A polling agency conducted a survey by selecting 100 random samples, each consisting of 1,200 United

States citizens. The citizens in each sample were asked whether they were optimistic about the economy.
For each sample, the polling agency created a 95 percent confidence interval for the proportion of all
United States citizens who were optimistic about the economy. Which of the following statements is the
best interpretation of the 95 percent confidence level?

Responses

A
With 100 confidence intervals, we can be 95% confident that the sample proportion of citizens of
the United States who are optimistic about the economy is correct.

B
We would expect about 95 of the 100 confidence intervals to contain the proportion of all citizens
of the United States who are optimistic about the economy.

C
We would expect about 5 of the 100 confidence intervals to not contain the sample proportion of
citizens of the United States who are optimistic about the economy.

D
Of the 100 confidence intervals, 95 of the intervals will be identical because they were
constructed from samples of the same size of 1,200.

E
The probability is 0.95 that 100 confidence intervals will yield the same information about the
sample proportion of citizens of the United States who are optimistic about the economy.

A 95 percent confidence interval of the form p̂ ± E will be used to obtain an estimate for an unknown
population proportion p. If p̂ is the sample proportion and E is the margin of error, which of the following
is the smallest sample size that will guarantee a margin of error of at most 0.08?

Responses

A
25

B
100
 C
175

D
250

E
625

A company produces millions of 1-pound packages of bacon every week. Company specifications allow
for no more than 3 percent of the 1-pound packages to be underweight. To investigate compliance with
the specifications, the company’s quality control manager selected a random sample of 1,000 packages
produced in one week and found 40 packages, or 4 percent, to be underweight.

Assuming all conditions for inference are met, do the data provide convincing statistical evidence at the
significance level of

α=0.05

that more than 3 percent of all the packages produced in one week are underweight?

Responses

A
Yes, because the sample estimate of 0.04 is greater than the company specification of 0.03.

B
Yes, because the p-value of 0.032 is less than the significance level of 0.05.

C
Yes, because the p-value of 0.064 is greater than the significance level of 0.05.

D
No, because the p-value of 0.032 is less than the significance level of 0.05.

E
No, because the p-value of 0.064 is greater than the significance level of 0.05.

A random sample of 1,018 city residents were asked to rate their level of support for a proposal being
considered by the city council. The table shows the responses by level of support.
Based on the responses, which of the following is a 95 percent confidence interval for the proportion of
all city residents who would respond very supportive or somewhat supportive of the proposal?

Responses

A
0.33 ± 0.029

B
0.38 ± 0.030

C
0.71 ± 0.058

D
0.71 ± 0.031

E
The mayor of a large city will run for governor if he believes that more than 30 percent of the voters in the
state already support him. He will have a survey firm ask a random sample of n voters whether or not they
support him. He will use a large sample test for proportions to test the null hypothesis that the proportion
of all voters who support him is 30 percent or less against the alternative that the percentage is higher
than 30 percent. Suppose that 35 percent of all voters in the state actually support him. In which of the
following situations would the power for this test be highest?

Responses

A
The mayor uses a significance level of 0.01 and n = 250 voters.

B
The mayor uses a significance level of 0.01 and n = 500 voters.
 C
The mayor uses a significance level of 0.01 and n = 1,000 voters.

D
The mayor uses a significance level of 0.05 and n = 500 voters.

E
The mayor uses a significance level of 0.05 and n = 1,000 voters.

In the states of Florida and Colorado, veterinarians investigating obesity in dogs obtained random
samples of pet medical records and recorded the weights of the dogs in the samples. A test was
conducted of H0 : p1 = p2 versus Ha : p1 ≠ p2, where p1 represents the proportion of all overweight dogs
in Florida and p2 represents the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado. The resulting test statistic
for a two-sample z-test for a difference between proportions was 1.85. At the significance level α = 0.05,
which of the following is a correct conclusion?

Responses

A
There is not sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of all overweight dogs
in Florida is different from the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado because the p-value
is greater than 0.05.

B
There is not sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of all overweight dogs
in Florida is different from the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado because the z-test
statistic is greater than 0.05.

C
There is sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of all overweight dogs in
Florida is different from the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado because the p-value is
greater than 0.05.

D
There is sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of all overweight dogs in
Florida is different from the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado because the p-value is
less than 0.05.

E
 There is sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of all overweight dogs in
Florida is greater than the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado because the z-test
statistic is positive.

Jessica wanted to determine if the proportion of males for a certain species of laboratory animal is less
than 0.5. She was given access to appropriate records that contained information on 12,000 live births
for the species. To construct a 95 percent confidence interval, she selected a simple random sample of
100 births from the records and found that 31 births were male.

Based on the study, which of the following expressions is an approximate 95 percent confidence interval
estimate for p, the proportion of males in the 12,000 live births?

Responses

A research organization reported that

percent of adults who were asked to describe their day responded that they were having a good day
rather than a typical day or a bad day. To investigate whether the percent would be different for high
school students,

600

high school students were randomly selected. When asked to describe their day,

245

students reported that they were having a good day rather than a typical day or a bad day.

Do the data provide convincing statistical evidence that the proportion of all high school students who
would respond that they were having a good day is different from

0.41

Responses

A
No, because the

-value is less than any reasonable significance level.

B
No, because the

-value is greater than any reasonable significance level.

C
Yes, because the

-value is less than any reasonable significance level.

-value is greater than any reasonable significance level.

E
Yes, because the expected value of the number of students who will report having a good day is

246

, not

245

Answer A

Incorrect. It is true that the data do not provide convincing statistical evidence, but the

-value is very large, so it is not less than any reasonable significance level.

A survey was conducted to determine what percentage of college seniors would have chosen to attend a
different college if they had known then what they know now. In a random sample of 100 seniors, 34
percent indicated that they would have attended a different college. A 90 percent confidence interval for
the percentage of all seniors who would have attended a different college is

Responses

A
24.7% to 43.3%

B
25.8% to 42.2%

C
26.2% to 41.8%
 D
30.6% to 37.4%

E
31.2% to 36.8%

A large number of randomized experiments were conducted to determine whether taking a particular
drug regularly would decrease the chance of getting a certain disease. For each of the experiments, the
drug effect is the difference between the proportion of people taking the drug who got the disease and
the proportion of people taking a placebo who got the disease. If the drug had no effect whatsoever,
which of the following experimental results would be anticipated?

I.​ p-values will be greater than 0.05 for about 95 percent of the experiments.
II.​ There will be about an equal number of experiments showing positive and negative values of drug
effect.
III.​ When 95 percent confidence intervals for the population drug effect are constructed, those
confidence intervals include 0 about 95 percent of the time.

Responses

A
I only

B
II only

C
III only

D
I and II only

E
I, II and III

A one-sample

z
-test for a population proportion will be conducted using a simple random sample selected without
replacement from a population. Which of the following is a check for independence?

Responses

A
np0≥10

and

n(1−p0)≥10

for sample size

and population proportion

p0

B
Each sample proportion value is less than or equal to 0.5.

C
The sample size is more than 10 times the population size.

D
The population size is more than 10 times the sample size.

E
The population distribution is approximately normal.

Answer A

Incorrect. This is a check that the sampling distribution of the sample proportion is
approximately normal. It is not a check for independence.