, RL = 10 Ω, Maximum voltage (Vm) = 2 *120 = 169.7 Volts
Vm
(i) average output voltage, Vo(avg) = ( 1+cosα )
2π
The maximum value of average output voltage Vo occurs at α = 00.
Vm V
Vo(avg) max = ( 1+cos0 ) = m
2π π
169.7
= = 54 volts
π
• It is given that the average output voltage is 25% of its maximum value.
i.e. Vo(avg) = 25% of Vo(avg)max = 0.25 × 54 = 13.5 V
Vm
• Therefore, 13.5 = ( 1+cosα )
2π
169.7
13.5 = ( 1+cosα ) So, α = 1200
2π
EE 308/ Karthikeyan A/ NITK
Solution
(ii) Average value of output current is given as, Io(avg) = Vo(avg)/R
= 13.5/ 10
= 1.35 A
1 𝜋
RMS value of load voltage is Vor = [ [ 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡)]2 𝑑𝜔𝑡 ]1/2
2𝜋 𝛼
169.7 1
= [ (π -2.09) + sin2*2.09 ]1/2
2 π 2
= 37.718 Volts
rms value of output current is given as, Ior = Vor/R
= 37.7/10
= 3.77 A
EE 308/ Karthikeyan A/ NITK
Solution
(iii) The load is resistive, so the rms value of load current will be same as rms value of
supply current.
Is(rms) = Ior = 3.77 A
The total supply power = Vs(rms) Is(rms) = 120 × 3.77 = 452.4 VA
Active load power = V20(avg)/R = (13.5)2/10 = 18.225
Power factor = Active load power/Total supply power
= 18.225/452 4 = 0.04 (lagging)
EE 308/ Karthikeyan A/ NITK
2. A 230 V, 50 Hz, single phase half wave converter is triggered at a firing angle of 40 0 and the load
current extinguishes at an angle of 2100.
Find the (i) Average output voltage
(ii) Average load current
(iii) Rms value of output voltage
(iv) Rms value of load current
when, load resistance, R = 5 Ω and load inductance, L = 2mH.
EE 308/ Karthikeyan A/ NITK
Solution
(i) Average output voltage,
Vm
Vo(avg) = (cosα - cosβ)
2π
230 2
Vo(avg) = (cos400 – cos2100 )
2𝜋
= 84.477 volts
(ii) Average value of load current,
Io(avg) = Vo(avg)/R
= 84.477/ 5
= 16.89 A
EE 308/ Karthikeyan A/ NITK
Solution
(iii) Rms value of output voltage,
Vm 1
Vor = [ (β -α) + (sin2β - sin2α) ]1/2
2 π 2
230 2 1
= [ (210 - 40) π/180 + (sin2*210 - sin2*40) ]1/2
2 π 2
= 156.39 volts
(iv) Rms value of load current,
Ior = Vor/R
= 156.39/ 5
= 31.27 A