Indian Institute of Science
ME 261: Final Exam
Date: 7/12/16.
Duration: 9.30 a.m.–12.30 p.m.
Maximum Marks: 100
Solve (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), and (7, 8, 9) as two ‘bunches’ so that it is easier for us
to grade.
1. Let S be symmetric and positive definite (in three-dimensional space) and (10)
(a) S d = W SW T , W ∈ Skw.
(b) S d = A−1 SA, A invertible and such that S d is symmetric.
Determine in each of the above cases whether S d is positive definite. Justify
your answers.
2. Prove that T : S = 0 for all S ∈ Sym if and only if T ∈ Skw. (10)
3. Let V denote the domain, S its surface and n the normal to the surface (20)
S. Further, let b(x) and T (x) be vector- and tensor-valued fields on V ,
respectively, and t = T n be a vector-valued field defined on the surface S.
By integrating the equations
(∇x · T ) ⊗ x + b ⊗ x = 0,
over the domain
R V ,Rand with the useRof the divergence theorem, find a relation
between V T dV , S t ⊗ x dS and V b ⊗ x dV .
For the domain shown in Fig. 1, given that tx = ty = 0 on z = 0, tz =
(x2 + y 2 − a2 ) on z = 0, t = 0 on all the remaining surfaces,
R and b = −b0 ez ,
find using the relation that you have derived above V Tzz dV /V0 , where V0
is the volume of the cylinder.
4. Solve the following first order differential equation (an implicit solution is (10)
acceptable):
dy x3 y 4 + 2x
=− 4 3 .
dx x y + 4y
5. Given that y1 = x + 1 and y2 = 1/x are the complementary solutions of (10)
x(1 + 2x)y ′′(x) + 2(1 + x)y ′(x) − 2y(x) = 2x.
find the general solution of the above equation. Do not use the formulae
from the notes directly. You need not evaluate any integrals that arise, but
the integrands should be stated explicitly.
z
Figure 1: Domain V which is circular cylinder of radius a and height L with
the z-axis along the axis of the cylinder.
6. This question leads you through an alternative way of solving a nonhomo- (20)
geneous system of ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients.
Let the system of equations be given by
v ′ + Av = f (x), (1)
where A is an n × n (constant) matrix, and the prime denotes differentiation
with respect to x. Let A be such that it possesses n linearly independent
eigenvectors ui (not necessarily normalized to unit magnitude) corresponding
to the eigenvalues λi , i = 1, 2, . . . , n.
(a) Verify whether
n
X
v(x) = ci e−λi x ui ,
i=1
where the ci are constants, is a solution to the homogeneous form of
Eqn. (1), i.e., f = 0.
(b) The above homogeneous solution can be written in matrix form as
v(x) = X(x)c, where X is a matrix with e−λi x ui along the columns,
and c is a vector of constants, i.e.,
c1
c2
X = e−λ1 x u1 | e−λ2 x u2 | . . . | e−λn x un , c =
. . . .
. . .
cn
(c) Use the method of variation of parameters whereby you write v =
X(x)z(x), and find a general solution to Eqn. (1) in terms of X, f
and c, where c is a vector of constants as in the above equation.
2
(d) Noting the fact that the above procedure works even when the eigenval-
ues are complex-valued, use the above solution that you have derived
to solve Eqn. (1) when
2x
0 1 e
A= , f= x .
−1 0 e
You need not evaluate any integrals that arise (again state the integrand
explicitly).
7. Using a suitable contour evaluate the following integral (show all the steps (7)
and state all the theorems used clearly):
∞
x1/3
Z
I= dx.
0 (x + 2)(x + 1)
8. Using a suitable contour evaluate the following integral (show all the steps (7)
clearly and state all the theorems used ):
Z ∞
cos x − cos a
I= dx, a is real.
−∞ x2 − a2
9. Given the Bromwich integral (6)
Z γ+i∞
1 st −1 2as
F (s)e ds, find f (t) = L .
2πi γ−i∞ (s2 + a2 )2