Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 1
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Electrical Engineering
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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 2
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What is engineering? a r t
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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 3
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What is engineering? a r t
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What images come to mind when you
“engineer” or “engineering”? ri
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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 4
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What is engineering? (cont.)
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“The science concerned Y with putting
knowledge to practical uses ” rin
scientific

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(Webster New World Dictionary)

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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 5
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What is engineering? (cont.)
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"Engineering is the profession in which knowledge r t of
the mathematical and natural sciences gained
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study, experience, and practice is
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applied with
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judgment to develop ways
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materials and forces of nature
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(Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, ABET)

E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 6

 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What is engineering? (cont.)
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• Engineering is problem solving. a r t
• The field of engineering Ü e p
is dedicated to solving
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the problems of our ever-changing
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• Their work is the link between
a need or problem and aesolution.
• Engineers focus n
i n
ongmaking things
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work more efficiently.
• They doic
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c t
sciences
r this by using advanced mathematics, the
and engineering principles.
E l e Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 7
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What is an engineer?
me
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“A person skilled or occupied in some branches of
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engineering”
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(Webster New World Dictionary)

E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 8

 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Where does the word “engineer ” come e
from? r t m
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From the Latin word “ingenium”Ü D
meaning esomething
like “ingenuity” .T
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(Webster New World Dictionary)

E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 9

 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What is science?
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study, and experimentation Ü e p
“Systematized knowledge derived from observation,
carried on in order to
determine the nature or.T . gofDwhat is being
principles
studied” Y rin
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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 10
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What is the difference between an
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engineer and a scientist? a r t
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A scientist's goal is to learn D
fundamental
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An engineer's goal is to use thosei n truths to solve
practical problems.
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In some r
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areas of theoretical engineering, the

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distinction is very blurry.
E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 11
 What is the difference between an engineer and
a scientist?
Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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• Scientist: Scientists aim to expand knowledge by
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understanding natural phenomena and discovering
new facts about the world. Their work involves a r t
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forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and e p
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developing theories to explain how things work.
• Engineer: Engineers use scientific principles to apply
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knowledge for practical purposes. Their goal is to
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solve real-world problems by designing and building
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systems, structures, or products. They focus on
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i ca
innovation and implementation rather than discovery.

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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 12
 What is the difference between an engineer and
a scientist?
Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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• Scientist: The objective is to advance scientific
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knowledge through research and experimentation. For
example, a scientist might study how different a r t
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materials react under stress to develop a better e p
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understanding of their properties.
• Engineer: The objective is to create functional
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solutions based on scientific knowledge. Using the
g i n
scientist’s research on materials, an engineer might
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design a bridge or a building that utilizes the material’s
l
i ca
properties for optimal performance..

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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 13
 What is the difference between an engineer and
a scientist?
Introduction to Electrical Engineering

• Scientist: Scientists often engage in theoretical en

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research, focusing on asking questions, rtm
p a
conducting experiments, and publishing
.Ü D e results
that contribute to broader
Y .T understanding.
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• Engineer: Engineers are more r i practical and
eoften working with
applied in their approach,
i n e
constraints such asgcost, materials, safety, and
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efficiency to lproduce tangible outcomes like
i ca
machines,
c t r devices, or infrastructure.

E l e Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 14

 What is the difference between an engineer and
a scientist?
Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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• Scientist: Scientists use the scientific
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method—making observations, forming
a r t
hypotheses, conducting experiments, and
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.
analyzing data to draw conclusions.
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• Engineer: Engineers follow the engineering
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design process, which involves identifying a
g i n
problem, brainstorming solutions,
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prototyping, testing, and refining designs to
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develop a final product.
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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 15
 What is the difference between an engineer and
a scientist?
Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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• Scientist: Scientists are often found in
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laboratories, research institutions, or academic
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environments, where they focus on experiments
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and theoretical exploration.
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• Engineer: Engineers work in a wide range of
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environments, including design offices,

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construction sites, manufacturing plants, and

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industries where they bring ideas to life through

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construction, manufacturing, or programming.
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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 16
 What is the difference between an engineer and
a scientist?
Introduction to Electrical Engineering
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• Scientist: The outcome of a scientist’s work isen
often knowledge or a discovery, such asra t m
new scientific principle or theory. ep
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• Engineer: The outcome T. Ü D
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is usually a practical solution, such as a new
device, technology,in oreinfrastructure that
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solves a specific
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E l e Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 17
 What is the difference between an engineer and
a scientist?
Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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• A scientist may research the properties of
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new materials at the atomic level.
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• An engineer uses that knowledge to design
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stronger, lighter materials for aircraft or cars.
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In summary, scientists are primarily concerned
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g i n
with understanding the "why", while engineers
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focus on the "how"—applying that
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understanding to create practical solutions.
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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 18
 What is the difference between an engineer and
a scientist?
Introduction to Electrical Engineering

• A biologist (scientist) might study the behavior of viruses, trying to n

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understand how they infect human cells, replicate, and evolve over e
r t
time. Their research could involve identifying the genetic structure
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of the virus or investigating how it interacts with the immune
system. The outcome of their work is new scientific p
about how the virus works. Ü e
. hand,gmightDuse that
knowledge

• A biomedical engineer, on the.T

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knowledge to design and develop
other
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a vaccine or antiviral medication

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that can prevent or treat infections caused by the virus. Their goal
medical device—that can bein
would be to create a practical solution—such as a vaccine, drug, or
virus and save lives.
n g used in healthcare to combat the

In this case, the scientistEfocuses on understanding the virus, while the

engineer uses thata
implemented inic
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understanding to create a solution that can be

c t r the real world.

E l e Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 19

 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What does an engineer do? me
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• Addresses global problems
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• Solves problems Y ring
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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 20
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What does an engineer do? (cont.) me
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For example : Food shortage
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This is a worldwide problem,.T . g
and engineers D
are working to
develop ways to address thisY [Link]
n documented
the lifecycle of various fruits and
e e vegetables. Using this

certain types of fruitsn and

i
information, engineers inventedn ways to genetically engineer
g vegetables. Their efforts
increase crop yieldsl E
so more food is available for people to
i a
eat. Engineerscalso use their knowledge to address other
t r
agriculture-related
c issues like proper irrigation, effective

E l e
pesticides and efficient farm machinery.
Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 21
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What does an engineer do? (cont.) me
a r t
• Engineers build things we see
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Engineers build things we.T
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don’t evengnotice
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•
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• Engineering touches everye e of our lives
facet
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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 22
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What is electrical engineering? me
a r t
“Engineering connected with the science or use of
Ü e p
electricity”
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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 23
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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What does an electrical engineer do? m e
a r t
• Research and development
Ü e p
• Design T.
. ing D
• Manufacturing
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e e
• Sales
g i n
• Management En

ca l
t r i
l e c Adapted from lectures by Dr. M. Sami Fadali

E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 24

 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Electrical Engineering Disciplines me
a r t
• Analog and Digital Electronics
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Bioelectronics Engineering
Computer Engineering
• Control Systems
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Digital Signal Processing
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•
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Electronic Circuit Design Engineering
Energy Conversion
•
i ca
Image Processing
•
e c tr
Instrumentation Engineering

E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 25

 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Electrical Engineering Disciplines (cont.) m e
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• Microelectronic and VLSI Engineering pa
• Microprocessor SystemsÜ Engineering e
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• Photonic Engineering
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• Microwave Engineering
r i n
• Power Electronics e e
• Electromagnetics in
• Power Systems n
g
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• Solid-state lEngineering
i ca
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• Communications Engineering

E l e Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 26

 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Electromagnetics me
a r t
Electromagnetics deals with the transfer of energy
Ü e p
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by radiation, such as light waves, and radio waves,
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and the interaction of such radiation with matter.

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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 27
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Electromagnetics (cont.) me
Some Applications a r t
Ü e p
• Radio and TV. .T. g D
• Cellular telephones. Y r i n
• Computers.
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• Electric Machinery. in
• Superconductors ng
l E
i ca
c t r
E l e Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 28
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Power Systems Engineering me
a r t
The power systems field is concerned with the
Ü e p
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generation, transmission, and distribution of
electrical energy.
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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 29
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Power Systems Engineering (cont.) me
a r t
Some Applications
Ü e p
.T. g D
• Power plants
Y
• Large electric generators
r i n
• Protection e e
• Alternative energy g i n
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ca l
t r i
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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 30
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Communications me
The field of communications encompasses a r t
e
transmission of information by signals through wired
Ü p
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and wireless links and networks. The information may
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be voice, images (still photographs and drawings),
e
video, data, software, or text messages.
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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 31
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Communications (cont.) me
a r t
Some Applications
Ü e p
• Cellular phone .T. g D
Y r
• Global Positioning System (GPS) i n
• Internet e e
i
• Satellite data networks
g n
E n
ca l
t r i
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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 32
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Signal Processing m e
a r t
Ü
signals so that they can be transmitted
p
The field of signal processing involves manipulating
e
with greater
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accuracy, speed, reliability, and efficiency.

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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 33
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Signal Processing (cont.) me
a r t
Some Applications
Ü e p
.
• High-Definition TelevisionT. (HDTV) g D
• Speech recognition
Y r i n
• Noise cancellation e e
• Radar, Sonar
g i n
E n
ca l
t r i
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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 34
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Controls m e
The field of automatic control spans a wide rangea r t of
technologies, from aerospace to health care.
Ü e p The main
goal of automatic control T .
technology isDto automatically
.
Y underrinboth
guide or regulate a system
g steady-state and
transient conditions.
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g i n
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E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 35
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Controls (cont.) me
a r t
Some Applications
Ü e p
• Space shuttle .T. g D
• Submarine
Y r i n
• Medical robotic systemsee
i
• Active suspension system
g n
E n
ca l
t r i
l e c
E Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 36
 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

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Choices me
a r t
As reminder, your choices allow you to specialize in
Ü
one or more areas of Electrical Engineering. e p
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E l Dr. Said Mirza TERCAN 37