INTRODUCTION:
Over time, cephalometric analysis has been used in orthodontics for a variety
of purposes, such as skeletal growth prediction, malocclusion diagnosis, and
treatment effect evaluation. Nowadays, the majority of orthodontic and dental
studies are focused to find and test new treatment appliances or to assess new
radiographic analysis.[1-8] Before starting a treatment, cephalometric analysis
is still frequently used in the diagnostic field to analyse, compare, and express
the space relationships of the soft tissues and craniofacial and dentofacial
complexes. Evaluation of the obtained data can be qualitative by
superimposing the laterolateral teleradiographs of the skull, which direct
visualisation of changes in the spatial relations areas and anatomical
landmarks, or quantitative by using measurements of distances and angles.[9]
It is easy to think of the soft tissue as a wrap over the
facial skeleton; however, Now a days an Orthodontists consider that a study of
the skeletal profile will coincide with an analysis of the soft tissue profile. The
orthodontist is to modify his treatment to alter the appearance of the face
Therefore, it would seem vital to know what changes will typically occur within
the soft tissue profile as a result of growth. After all, the soft tissue is mostly
responsible for determining an individual's facial appearance.[10] One of the
most useful metrics in soft tissue profile analysis is the nasolabial angle (NLA),
which is created by the intersection of the columella and upper lip anterior at
the subnasale.[11]
The concordance between the skeletal and
interincisive midline lines is the first step in evaluating the relationship
between the teeth and face. This kind of examination allows one to identify
potential asymmetries and deviations between the two jaws. Incisal exposure
with lips at rest is a second crucial factor in assessing the relationship between
teeth and soft tissues. This value should range from 1 to 5 mm; variations in
this value could be caused by changes in the maxilla or upper lip length,
keeping in mind that thicker lips tend to have less incisal exposure. It's crucial
to assess the patient's lips when they're smiling in addition to when they're at
rest.[12]
Goal of orthodontic treatment ,and the best aesthetics
and treatment stability are determined by their appropriate proportion to
underlying hard [Link] terms of facial aesthetics the position and inclination of
the incisors ,as well as the morphology and position of the maxillary and
mandibular bones, are crucial.
Additionally the thickness harmony and proportions of soft tissues that cover the
face are crucial which is why they are recently using variety of treatments such as
plastic surgery .
Rationale of the Study:
Re f e r e n c e s
1. Maddalone M, Ferrari M, et al. Use of miniscrew implants in
orthodontic distal movement [Utilizzo delle miniviti nelle meccaniche
ortodontiche di distalizzazione]. Dental Cadmos 2010;78(8):97–105.
2. Maddalone M, Ferrari M, et al. Intrusive mechanics in orthodontics
with the use of TAD’s [Utilizzo delle miniviti nelle meccaniche
ortodontiche di distalizzazione]. Dental Cadmos 2010;78(7):97–106.
3. Maddalone M. The association between the psychological status
and the severity of facial deformity in orthognathic patients. Angle
Orthodontist 2012;82(3):396–402. DOI: 10.2319/060211-363.1.
4. Citterio F, Pellegatta A, et al. Analysis of the apical constriction
using micro-computed tomography and anatomical sections.
Giornale Italiano Di Endodonzia 2014;28:41–45. DOI: 10.1016/
[Link].2014.05.001.
5. Venino PM, Citterio CL, et al. A Micro–computed Tomography
Evaluation of the Shaping Ability of Two Nickel-titanium Instruments,
HyFlex EDM and ProTaper Next. J Endod 2017;43(4):628–632. DOI:
10.1016/[Link].2016.11.022.
6. Maddalone M, Gagliani M, et al. Prevalence of vertical root fractures
in teeth planned for apical surgery. A retrospective cohort study. Int
Endod J 2018 Feb 25;51(9):969–974. DOI: 10.1111/iej.12910.
7. Maddalone M, Mirabelli L, et al. Long-term stability of autologous
bone graft of intraoral origin after lateral sinus floor elevation with
simultaneous implant placement. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2018
Aug 24;20(5):713–721. DOI: 10.1111/cid.12649.
8. Porcaro G, Busa A, et al. Use of a partial-thickness flap for Guided
Bone regeneration in the upper jaw. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017 Dec
1;18(12):1117–1121. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2186.
9. Marcello Maddalone1, Federico Losi2, Elisa Rota3, Marco G Baldoni4 Relationship between the Position of the Incisors and the
Thickness of the Soft Tissues in the Upper Jaw: Cephalometric Evaluation.
10. Subtelny JD. The Soft Tissue Profile, Growth And Treatment [Link] Angle Orthodontist 1961;31:105–122.
11. Bergman R.T. Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 1999;116:373–389.
Doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(99)70222-2.
12. Marcello Maddalone1, Federico Losi2, Elisa Rota3, Marco G Baldoni4 Relationship between the Position of the Incisors and the
Thickness of the Soft Tissues in the Upper Jaw: Cephalometric Evaluation.