ICCT COLLEGES FOUNDATION INC.

Fire Safety
Education
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
Table of
Contents 1-
2-

3-
INTRODUCTION
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE AND
ITS BEHAVIOR
FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT
THEORY
4- FIRE SAFETY ISSUES
FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION 5- FIRE PREVENTION TIPS
NATIONAL SERVICE TO PROTECT LIVES AND
TRAINING PROGRAM
PROPERTIES
6- REPORTING FOR FIRE
INCIDENT ASSISTANCE
7- REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION Fire safety education is designed to increase knowledge and to
develop a change in attitude and behavior of men, women and
children towards fire. Fire safety education may also include home fire
escape planning, babysitting fire safety, cooking fires, clothing fires,
juvenile fire setters, first aid for burns, home fire hazards inspection,
scald prevention, smoke detectors, fire extinguishers and sprinkler
systems (home or at work).

In Section 2 of REPUBLIC ACT

NO. 9514 otherwise known as the
“FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
OF 2008” declares that, It is the
policy of the State to ensure public
safety, promote economic
development through the prevention
and suppression of all kinds of
destructive fires, and promote the
professionalization of the fire service
as a profession. Towards this end,
the State shall enforce all laws, rules
and regulations to ensure adherence
to standard fire prevention and safety
measures, and promote accountability
in the fire protection and prevention
service.”
 CHEMISTRY OF
FIRE AND ITS
Fires start only in the presence of oxygen, fuel,
and energy. There has to be enough energy
provided, by either chemical, electrical, or
BEHAVIOR
physical means for the fuel to reach it's heat
of combustion. For example, rubbing two sticks
together generates heat energy by friction. If this
heat energy is provided at such a rate that the
fuel, wood, reaches it's heat of combustion then
the wood will ignite, assuming the presence
of oxygen. The reason you have to rub
vigorously for wood is because the heat is
dissipated in time so the energy is no longer
localized.
FIRE BEHAVIOR
Effective fire control and extinguishment requires a basic understanding of the
chemical and physical nature of fire. This includes information describing sources
of heat energy, composition and characteristics of fuels, and environmental
conditions necessary to sustain the combustion process.

ANATOMY OF FIRE
Combustion is the self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of oxidation, such as
detonations and explosions. Somewhere between these extremes are the two
most common reactions concerning firefighters: smoldering fires and flaming or
free-burning fires

For many years, the “fire triangle” (oxygen, fuel, and heat)
was used to teach the components of fire. While this simple
example is useful, it is not technically correct. For
combustion to occur, four components are necessary:
Oxygen (oxidizing agent), Fuel, Heat and Self-sustained
chemical reaction (also referred to as the chain reaction)

These components can be graphically described as the “fire tetrahedron”. Each

component of the tetrahedron must be in place for combustion to occur. This
concept is extremely important to fire suppression personnel. Remove any one of
the four components and combustion will not occur. If ignition has already occurred,
the fire is extinguished when one of the components is removed from the reaction.
 OXIDIZING AGENTS
Oxidizing agents are those materials that yield oxygen or other oxidizing gases
during the course of a chemical reaction. Oxidizers are not themselves
combustibles, but they support combustion when combined with a fuel. While
oxygen is the most common oxidizer, other substances fall into this category

Most fires involve a fuel that is chemically combined with the oxygen normally
found in atmospheric air. Atmospheric air contains 21 percent oxygen, 79 percent
nitrogen and 1 percent of `other gases.

FUEL
Fuel is the material or substance being oxidized or burned in the combustion
process. In scientific terms, the fuel in a combustion reaction is known as
the “reducing agent”. Most common fuels contain carbon along with
combinations of hydrogen and oxygen. These fuels can be further broken down into
hydrocarbon-based fuels (such as gasoline, fuel oil, and plastics) and
cellulose-based materials (such as wood and paper).
 Fuel may be found in any of three (3) states of matter: SOLID, LIGQUID & GAS

The initiation of combustion requires the conversion of fuel into the gaseous state
by heating. Fuel gases are evolved from solid fuels by pyrolysis. This is defined as
the chemical decomposition of a substance through the action of heat. Fuel
gases are evolved from liquids by vaporization. This process is the same as
boiling water or evaporation of a pan of water in sunlight. In both cases, heat
caused the liquid to vaporize. No heat input is required with gaseous fuels
and this places considerable restraints on the control and extinguishment of gas
fuel fires.

SOLID FUELS LIQUID FUELS GAS FUELS

Solid fuels have definite Liquid fuels have physical Gases tend to assume the
shape and size. One properties that increase the shape of their container
primary consideration with difficulty of extinguishment but have no specific
solid fuels is the surface and hazard to personnel. volume. If the vapor
area of the material in Liquids will assume the density of a gas is such
relation to its mass, the shape of their container. that it is less dense than
larger the surface area for When a spill occurs, the air (air is given a value of
a given mass, the more liquid will assume the shape one), it will rise and tend
rapid the heating of the of the ground (flat) and will to dissipate. If a gas or
material and increase in flow and accumulate in low vapor is heavier than air, it
the speed of pyrolysis. areas. will tend to hug the ground
and travel as directed
by terrain and wind.
 HEAT
Heat is a form of energy that may be described as a condition of matter in
motion caused by the movement of molecules. All matter contains some heat
regardless of how low the temperature is because molecules are constantly
moving all the time. When a body of matter is heated, speed of the molecules
increases, thus the temperature increases. Anything that sets the molecules
material in motion produces heat in that material. There are four (4) general
categories of heat energy and they include: Chemical Heat Energy, Electrical
Heat Energy, Mechanical Heat Energy & Nuclear Heat Energy

COMBUSTION OR BURNING / CHAIN REACTION

Is a complex sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel
and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat or both heat and light in
the form of either a glow or flames.

PHASES OF FIRE
The burning process occurs in clearly defined stages. By recognizing the
different phases (or stages), a fire fighter can better understand the process of
burning and fighting the fire at different levels and with different tactics and tools.
Each phase (or stage) is characterized by differences in room temperature and
atmospheric composition.
 A firefighter may be confronted by one or all of the following
three phases (or stages) of fire at any time. This happens after
ignition starts. Ignition takes place when the four elements of the
fire tetrahedron come together and combustion begins, the
fire is small and confined to the material first ignited.

INCIPIENT PHASE (GROWTH STAGE)

In the first phase, the oxygen content in the air has not been significantly
reduced and the fire is producing water vapor, carbon dioxide, perhaps a small
quantity of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and other gases. Some heat is being
generated, and the amount will increase with the progress of the fire. The fire may
be producing a flame temperature well above 1,0000F (5370C), yet the temperature
in the room at this stage may be only slightly increased.
 FREE-BURNING PHASE (FULLY DEVELOPED STAGE)
The second phase of burning encompasses all of the free-burning
activities of the fire. During this phase, oxygen-rich air is drawn into the flame as
convection (the rise of heated gases) carries the heat to the upper most
regions of the confined area. The heated gases spread out laterally from the
top downward, forcing the cooler air to seek lower levels, and eventually igniting all
the combustible material in the upper levels of the room. This heated air is one of
the reasons that firefighters are taught to keep low and use protective breathing
equipment. One breath of this super-heated air can sear the lungs. At this point,
the temperature in the upper regions can exceed 1,3000F (7000C). As the fire
progresses through the latter stages of this phase, it continues to consume
the free oxygen until it reaches the point where there is insufficient oxygen to react
with the fuel. The fire is then reduced to the smoldering phase and needs only a
supply of oxygen to burn rapidly or explode.
 SMOLDERING PHASE (DECAY STAGE)
In the third phase, flame may cease to exist if the area of confinement is
sufficiently airtight. In this instance, burning is reduced to glowing embers. The
room becomes completely filled with dense smoke and gases to the extent that it is
forced from all cracks under pressure. The fire will continue to smolder, and the
room will completely fill with dense smoke and gases of combustion at a
temperature of well over 1,0000F (5370C). The intense heat will have vaporized
the lighter fuel fractions such as hydrogen and methane from the combustible
material in the room. These fuel gases will be added to those produced by
the fire and will further increase the hazard to the firefighter and create the
possibility of a backdraft.

TIME TEMPERATURE CURVE

The demarcations between the three
phases can be identified by a “time
temperature curve”. During the incipient (or
growth) phase of a fire, shown below as the
upward curve, the time can vary
depending on the type of fuel, the size
of the room, and the amount of oxygen
supplying the fire. Flashover occurs at the
end of the incipient (or growth) phase and
start of the free burning (or fully
developed) stage. Backdraft can occur in
the smoldering (or decay) phase.
FLASHOVER
Flashover occurs when a room or other area becomes heated to the point
where flames flash over the entire surface or area. Originally, it was
believed that flashover was caused by combustible gases released during the
early stages of fire. It was thought that these gases collected at the ceiling level
and mixed with air until they reached their flammable range, then suddenly
ignited causing flashover. It is now believed that while this may occur, it precedes
flashover. The cause of flashover is not attributed to the excessive build-up of heat
from the fire itself. As the fire continues to burn, all the contents of the fire
area are gradually heated to their ignition temperatures, through “thermal
radiation feedback”. When they reach this point, simultaneous ignition occurs
and the area becomes fully involved in fire.

BACKDRAFT
Firefighters responding to a confined fire that is late in the free-burning
phase or in the smoldering phase risk causing a backdraft or smoke explosion if
the science of fire is not considered in opening the structure.
In the smoldering phase of a fire, burning is incomplete because not
enough oxygen is available to sustain the fire. However, the heat from the
free-burning phase remains, and the unburned carbon particles and other
flammable products of combustion are just waiting to burst into rapid, almost
instantaneous combustion when more oxygen is supplied. Proper ventilation
releases smoke and the hot unburned gases from the upper areas of the
room or structure. Improper ventilation at this time supplies the dangerous
missing link -- oxygen. As soon as the needed oxygen rises in, the stalled
combustion resumes, and it can be devastating in its speed, truly qualifying as an
explosion.
 FLASHOVER
Combustion is related to oxidation, and oxidation is a
which oxygen combines with other elements. Carbon is
chemical reaction in
a naturally abundant
element present in wood, among other things. When wood burns, carbon
combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, or carbon monoxide, depending on
the availability of oxygen. When oxygen is no longer available, free carbonis
released in the smoke. A warning sign of possible backdraft is dense, black
(carbon-filled) smoke.
This type of condition can be made less dangerous by proper ventilation. If the
building is opened at the highest point involved, the heated gases and smoke
will be released, reducing the possibility of an explosion. Combustion is related
to oxidation, and oxidation is a chemical reaction in which oxygen combines with
other elements. Carbon is a naturally abundant element present in wood, among
other things. When wood burns, carbon combines with oxygen to form
carbon dioxide, or carbon monoxide, depending on the availability of oxygen.
When oxygen is no longer available, free carbon is released in the smoke. A
warning sign of possible backdraft is dense, black (carbon-filled) smoke.
THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS MAY INDICATE A BACKDRAFT OR SMOKE EXPLOSION CONDITION:
1. Smoke under pressure
2. Black smoke becoming dense gray yellow
3. Confinement and excessive heat
4. Little or no visible flame
5. Smoke leaves the building in puffs or at intervals
6. Smoke-stained windows
7. Muffled sounds
8. Sudden rapid movement of air inward when opening is made
This type of condition can be made less dangerous by proper ventilation. If the building is opened
at the highest point involved, the heated gases and smoke will be released, reducing the
possibility of an explosion.
 HEAT TRANSFER
Heat can travel throughout a burning building by one or more of three methods,
commonly referred to as conduction, convection and radiation. Since the
existence of heat within a substance is caused by molecular action, the greater
the molecular activity, the more intense the heat. A number of natural laws of
physics are involved in the transmission of heat. One is called the Law of Heat
Flow. It specifies that heat tends to flow from a hot substance to a cold substance.
The colder of two bodies in contact will absorb heat until both objects are the same
temperature.
Heat may be conducted from one body to another by direct contact of the two
bodies or by an intervening heat-conducting medium. The amount of heat that will
be transferred and its rate of travel depends upon the conductivity of the
CONDUCTION material through which the heat is passing. Not all materials have the
same heat conductivity. Aluminum, copper and iron are good conductors.
Fibrous materials, such as felt, cloth and paper are poor conductors.

Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of air or liquid. When water is heated in a glass
container, the movement within the vessel can be observed through the glass. If some sawdust is
added to the water, the movement is more apparent. As the water is heated, it expands and grows lighter,
hence, the upward movement. In the same manner, air becomes heated near a steam radiator by conduction.
CONVECTION It expands, becomes lighter and moves upward. As the heated air moves upward, cooler air takes its place
at the lower levels. When liquids and gases are heated, they begin to move within themselves. This
movement is different from the molecular motion discussed in conduction of heat and is knows as heat
transfer by convection.

The warmth of the sun is felt soon after it rises. When the sun sets, the earth begins to cool with similar
rapidity. We carry an umbrella to shade our bodies from the heat of the sun. A spray of water between a
firefighter and a fire will lessen the heat reaching the firefighter. Although air is a poor conductor, it is obvious

RADIATION that heat can travel where matter does not exist. This method of heat transmission is known as radiation of
heat waves. Heat and light waves are similar in nature, but they differ in length per cycle. Heat waves
are longer than light waves and they are sometimes called infrared rays. Radiated heat will travel
through space until it reaches an opaque object. As the object is exposed to heat radiation, it will in return
radiate heat from its surface.
PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
When a material (fuel) burns, it undergoes a chemical change. None of
the elements making up the material are destroyed in the process, but all of
the matter is transformed into another form or state. Although dispersed, the
products of combustion equal in weight and volume that of the fuel before it was
burned. When a fuel burns there are four products of combustion: Fire gases,
Flame , Heat and Smoke

The smoke encountered at most fires consists of a mixture of oxygen,

nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide gases, finely divided carbon particles
(soot), and a miscellaneous assortment of products that have been released from
the material involved.

Heat is a form of energy that is measured in degrees of temperature to signify its

intensity. In this sense, heat is the product of combustion that is responsible
for the spread of fire. In a physiological sense, it is the direct cause of
burns and other forms of personal injury. Injuries caused by heat include
dehydration, heat exhaustion and injury to the respiratory tract, in addition to burns.

Flame is the visible, luminous body of a burning gas. When a burning gas is
mixed with the proper amounts of oxygen, the flame becomes hotter and less
luminous. This loss of luminosity is because of a more complete combustion of the
carbon. For these reasons, flame is considered to be a product of combustion.
Heat, smoke and gas, however, can develop in certain types of smoldering fires
without evidence of flame.
 FIRE
EXTINGUISHMENT
THEORY
 The extinguishment of fire is based on an interruption of one or more of the
essential elements in the combustion process. With flaming combustion the fire may
be extinguished by reducing temperature, eliminating fuel or oxygen, or by stopping
the uninhibited chemical chain reaction. If a fire is in the smoldering mode of
combustion, only three extinguishment options exist: reduction of temperature,
elimination of fuel or oxygen.

EXTINGUISHMENT OF TEMPERATURE REDUCTION EXTINGUISHMENT BY FUEL REMOVAL

One of the most common methods of extinguishment is In some cases, a fire is effectively extinguished by
by cooling with water. The process of extinguishment by removing the fuel source. This may be accomplished
cooling is dependent on cooling the fuel to a point by stopping the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel or by
where it does not produce sufficient vapor to burn. removing solid fuel in the path of the fire. Another
method of fuel removal is to allow the fire to burn until all
fuel is consumed.

EXTINGUISHMENT BY OXYGEN DILUTION EXTINGUISHMENT BY CHEMICAL FLAME INHIBITION

Reducing the oxygen available to the combustion Some extinguishing agents, such as dry chemicals and
process reduces a fire's growth and may totally halons, interrupt the flame producing chemical reaction,
extinguish it over time. In its simplest form, this resulting in rapid extinguishment. This method of
method is used to extinguish cooking stove fires when a extinguishment is effective only on gas and liquid fuels as
cover is placed over a pan of burning food. Oxygen can they cannot burn in the smoldering mode of combustion. If
also be separated from fuel by blanketing the fuel with extinguishment of smoldering materials is desired, the
extinguishing agent such as aqueous film forming foam or addition of cooling capability is required.
AFFF.
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES AND
EXTINGUISHMENT METHODS
CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D CLASS K
FIRE FIRES FIRES FIRES FIRES

Fires involving Fires involving Fires involving Fires involving Class K is a new
ordinary flammable liquids, energized combustible classification of fire
combustible greases and electrical metals, such as as of 1998 and
materials, such as gases. The equipment. This magnesium, involves fires in
wood, cloth, paper, smothering or fire can sometimes titanium, zirconium, combustible cooking
sodium and fuels such as
rubber and many blanketing effect of be controlled by a vegetable or animal
plastics. Water is oxygen exclusion non-conducting potassium. The
extremely high fats. Its fuels are
used in a cooling is most effective. extinguishing similar to Class B
or quenching Other agent. The safest temperature of fuels but involve high
effect to reduce extinguishing procedure is some burning temperature cooking
the temperature of methods include always to attempt metals makes oils and therefore
the burning removal of fuel to de - energize water and other have special
material below its and temperature high voltage common characteristics.
ignition reduction. circuits and treat extinguishing Class K agents are
temperature. as a Class A or B agents ineffective. usually wet
There is no agent chemicals, water-
fire depending available that will based solutions of
upon the fuel effectively control potassium carbonate-
involved. fires in all based chemical,
combustible metals. potassium acetate-
Special based chemical, or
extinguishing potassium citrate-
agents are available based chemical or
for control of fire in a combination.
These agents are
each of the metals usually used in fixed
and are marked systems, but some
specifically for that extinguishers are
metal. available.
 F I RE
SAFETY
I S SUE S
MINIMIZING FIRE RISKS
Isolate flammable solids, liquids and
Safely install and maintain all
gases from sources of ignition such
electrical circuits. All electrical wires
as open flames, heated surface or
should be enclosed in solid casing to
unprotected electrical wiring (e.g.
prevent damage except portable tools
adequate marking, suitable fire
and lighting.
resistant containers, paper ventilation.

Protect each electrical circuit with an

adequate fuse or circuit breaker located
Restrict the distribution of flammable near the work station. Ensure that each
materials used for daily work to only circuit is properly labeled. Do not use
the minimum amount necessary. extension cords. Use fixed wiring
circuits instead. Never use multiple plugs
to avoid overloading of circuits.

Design fuel storage facilities in a clearly

marked location well separated from
areas where personnel are working. Arrange switches in such a way that
Keep flammable substances or individuals can rapidly shut down the
combustible materials isolated from hot work station in case of an emergency.
surface such as machines, equipment
and furnaces.

When hazardous chemical are present, Before going to bed, unplug every
put into practices fire protection electrical energize
measures as indicated on chemical appliances/equipment and shut off
safety data sheet. LPG valve/regulator.

Take adequate precaution when open

flames are present (i.e. welding,
smelting, and cutting). Isolate sources In cases of fire apply the protocol
of fuel or combustible materials from SAFETY.
open flames. The correct fire
extinguisher should be at hand.
PARTS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
DIAGRAM
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
HOW TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER?
It’s easy to remember how to use fire extinguisher. If you can remember the
acronym PASS, which stands for

ULL IM QUEEZE WEEP

Pull the Pin. This will allow you to discharge the
extinguisher.

Aim at the base of the fire. If you aim at the

flames (which is frequently the temptation), the
extinguishing agent will fly away right through and
do no good. You want to hit the fuel.

Squeeze the top handle or lever. This depresses a

button that releases the pressurized extinguishing
agent in the extinguisher.

Sweep from side to side until the fire is

completely out. Start using the extinguisher from
a safe distance away, and then move forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in
case it re-ignites.
FIRE
PREVENTION
TIPS
TO
PROTECT
LIVES
AND
PROPERTIES
 For the first two months of 2024, the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) recorded 3,044 fires in the Philippines—
quite an increase compared to less than 2,000 incidents in
the same period last year. Since March is Fire Prevention
Month, it’s time to reflect on how to improve these statistics.

As everyone can agree, no one wins in a fire. Not those

whose properties get ravaged by the flames. Not those who
lose their limbs, or worse, their lives. Not those who watch the
whole tragedy unfold from a distance. Not the environment,
which gets nothing out of it but toxic gases and fumes.

Fires may break out without warning, but that doesn’t mean
they happen out of nowhere. Most of the time, fires are
completely preventable.
TOP 10 FIRE PREVENTION TIPS TO REMEMBER
AVOID ELECTRICAL OVERLOADING
Overloading your circuits is a big fire hazard—this is one of the most important fire safety
reminders you shouldn't overlook.

Avoid plugging too many devices into your electrical outlets to keep them from overheating
and catching fire. High energy-consuming appliances like refrigerators and air conditioners
should have their own outlets to prevent electrical overloading at home.

CHECK ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS FOR FAULTY WIRING

Faulty electrical wiring can cause a fire. To prevent it, get a licensed electrician
to periodically check your appliances for exposed or worn-out wires.

Even on your own, you can easily spot some signs of damaged wiring, including
out-of-place flickers and a burnt smell. When you spot frayed wires, damaged
sockets, or defective electrical equipment, get them fixed or replaced immediately.

FIREPROOF YOUR KITCHEN

The kitchen can be a fire hazard all on its own if not properly maintained. Make sure to
follow these fire safety tips in the kitchen.

First, don’t leave a gas stove unattended. Even if you have to leave momentarily, just
turn off the stove until you can attend to it again. Another crucial fire safety tip is to not lean
over open flames when wearing loose clothing to keep it from catching fire. Also, keep your
cooking area free of combustible objects like potholders and towels.

Lastly, after using charcoal for cooking, make sure to extinguish the embers completely.
TOP 10 FIRE PREVENTION TIPS TO REMEMBER
TURN OFF GAS TANKS WHEN NOT IN USE
It only takes one errant spark to cause your gas tank to ignite. To avoid a terrible
accident, close your liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) every after use. It's one of the most
important safety tips for fire prevention that you must take to heart.

Constantly check the LPG for any leak or damage to avoid not only fire but also health
risks.

KEEP YOUR LIGHT SOURCES SECURED

This fire safety tip is easy enough to remember—but constantly ignored.

Filipinos usually light candles or gasera (kerosene lamp) during power outages. If this is
something you do as well, make sure to use sturdy candle holders that can keep your candles in
place. Look for a clear spot where candles and gaseras won’t get tipped over. Also, keep your
candles away from things that can easily catch fire, including curtains, carpets, and paper.

To ensure foolproof safety against fire, use a rechargeable lamp or flashlight as an alternative
light source during a power outage.

PRACTICE GOOD HOUSEKEEPING HABITS

Not all fire hazards are blatantly noticeable. A pile of leaves in your front yard looks
harmless until extreme heat turns it into a bonfire. A stack of old newspapers, a mound of
empty plastic bottles, or a clump of overgrown shrubs can all set off a fire.

As a rule of thumb, keep aisles, walkways, and stairways clear of any trash. Clean and
clear pathways at home or in the office can prevent the spread of fire. It also gives people
enough space to move and evacuate during emergencies.
TOP 10 FIRE PREVENTION TIPS TO REMEMBER

OBSERVE PROPER SMOKING ETIQUETTE

According to the BFP, smoking is the leading cause of fire incidents.[1] So if you’re
tempted to smoke inside the house, just don’t—unless you have a designated smoking
area at home designed to prevent fires.

Smoking in bed should be avoided at all costs. Linens and mattresses can catch fire
easily, so stay as far away from them as possible when smoking.

Use an ashtray to crush your cigarette stubs and dispose of them properly, ideally after
dousing them with water.

INSTALL SMOKE ALARMS

Smoke alarms can alert you when a fire breaks out. Ideally, set them up on
every floor—one in each bedroom and hallway. Wall-mounted alarms should be
placed four to 12 inches away from the ceiling, and ceiling-mounted ones four
inches from the nearest wall.

Prepare an emergency plan in case it goes off. Set escape routes and exits,
teach everyone how to crawl on the floor to escape the heat and smoke, and make
sure they know which emergency numbers to call.
TOP 10 FIRE PREVENTION TIPS TO REMEMBER

GET A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Installing a fire extinguisher at home or in the office doesn't directly prevent a fire, but it can surely help
stop it from spreading

Using just water to contain a fire isn’t always advisable. Fires caused by electrical problems will just
inflict greater damage when put out using a liquid.

When shopping for a fire extinguisher, look for one with the Philippine Standard (PS) License and Import
Commodity Clearance (ICC) marks. This means the product is certified to be safe and of acceptable
quality.

Inspect your fire extinguisher at least once a year to make sure it’s still working. There shouldn’t be any
cracks; the locking pin should be in place; and the handle should still be safely lodged in its position. If you
find any defect, confirm with an expert if you need a new fire extinguisher.

GET INSURANCE
To round up this list of top 10 fire safety tips at home, make sure to get fire insurance.
Again, this isn't exactly a preventative measure, but it’ll give you peace of mind.

With fire insurance, you protect yourself financially from the aftermath of a fire. You
won't have to deplete your savings or emergency fund in case your property gets
damaged or destroyed. Depending on your policy's inclusions, it might cover repairs,
reconstruction, and compensation of affected parties.

You can also consider mortgage redemption insurance to ensure that outstanding
mortgage debt is paid in the event of total disability or death during a fire. It may sound
grim, but it’s a good measure in addition to fire prevention.
 Prevention is the best fire
safety measure. Following
these fire prevention tips at
home and in the workplace can
help make your environment
safe from hazards.
 REPORTING
FOR
FIRE
INCIDENT
ASSISTANCE
Dial the exact local fire department hotline number
Give the exact location. Details should include visible
landmarks
Telephone number of caller. This would authenticate
the veracity of incident
Full name of the caller.
Status of fire. Brief description involving fire incident
that includes the dimension of fire
What is involved? This may also include the probable
cause of ignition, type of building contraction
materials, the number of buildings/structures involved
& etc.
 REFERENCES
Bureau of Fire Protection, (2019) RA 9514 The Fire Code of the Philippines Revised IRR,
August 29, 2020, [Link]
[Link]

Fire Equipment’s Manufacturers’ Association, Saving lives, protecting properties,

Copyright 2020, August 29, 2020, [Link]

[Link], Fire Safety Product Reviews Resource and Information, (c) 2018, August
29, 2020,[Link] VictorFireDepartment, (2010) Fire Prevention 24/7,
December 21,2010, August 7, 2020 [Link]

UNTV News and Rescue(2017) Fire Prevention and Safety Tips, Febuary 12, 2017, August
7, 2020, [Link]

National Safety Council(2020) Keep Your Family Safe from Fire, 2009, August 7 2020,
[Link]

Safety Team(2020), Fire Safety Guide: Fire Prevention and How to Prepare for a Fire
Emergency, Feb
13, 2020, August 7 2020, [Link]