IT Book

d{kk -VI
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vè;k;&1 dEI;wVj dk ifjp; 1-3

dEI;wVj dh fo'ks"krk,
dEI;wVj dh mi;ksfxrk
gkMZos;j vkSj lkWÝVos;j
dEI;wVj ds ?kVd

vè;k;&2 ,sMqckWl 4-6

,sMqckWl dk ifjp;
,sfIyds'ku dks dSls pyk,a
Qkby czkmtj foaMksa ?kVd

vè;k;&3 VsDLV laiknd 7-8

Qkby dks cukuk vkSj lso djuk

ekStwnk Qkby dk lEiknu djuk

vè;k;&4 VDl isUV@dksyj isUV 9-10

VDl isUV@dksyj isUV ds lkFk fiDpj dh isafVax

csfld isafVaax VwYl vkSj VsdfuDl
dSyD;wysVj

vè;k;&5 vksiu vkWfQl jkbZVj 11-14

,d u;k nLrkost cukuk

'kCn dh tkap vkSj 'kCn <q<auk
QkWjesfVax VsDLV

vè;k;&6 vksiu vkWfQl bEizsl 15-21

ubZ Lrqfr cukuk

dk;ZLFkku n`';
LykbM laiknu
QkWjesfVax VsDLV

vè;k;&7 bUVjusV dk ifjp;

22-23
bUVjusV D;k gS\
bUVjusV dk bfrgkl
bUVjusV ls ykHk

vè;k;&8 VkbZfiax dk vH;kl 24-26

VkbZfiax vH;kl }kjk gkFkksa dk vuqHko

dh&cksMZ (Keyboard) dk ifjp;
 vè;k;&1
dEI;w V j dk ifjp;

dEI;w V j dh ifjHkk"kk (Definition of Computer)

lk/[Link]% dEI;w V j dks ds o y Compute vFkok Calculate djus dh e'khu le>k tkrk gS
vfirq bldh lgk;rk ls vus d dk;Z _ tS l s & MkW D ;w e s U V es a la ' kks / u] fp=k] xz k W Q ] Hkk"kkvks a dks
ifjorZ u djuk] vkS j gj rjg ds dk;ks ± dks fcuk xyrh fd, rq j a r fd;k tk ldrk gS A
dEI;w V j dh ,d ,s l s bys D VªkWf ud ;a = k ds :i es a O;k[;k dh tk ldrh gS tks ]
· ;w t + j }kjk fn, x, MkVk dks Lohdkj djrk gS A
· ;w t + j }kjk fn, x, MkVk funs Z ' kks a dk ikyu o mUgs a lgs t dj j[krk gS A
dEI;w V j dh fo'ks " krk,¡ (Characteristic of Computer)
dEI;w V j es a fuEu fo'ks " krk,¡gks r h gS a tks mles a bLrs e ky fd;s tk jgs iz k s x z k e ij fuHkZ j djrh gS A
xfr (Speed) pw ¡fd dEI;w V j ,d Electronic e'khu gS ] vr% mldh Speed mruh gh gks r h gS ftruh dja V dh ,d LFkku ls nw l js
LFkku ij igq ¡p us ds fy, gks r h gS ] blfy, dEI;w V j dh xfr dks micro o
nanosecond ds ekè;e ls ekik tkrk gS A
ifjJeh (Diligence) dEI;w V j vR;a r ifjJeh gks r s gS a vFkkZ r ~ ;s fn;s x;s
dk;Z dks iw j k gks u s rd yxkrkj fcuk Fkds dbZ ?ka V ks a rd dk;Z djrs jg ldrs gS a A
vpw d rk (Accuracy) dEI;w V j lnS o vpw d gks r s gS a A ;fn dks b Z pw d gks r h gS
rks og fuf'pr gh ;w t + j }kjk xyr MkVk ;k xyr dek.M ns u s ds dkj.k gks r h gS A
cgq e q [ kh (Versatility) vkt ds vk/q f ud dEI;w V jks a }kjk vus d iz d kj ds
dk;ks ± dks fd;k tkrk gS _ tS l s & Accounting Graphic Designing,
Book Publishing, News Paper Printing Embroidery, Game Internet, Cartoon Movies, tS l s vus d dk;ks ± dks
dEI;w V j ij vR;Ur vklkuh ls fd;k tkrk gS A
L ks j s t (Storage) bles a ;ks X ;rk gks r h gS fd ;s lw p uk,¡ys ldrk gS o mu lw p ukvks a dks Hkfo"; es a mi;ks x ds fy, lq j f{kr djrk gS A
dEI;w V j dh mi;ks f xrk (Basic Applications of Computers)
· Payslip, Invoice o Receipt vkfn ds fuekZ . k ,oa vknku&iz n ku es a A
· dherka s o dherka s ds fu/kZ j .k ds fu;a = k.k gs r q A
· fofHkUu iz d kj ds accounts dks maintain djus ds fy, o cS a d ks ds fund dks ,d LFkku ls nw l js LFkku ij gLrka r fjr djus
ds fy,A
· vkW f Qlks a es a fofHkUu iz d kj dh lw p ukvks a o O;fDrxr tkudkfj;ks a dks store djus ds fy,
· lM+ d ks a ij mi;ks x gks u s okys VªSf Qd flXuy vkfn ij fu;a = k.k j[kus ds fy,A
· cM+ h ba M LVªht vkfn es a e'khuks a o jks c ks V ~ l ij fu;=ka . k j[kus ds fy,A
· bekjrks a ] cka / ks (Dams) o vU; fuekZ . k dk;ks Z dh enn ds fy,A
· O;olk; es a Stock o Sales dk fglkc j[kus vkfn ds fy,A
· 'kkldh; ,oa v'kkldh; la L Fkkuks a es a chek o LVkW d cz s f da x flLVe ds fy,A
gkMZ o s ; j (Hardware) dEI;w V j ds os lHkh bys D VªkWf ud] fo|q r h; vkS j ;ka f =kd vo;o ftUgs a ns [ kk ;k Nq v k tk ldrk gS ]
gkMZ o s ; j dgykrs gS a _ tS l s & dh&cks M Z ] ekml] ekW f uVj] lhih;w ] ds c y vkfnA
dEI;w V j ds gkMZ o s ; j dks ge rhu Hkkxks a es a ck¡V ldrs gS a &
1- buiq V fMokbl (Input Device)
2- iz k s l s f la x fMokbl (Processing Device)
3- vkmViq V fMokbl (Output Device)
1
lkW Ý Vos ; j (Software) lkW Ý Vos ; j iz k s x z k eks a dk lS V gks r k gS A iz k s x z k e mu funs Z ' kks a ds lS V gks r s gS a tks fdlh fo'ks " k
leL;k dks gy djus ds fy, dEI;w V j dks fn, tkrs gS a A vr% ge dg ldrs gS a fd lkW Ý Vos ; j dEI;w V j iz k s x z k e dk uke
gS A cktkj es a dbZ iz d kj ds lkW Ý Vos ; j miyC/ gS a _ tS l s & vkW i js f Va x flLVe&MkW l ] ;w f uDl vkfn_ ;w f VfyVh iz k s x z k e]
,fIyds ' ku iz k s x z k e&,eú,lú vkW f Ql] dks j y MªkW] ,MkW c Qks V ks ' kkW i vkfnA gkMZ o s ; j vkS j lkW Ý Vos ; j nks u ks a ,d nw l js ds
la x r (compatible) gS a A vr% dEI;w V j bues a ls fdlh ,d ds fcuk Hkh dk;Z ugha dj ldrkA
dEI;w V j ds ?kVd (Components of Computer)
ekml (Mouse) : ekml ,d ikW b a f Va x buiq V fMokbl gS A bldk iz ; ks x ikW b a V j dks LØhu ij pykus rFkk fpÉks a ;k oLrq v ks a dks ba f xr
(point) djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS A
dh&cks M Z ( Keyboard) : dh&cks M Z vkids gkFk dh rjg gS A dEI;w V j es a MkVk vkS j funs Z ' k Mkyus ds fy, bldk mi;ks x fd;k tkrk
gS A dEI;w V j ds dh&cks M Z }kjk ge [Link] ] la [ ;k,¡vkS j fo'ks " k fpÉ Vkbi dj ldrs gS a A
ekW f uVj (Monitor): ekW f uVj ;k foT;q v W y fMLiys ;w f uV ij (VDU) dEI;w V j es a iz ; ks x gks u s okys buiq V va ' kks a dks Vkbi gks r s gq ,
ns [ kk tk ldrk gS vkS j ;s dEI;w V j ls la n s ' k iz k Ir djus es a vkmViq V fMokbl ds :i es a Hkh dke djrs gS a A
gkMZ fMLd(Hard Disk) : gkMZ fMLd ,d dBks j vkS j pq a c dRo ds iz f r la o s n h fMLd gks r h gS tks dEI;w V j ds va n j rs t h ls vkS j yxkrkj
?kw e rh gS A
ÝykW i h fMLd(Floppy disk) : ÝykW i h fMLd Qs j ks e S X us f Vd inkFkZ dh lrg;q D r ,d IykfLVd fQYe ls cuh gks r h gS a vkS j ypdnkj
IykfLVd tS d s V ls <dh gks r h gS a A MkVk ,d gh ds a n z okys ?ks j ks a es a LVks j jgrk gS A bu ?ks j ks a dks ^VªSd * dgrs gS a A ;g iz R ;{k ,Dls l LVks j s t
fMokbl gS A
dEI;w V j es e ks j h(Computer Memory)
dEI;wVj eseksjh gkMZo;sj dk gh ,d fgLlk gS ftlds vUnj ge vius MsVk dks LVksj@laxzg dj ldrs gSaA
izkbejh eseksjh (Primary Memory) tc ge dEI;wVj dks funsZ'k ns jgs gksrs gSa rc og
vko';d lwpukvksa dks vLFkkbZ :i ls vius vUnj ,d fuf'pr LFkku Ikj bdV~Bk dj ysrk gS rkfd
vkmViqV nsus esa tgka vko';d gks budk iz;ksx dj ldsaA bu lwpukvksa dks vLFkkbZ :i ls bdV~Bk djus
okys LFkku dks izkbejh eseksjh dgrs gSaA
[Link] eseksjh (Secondary Memory)
dks LFkk;h :i ls lso@laxzg dj ldrs gSaA ftldks Hkfo"; esa tc t:jr gks rc iz;ksx esa yk ldrsa gSaA bl eseksjh esa MsVk dks lso djus ds
ckn ;fn dEI;wVj can Hkh gks tkrk gS rks MsVk dk uqdlku ugha gksxk vkSj nksckjk dEI;wVj [kksyus ds ckn vki vius MsVk dks iqu% izkIr
dj ldrs gSaA [Link] eseksjh esa MsVk dks LVksj djus dh cgqr vko';drk vuqlkj vkSj c<+k Hkh ldrs gSaA
jsaMe ,Dlsl eseksjh (jSe) Random Access Memory (RAM)% jSe (RAM) dk iwjk uke jsaMe ,Dlsl eseksjh gSA
;s iz;ksxdrkZ rFkk dEI;wVj ds lhih;w ds n~okjk orZeku esa iz;ksx gksus okys izksxzkeksa dks vLFkk;h :i ls LVksj djrh gSA tc vki dEI;wVj
vkWu djrs gks] rks jSe [kkyh gksrh gSA blesa rc rd dksbZ MkVk ;k tkudkjh ugha gksrh] tc rd fd vki dksbZ izksxzke [kksyrs ;k yksM ugha
djrs gksA tc vki ,d izksxzke dks [kksyrs gSa] rks ;s ,DLVuZy LVksjst fMokbl ls vkdj jSe esa LFkkfir gks
tkrs gSaA
jhM vks u yh es e ks j h (jks e ) Read Only Memory (ROM) % jks e ,d jhM vks u yh es e ks j h gS A bldk
vFkZ gS fd vki MkVk dks ds o y i<+ ldrs gS a ] ys f du vki bl ij fy[k ugha ldrs vkS j vki bldks fdlh Hkh
iz d kj ls ifjofrZ r ugha dj ldrs A tc dEI;w V j pyk;k tkrk gS ] rks bls dq N tkudkfj;ks a dh vko';drk gks r h gS A ;s tkudkfj;k¡jks e es a
LVks j gks r h gS a A jks e dk mi;ks x tkudkfj;ks a dks LVks j djus
es e ks j h dh bdkbZ (Units of Memory)
dEI;wVj esa MsVk LVksjst+ dh ,d fo'ks"k bdkbZ gksrh gSA fcV/Bit dEI;wVj eseksjh dh lcls NksVh bdkbZ gSA
,d fcV ;k rks 0 ;k 1 dks n'kkZrk gS vkSj fcV~l ds la;kstu ls ckbV~l] fdykckbV~l curs gSaA
1 fuCcy = 4 fcV~l 1 ckbV = 8 fcV~l
1 fdyksckbV (KB) = 1024 ckbV~l 1 esxkckbV (MB) = 1024 dsch
1 fxxkckbV (GB) = 1024 ,ech 1 VsjkckbV = 1024 thch
2
 ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS ] ftUgs a cnyus dh vko';drk ugha gks r h gS vFkkZ r ~ tc vki dEI;w V j ca n djrs gS a ] rks tkudkfj;k¡feVrh ugha gS a A
jks e es a dkW y e vkS j jks Hkh gks r h gS a A ;s cgq r lLrh rFkk fo'oLuh; gks r h gS a ] ys f du bls ds o y i<+ k tk ldrk gS A
buiq V fMokbl (Input Devices)
buiq V fMokbl ds }kjk dEI;w V j ckgj ls funs Z ' k vkS j MkVk xz g .k djrk gS A
dh&cks M Z (Keyboard) : dh&cks M Z vkids gkFk dh rjg gS A dEI;w V j es a MkVk vkS j funs Z ' k Mkyus ds fy, bldk mi;ks x fd;k tkrk gS A
dEI;w V j ds dh&cks M Z }kjk ge [Link] ] la [ ;k,¡vkS j fo'ks " k fpÉ Vkbi dj ldrs gS a A dEI;w V j LØhu ij
Vkbi fd;k x;k fpÉ dlZ j (cursor) ds ikl fn[kkbZ iM+ r k gS A dlZ j ^dh*] fMyhV ;k cS d Lis l
^dh*] ,a V j ;k fjVuZ ^dh*] Qa D 'ku ^dh* vkS j nw l jh fof'k"V ^dh* }kjk dEI;w V j dks funs Z ' k fn;k
tkrk gS A
ekml (Mouse) : ekml ,d ikW b a f Va x buiq V fMokbl gS A bldk iz ; ks x ikW b a V j dks LØhu ij pykus rFkk fpÉks a ;k oLrq v ks a dks ba f xr
(point) djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS A bles a nks ;k rhu cVu gks r s gS a A ekml ,d ckW y ij xfr djrk gS A ;g fpduh lrg ij f[kldrk gS A
vr% bls ekml iS M dh vko';drk gks r h gS A bldk iz ; ks x fp=k cukus vkS j dlZ j dks LØhu ij pykdj
^vkW I 'ku* flys D V djus ds fy, gks r k gS A
VªSd ckW y (Track Ball) : ;g ekml tS l h gh gks r h gS A bles a va r j ds o y ;g gS fd ckW y ] Vªsd ckW y ds
Åij fLFkr gks r h gS vkS j ;g Ms L d ij fLFkr jgrh gS ] tcfd iz ; ks x drkZ ckgj fudyrh gq b Z ckW y dks
pykdj LØhu ij ikW b a V j dks fu;a f =kr djrk gS A yS i VkW i dEI;w V j es a ;g dh&cks M Z ds va n j cuh jgrh gS A ckW y dks pykdj vkbVe dks
flys D V fd;k tkrk gS A
tkW ; fLVd (Joystick ) : dEI;w V j ij xs e [ks y us ds fy, tkW ; fLVd ,d fiz ; fMokbl gS A ;g dkj ds fx;j
cnyus okys yhoj tS l k fn[kkbZ iM+ r k gS A iz ; ks x drkZ blds }kjk dlZ j dks LØhu ij pyk ldrk gS A dHkh&dHkh
bldk iz ; ks x dEI;w V j }kjk fMt+ k bu cukus ds fy, Hkh gks r k gS A
Vp LØhu (Touch Screen) : Vp LØhu }kjk iz ; ks x drkZ viuh m¡x yh }kjk LØhu dh lrg ij fdlh fof'k"V
'kCn] la [ ;k ;k LFkku dks Nw d j MkVk buiq V djrk gS A LØhu ij ls a l j Nq , x, LFkku dks igpku ys r k gS vkS j mldh
lw p uk dEI;w V j dks ns ns r k gS A Vp LØhu ij iz ; ks x eq [ ;r% tyiku x` g ks a ] fjVs y LVks j ks a vkfn LFkkuks a ij vkW V ks e S f Vd
Vs y j e'khuks a es a gks r k gS A
LdS u j (Scanner) : vktdy LdS u j cgq r lkekU; gks x, gS a A ;s Nis gq , eS V j dks i<+ ldrs gS a vkS j
mudh O;k[;k dj ldrs gS a rFkk bls ,s l s QkW e s Z V es a cny ldrs gS a ftldh O;k[;k dEI;w V j }kjk dh tk
ldrh gS ] eq [ ; :i ls [Link]± d ks a vkS j fMftV okys fp=kks a dhA nw l js 'kCnks a es a ] ;g gkMZ dkW i h ls lkW Ý V dkW i h cuk
ldrk gS ] ftls dEI;w V j ls i<+ k tk ldrk gS A LdS u dh tkus okyh bes t dks b Z Hkh gks ldrh gS _

vkmViq V fMokbl (Output Devices) vkmViqV fMokbl ds ekè;e ls dEI;wVj lwpuk dks
ckgjh la l kj es a Hks t rk gS A lokZ f /d lkekU; vkmViq V fMokbl ekW f uVj vkS j fiz a V j gS a A vkmViq V dks LØhu ;k dkxt ij iz k Ir dj ldrs gS a A

LØhu vkmViq V (Screen Output) : ekW f uVj ;k foT;q v W y fMLiys ;w f uV ij (VDU) dEI;w V j es a iz ; ks x gks u s okys buiq V va ' kks a dks
Vkbi gks r s gq , ns [ kk tk ldrk gS vkS j ;s dEI;w V j ls la n s ' k iz k Ir djus es a vkmViq V fMokbl ds :i es a Hkh dke djrs gS a A ekW f uVj 'os r &';ke
;k ja x hu Vhoh tS l s LØhu ij Vs D LV ;k xz k fQDl ds :i es a [Link] fn[kkrk gS A ge Vs D LV n'kkZ u s okys ekW f uVj ds fy, jks (row) vkS j dkW y e
(column) dk rFkk xz k fQDl n'kkZ u s okys ekW f uVjks a ds fy, fca n q v ks a (dots) dk iz ; ks x djrs gS a A
ykbu fiz a V j (Line Printer) : ykbu fiz a V j ,d le; es a Vs D LV dh ,d ykbu Nkirs gS a A ;s ,d feuV es a
300 ls 3000 ykbus a Nki ldrs gS a A Mªe fia z V j vkS j ps u fia z V j] ykbu fia z V j ds mnkgj.k gS a A Mªe fia z V j 'kks j djus
okys rFkk ega x s gks r s gS a A ;s ,d feuV es a 200 ls 2000 ykbus a Nki ldrs gS a A bues a v{kjks a dh ia f Dr Mªe ij
mHkkjh tkrh gS A
dS j s D Vj fia z V j (Character Printer) : dS j s D Vj fia z V j ,d ckj es a ,d v{kj Nkirs gS a A ;s ykbu fia z V j
dh rq y uk es a de xfr ds gks r s gS a A ;s ,d feuV es a 30 ls 300 v{kj Nki ldrs gS a A MkW V eS f VªD l rFkk Ms t h Oghy
fia z V j] dS j s D Vj fia z V j ds mnkgj.k gS a A MkW V eS f VªD l fia z V j es a 7] 9] 14] 18] 24 lew g dh ya c or~ (vertical) fiu gks r h gS A
 vè;k;&2
,sMqckWl
,sMqckWl dk ifjp;
Eduboss mu fo'ks"krkvksa ds lkFk vkrk gS tks çkFkfed vkSj ekè;fed Ldwy ds okrkoj.k ds fy, mi;qDr gSA Eduboss ,d
GNU/Linux lh-MSd }kjk develop fd;k x;k gSA ;g Ldwyksa esa f'k{k.k@fl[kkus ds fy, Operating System ds :i esa ç;ksx gksrk gSA
MsLdVkWi ds eq[; ?kVd
MsLdVkWi ds eq[; ?kVd(Components) mlds Icons (vkbdul) vkSj Ldhu ds mij vkSj uhps ds iSuy gksrs gSA

Ms L dVkW i vkbdu
Ms L dVkW i ds fMQkW Y V vkbdu fuEu gS A
VªS' k (Trash) - bles a Qkbys vkS j Qks Y Mj gks r s gS ftUgs a feVk (Delete) fn;k tkrk gS A
Computer& ;s ges a da E iw ; Vj ds midj .k ks a (Device) d s ckjs es a tkudkjh ns r k gS tS l s gkMZ o s ; j] us V odZ ] vkW i js f Va x flLVe ,
gkMZ fMLd] Qks Y Mjl bR;kfnA
Home (gks e )& ;s gks e Qks Y Mj es a iM+ h Qkbys vkS j Qks Y Mjl dks fn[kkrk gS A
Panel (iS u y)& iS u y vkerkS j ij Ldz h u ds mij ;k uhps fn[kkbZ ns r k gS A ;g, tks Application dEiw ; Vj ij py (Run) jgh
gks r h gS mlds ckjs es a tkudkjh çnku djrk gS A vxj vki Mouse pointer dks iS u y ds mij iM+ s Icon ij ys tkrs gS , ,d Nks V k
description ml ds ckjs es a tkudkjh ns r k gS A
Ÿ DykW d (Clock) ;g Ms L dVkW i LØhu ij uhps dh rjiQ nk;ha vks j fn[kkbZ ns r h gS ftlds }kjk vki le; vkS j fnuka d dks
dEI;w V j es a ns [ k ldrs gS a A
Ÿ OkkWY;we daVªksy (Volume Control) ;g vkbdu ckWVe iSuy ds nk;ha rjQ fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA OkkWY;we daVªksy vkbdu Lihdj
ds okWY;we vFkkZr vkokt+ dks fu;f=kar djus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Ÿ foUMks lysDVj (Window Selector) ;g vkbdu ckWVe iSuy ds nk;ha rjQ fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA blds }kjk fHkUu&fHkUu
odZLisl ij py jgs izksxzkEl dks lysDV djds pyk ldrs gSaA
Ÿ 'kks MsLdVkWi (Show Desktop) ;g vkbdu ckWVe iSuy ds ck;ha rjiQ fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bl vkbdu ij fDyd djus ij
lHkh [kqyh gqbZ foUMks fNi (fn[kkbZ ugha nsrh gS) tkrh gSa vkSj ,MqckWl MsLdVkWi LØhu fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
Ÿ OkdZLisl fLopj (Workspace Switcher) ckWVe iSusy ds nkfguh rjQ vUr esa ,d vkbdu gS tks fHkUu&fHkUu
,MqckWl MsLdVkWi LØhu dks fn[kkrk gSA ;fn vki cgqr lkjs izksxzkEl dk lkFk&lkFk iz;ksx djrs gS vkSj vki dqN
izksxzkEl dks ,d MsLdVkWi ij vkSj dqN izksxzkEl dks fdlh nwljs MsLdVkWi ij pykuk pkgrs gaSA rc MsLdVkWi dks fLop (Switch)
djus ds fy,] iSuy (Panel) esa MsLdVkWi flEcy (Desktop symbol) ij fDyd djsaA vkSj nwljs MsLdVki LØhu ij
vius izksxzke pyk;saA
4
ewfoax vkSj LØkWfyax foUMkst+ (Moving & Scrolling Windows) ;fn ,fDVo foUMks esa [kksyk x;k ,fIyds'ku dk ist lkbt LØhu
dh vis{kk cM+k gS rks Lor% nkfguh rjQ dksus esa ,d LØkWy ckj fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gSA bl LØkWy ckj dks Åij (Up)&uhps (Down)
djds ,fIyds'ku ist dks ns[k ldrs gSaA
VkbVy ckj (Title Bar) [kqyh gqbZ foUMks esa Åij dh rjiQ ftlesa Qkby@QksYMj dk uke fefuekbt+] eSfDlekbt+ vkSj Dykst+ cVu
fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa mls VkbZVy ckj dgrs gSaA
fefuekbt+ cVu (Minimize Button) ;g [kqyh gqbZ foUMks ds nk;ha rjQ dksus esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ftl ij fDyd djus ls vki foUMks
dks fefuekbt dj ldrs gSaA fefuekbt+ djus Ikj og foUMks uhps VkWLdckj ij vk tkrh gS ij bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fd og foUMks can
gks xbZ gSA
eSfDlekbt+ cVu (Maximize Button) ;g [kqyh gqbZ foUMksa ds nk;ha rjiQ dksus esa fefuekbt+ vkSj Dykst+ cVu ds chp esa fn[kkbZ
nsrk gSA bl ij fDyd djus ls foUMks iwjh LØhu ij fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gSA
Dykst+ cVu (Close Button) ;g [kqyh gqbZ foUMksa ds nk;ha rjQ Økl fpUg (Cross symbol) ds :i esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bl ij
fDyd djus ls foUMks can gks tkrh gSA

VkbVy ckj Dykst+ cVu

esU;wckj eSfDlekbt+ cVu
fefuekbt+ cVu

LØkWy ckj

,fIyds'ku dks dSls pyk, (Running Application)

,fIyds'ku dks ge nks izdkj ls pyk ldrs gSa%
,fIyds'ku cVu ds }kjk(Running a Application from the
Application Button)
fdlh Hkh ,fIyds'ku dks pykus ds fy, VkWLdckj esa fn;s x;s,fIyds'ku vkWI'ku ij
fDyd djus ij gesa dEI;wVj esa miyC/ ,fIyds'ku fn[ksaxsA mlesa ls tks ,fIyds'ku
vkidks pykuk gS mls ekml dlZj ls lysDV dj fDyd djus ij og ,fIyds'ku pyus
yxsxk vFkkZr Run djus yxsxkA mnkgj.k ds fy, & VsDLV ,fMVj ,fIyds'ku dks ju
djus ds fy,%
Applications-> Accessories-> Text Editor ij fDyd djsaA
dEI;wVj ds }kjk (Running a Application from Computer)
fdlh Hkh ,sfIyds'ku dks ge MsLdVkWi ij igys ls fn;s x;s ,fIyds'ku izksxzkEl ds vkbdu ij Mcy fDyd djds pyk
ldrs gSaA
Exploring Your Computer
Qkby vkSj QksYMlZ dk izca/u
Qkby (File)
gj NksVh ;k cM+h lwpuk Tkks dEI;wVj ij lafpRk dh TkkRkh gS og dEI;wVj Qkby ds uke ls Tkkuh TkkRkh gSA dEI;wVj
uke ^fo"k; oLrq* ls feyrk&tqyrk j[kuk pkfg,A izR;sd esa Qkby dk uke RkFkk nwljk Hkkx ,DLVsU'ku dgykRkk gS foLRkkj uke
Loa; yxk nsRkk gS A

5
QksYMj@Qkby cukuk (Creating File/Folder)
QksYMj
QksYMj cukus ds fy,%
FileCreate Folder ij fDyd djsaAQkby
Qkby cukus ds fy,%
File --> Create Document ds vUnj fn;s x;s fofHkUu fodYiksa esa
lsvius vko';drkuqlkj fdlh Hkh fodYi dks pqudj ml ij fDyddjsaA
bl izdkj vkidh ubZ Qkby cu tk;sxhA

Qkby@QksYMj dkWih ;k ewo djuk

,d QksYMj mlds vUnj dbZ Qkbysa@lc QksYMj Hkh gks ldRks gSaA ftl Qkby dks dkWih@ ewo djuk gks mls igys lysDV dj
ysrs gSaA
Ÿ fQj jkbV cVu fDyd djsa] dV ;k dkWih dk fodYi vko';dRkkuqlkj pqusa ;k lh/s Vwyckj ls dSaph (dV) ;k dkWih ds vkbdu ij fDyd djsa ;k
fQj Åij esuw ckj ls ,fMV dks fDyd dj ds dkWih ;k dV dk fodYi pqusaA
Ÿ dkWih dh xbZ Qkby dks fTkl Mªkbo ;k QksYMj ij dkWih djuk pkgRks gks mls Mcy fDyd djds [kksysa] fiQj odZ ,fj;k dh nkfgusa Hkkx dh RkjiQ
ekml dk nkfguk cVu fDyd djsa ;k Åij Vwyckj esa isLV ds vkbdku ij fDyd djsa ;k mij esuw ckj esa ,fMV ij fDyd djds isLV ij fDyd djsaA
fDyd djRks gh mDRk Mªkbo ;k QksYMj esa okafNRk Qkby ewo ;k dkWih gks Tkk,xhA

Qkby@IkQksYMj dk uke cnyuk ;k gVkuk (Renaming and Deleting file/ folder)

uke cnyuk (Rename)
;fn fdlh Qkby@ QksYMj dk uke cnyuk pkgRks gSa Rkks mls ,d ckj fDyd djds lysDV djsaA ekml IokbUVj ogha ij j[ksa v©j lkFk gh nk;kW cVu fDyd
djsaxs Rkks ,d 'kkVZdV esU;w [kqysxkA ogkWa fj&use ij fDyd djsaxs Rkks ns[ksaxs TkgkaW Qkby ;k QksYMj dk uke fy[kk gS ogkWa dlZj fVefVek (Blink) jgk gksxk]
Rkc mldk uke cny ldRks gSaA uke cnyus dh nwljh fof/ esa vki Åij esU;w ckj ls ,fMV ij fDyd djsa Rkks ,fMV dk esU;w iqy&Mkmu gks Tkk;sxk] ogkWa ls
fj&use ij fDyd djds Hkh Qkby dk uke cnyk Tkk ldRkk gSA
fMyhV djuk (Delete)
fTku Qkby ;k QksYMj dks fMyhV djuk gks mUgsa igys pqu ysa fQj fMyhV&dh nck,A bl izdkj og Qkby ;k QksYMj faMyhV
gks tk;sxkA fMyhV gksus ds ckn og MsLDVkWi ij VªSl iQksYMj esa LVksj gks tkrk gSA tgk¡ls vki pkgs rks ml Qkby ;k QksYMj dks
iqu% mlh LFkku Ikj iqu% izfrLFkkfir Hkh dj ldrs gSaA ;k ges'kk ds fy, fMyhV dj ldrs gSaA

6
 vè;k;&3
VsDLV laiknd
ifjp;
VsDLV laiknd dks VsDLV Qkbysa cukus ds fy;s vkSj la'kks/u djus ds fy;s mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS (tSls dk;ZØe L=kksr (Source) Qkby ds :i
esa)A
,WfIysds'kUl —> ,lsljhl esU;w
,WfIyds'kUl tks VkWi iSuy esa fLFkr gS ogk¡ij ckb± cVu ls fDyd djsaA
ogk¡ij nkb± vksj lc&esuw (Sub-menu) izdV gksrk gSA vc VsDLV laiknd (Text Editor) ds Åij lwpd (pointer)
ys tk,¡vkSj ckb± ekml cVu ij fDyd djsaA
vc Gedit vkosnu 'kq: gksrk gSA

Qkby dks cukuk vkSj lso djuk

tc vkius Qkby esa Vkbfiax djuk lekIr dj fn;k gS rc vki fMLd esa ml Qkby dks lgst ldrs gSaA Qkby Vwyckj tks VsDLV laiknd foaMks esa
Åij fLFkr gS mls nk,¡;k ck,¡ekml cVu ls fDyd djsaA ogk¡ij esuw izdV gksxk — ogk¡ij Save as.... dk p;u djsa rkfd ubZ Qkby lso
(Save) gks tk,A

vc Qkby lso (Save) foaMks (window) izdV gksxhA

lso foaMks (Save window) esa tks use QhYM (Name Field) gSa] mlesa Qkby dk uke Unsaved Document 1 fn;k gS vkSj mlds uhps
'Save in folder' vkidks og QksYMj n'kkZrk gS tgk¡ij Qkby dks j[kk tk;sxkA

vxj vki Qkby dks uke nsuk pkgrs gSa rks vki Unsaved Document 1 dks vius uke ls cny ldrs gSaA fDyd djsa lso (Save) ij rkfd
vki orZeku QksYMj esa Qkby dks lgst ldsaA
ekStwnk Qkby (Existing File) dk lEiknu (Editing) djuk
Qkby iqy&Mkmu esuw dk mi;ksx djsaxs rkfd Qkby dks [kksyk tk, vkSj ge mlesa laiknd dh lgk;rk ds lkFk laiknu dj ldsaA
7
oSdfYid :i ls vki laiknd Vwyckj (Editor toolbar) esa fLFkr vksiu vkbdu (Open icon) ij fDyd djsaA
;g vkidks Qkby dk p;u djus dh vuqefr gSA

dkWih vkSj fpidkuk (Paste)

vki ikB laiknd esa VsDLV dk p;u dj ldrs gSa vkSj Q+kby esa dV ;k isLV dj ldrs gSaA VsDLV dks fpfÉr (Mark) djus ds fy;s ekml lwpd
(Pointer) dks VsDLV ds izkjEHk esa ys tk,¡vkSj ckb± ekml cVu dks uhps ls idM+sA vc ikWbaVj (Pointer) dks [khaps tks fpfÉr VsDLV dh lekfIr
gSa vkSj fQj ogk¡ij cVu dks NksM+s] tks fpfÉr VsDLV gS og fjolZ ohfM;ks esa izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA
vxj vki p;fur VsDLV dks laiknd (Editor) esa ls gVkuk pkgrs gSa rks dh&cksMZ esa cSdLisl (Backspace) dqath (Key) nck,¡;k lEiknd
(Editor) Vwyckj (Toolbar) esa dV (Cut) vkbdu (Icon) ij fDyd djsaA

vxj vkidks p;fur VsDLV dks laiknd (Editor) cQj (Buffer) esa isLV djuk gS rks vki ekml lwpd dks ml LFkku ij ys tk,¡vkSj ekml
Oghy (tks ekml esa eè; cVu ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gS)] dks uhps fDyd djsa ;k laiknd Vwyckj esa isLV (Paste) vkbdu (Icon) ij fDyd djsaA

Qkby fiazV djuk

vki Gedit dk mi;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSa rkfd fdlh Hkh Qkby dk fiazV ys ldsa blfy, lcls igys Qkby dk p;u djsa vc
fizaV djsaA Qkby esa fizafVax fuEu Qkby Lo:iksa ds fy, l{ke gS&
· iksVsZcy nLrkost+ Lo:i (Portable Document Format) (.pdf)
· Ldsyscsy osDVj xzkfQd (Scalable vector Graphic) (.srg)
8
 vè;k;&4
VDl isaV
Vdl isaV dk ifjp;
Tux Paint ,d Mªkbax izksxzke gSSA ;g ,d vklku baVjQsl dks] et+snkj èofu izHkkoksa dks vkSj ,d mRlkgtud dkVwZu ds lkFk tksM+rk gSA dkVwZu
'kqHkadj izksxzke dk mi;ksx djrs oDr cPpksa dk ekxZn'kZu djrk gSA ;g cPpksa dks jpukRed (creative) cukus ds fy, ,d [kkyh dSuokl vkSj
fofHkUu izdkj ds Mªkbax midj.k izLrqr djrk gSA
VDl isaV 'kq: djus ds fy, Application -> Graphics -> Tux Paint dk p;u djsaA ;k iSuy ls VDl isaV vkbdu ij fDyd djsa ;k
VfeZuy esa tuxpaint fy[ksa vkSj Enter nck,¡A

ubZ fiDpj cukuk (Create a New Picture) VDl IksaV [kqyus ds ckn ,d nwljk u;k dSuol [kksyus ds fy, ckbZ rjiQ fn;s
VwYl esa ls vki U;w (New) fodYi ij fDyd dj [kksy ldrs gSaA ;fn vki dh&cksMZ Ikj Ctrl+N Hkh nck;s rks ,d Mªkbax ist
;k dSuokl dks [kksy ldrs gSaA
Ikgys ls cuh gqbZ fiDpj dks [kksyuk (Open an existing picture) Ikgys ls cuh gqbZ fiDpj dks [kksyus ds fy,] VDl isUV
[kksyus ds ckn VwYl esa fn;sa x;s vksiu ds vkWI'ku ij fDyd djus ls igys ls ekStwn fiDplZ dh foUMks fn[kkbZ nsxhA
ml foUMks esa ls vki dksbZ Hkh fiDpj lysDV djds Open Button ds }kjk ;k ml lysDVsM fiDpj ds Åij
Double Click djds Open dj ldrs gSaA ;fn vki dh&cksMZ Ikj Ctrl+O Hkh nck;sa rks open Mk;ykWx
[kqy ldrk gSA
csfld isafVax VwYl vkSj VsdfuDl(Basic Painting Tools & Techniques) VDl isaV esa fofHkUu VwYl]
cz'kst+] dyj vkfn fn;s x;s gSa ftuds }kjk ge vkd"kZd ls vkd"kZd isfVax cuk ldrs gSaA vkb;s bu VwYl vkSj muds
mi;ksx ds ckjs esa tkusaA
VwyckWDl (Toolbox) blds vUnj Drawing, Editing, Save, Open, Close vkfn cVu fn;s x;s gSaA
budh lgk;rk ls gh vki viuh euilan Mªkbax cuk ldrs gSa vkSj mUgsa lso djds vki tc pkgs fdlh dks fn[kk Hkh
ldrs gSaA fuEu rkfydk esa fofHkUu [Link] VwYl ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nh x;h gS%
isaV (cz'k)—fofHkUu cz'k vkSj jaxksa ds mi;ksx ls isaV cz'k }kjk vki eqDrgLr fp=kdkjh dj ldrs gSaA vki ekml
cVu dks idM+ dj tSls fgykvksxs (move) og oSlh gh fp=kdkjh djsxkA
LVkEi (jcj LVkEi)—LVkEi midj.k (Tool) jcj LVkEi ;k fLVdj ds ,d lsV dh rjg gSaA bldh enn ls vki
vius fp=k esa iwoZ rS;kj ;k QksVksxzkfQd Nfo;ksa dks fpidk ldrs gSa tSls ,d ?kksM+s dh rLohj] ,d isM+ ;k pk¡n vkfnA
LVkEi (fVdV) dh fofHkUu Jsf.k;k¡gksrh gS_ tSls i'kq] ikS/s] varfj{k] okgu] yksx vkfnA nk,¡vkSj ck,¡rhj (arrow)
dh lgk;rk ls vki ,d LVkEi ls nwljs LVkEi ij tk ldrs gSaA dqN LVkEi jaxhu gksrs gSa ;k jaxs Hkh tk ldrs gSaA ;fn
dSuokl ds uhps jax iV~Vhdk lØh; gS rks LVkEi dks rLohj esa j[kus ls igys mls nckdj mldk jax cny ldrs gSaA

9
U;w (New) : U;w cVu ij fDyd djus ij ubZ Mªkbax (drawing) 'kq: gks tk;sxhA
vksiu (Open) :;g vkidks lHkh lgts gq, (saved) fp=kksa dh ,d lwph fn[kk;sxkA fdlh ,d fp=k dk p;u djus ds fy, ml ij fDyd
djsaA
fiDpj ds fdlh Hkkx dks lysDV djuk (Selecting an area) blds fy, fn;s x;s fiDpj ij jkbV fDyd djds mls GNU
Image Manipulation Program esa Open djus ds ckn fn;s x;s MenuBar esa Select ;k Toolbox ls Select Tool
(Rectangle, Eclipse, Free) dk iz;ksx djds vki iwjh fiDpj ;kfiDpj ds fdlh Hkkx dks vki lysDV dj ldrs gSaA
fiDpj ds fdlh Hkkx dks b/j&m/j ys tkuk (Moving an area) blds fy, lysDV Vwy ds }kjk lysDV ;k pqus gq, Hkkx
dks ekml ds }kjk tgk¡pkgsa ogk¡ys tk;k tk ldrk gSA
iyVuk vkSj ?kqekuk (Flipping and Rotating Selection) esU;wckj esa best ij fDyd djus ls mlds esU;w esa fn;s x;s
VªkaliQkeZ cVu ds }kjk fiDpj dks {kSfrt+ ;k yEcor vFkok ?kM+h dh fn'kk ;k foifjr fn'kk esa ?kqek ldrs gSaA
jaxksa dks cnyuk (Inverting Colors) blds fy, esU;wckj esa dylZ ds esU;w esa fn;s x;s fDyd Invert cVu ij fDyd djus ls
lysDV dh gqbZ best dk jax cny tkrk gSA
fiDpj ds Hkkx dks c<+kuk vkSj ?kVkuk (Stretching and Shrinking area) blds fy, esU;wckj esa lysDV esa fn;s x;s f'kzad
(Shrink) vkWI'ku ij fDyd djus ls lysDV dh gqbZ best ?kV@fldqM+ tkrh gS vkSj xzks (Grow) vkWI'ku ij fDyd djus ls lysDV
dh gqbZ best c<+ tkrh gSA
fiDpj ds vkdkj dks c<+kuk (Zooming a picture) blds fy, esU;wckj esa VwYl esa fn;s x;s T+kwe vkWI'ku ij
fDyd djus ls fiDpj@best dk vkdkj c<+ tkrk gSA
dSyD;wysVj (Calculator)
dSyD;wysVj D;k gS\
dSyD;wysVj ,d Application gS tks [Link]; lehdj.k (Mathematical Equations) dks gy djrh gSA
· [Link]; lehdj.k (Mathematical Equations) dh [Link] ds fy, ,d midj.k (Tool) gSA
· ;g ekud [Link]; ladsyu (Standard Mathematical Notation) dk mi;ksx djrk gSA
· ljy [Link] ds fy, ,d ljy o i;kZIr mi;ksx gS_ tSls& tksM+] ?kVkuk] [Link]] foHkkftrA
· ;g buiqV ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gS vkSj rst+h ls yksM djrk gSA
· ;g iwjh rjg ls lqyHk gSA
dSyD;wysVj ds lkFk dk;Z djuk
· Application QksYMj ij fDyd djsa fQj dSyD;wysVj vkbdu ij fDyd djsaA
· [Link] djus ds fy, dSyD;wysVj ds cVu ij fDyd djsaA

· foaMks eSU;w ij fDyd djsa fQj 'kks isij Vsi (Show Paper Tape) ij fDyd djsa] 'kks isij Vsi MkW;ykWx vkidks vkidh lHkh [Link] iznf'kZr
djsxkA
· isij Vsi dks fjDr djus ds fy, fDy;j (Clear) ij fDyd djssaA

· vxj vki viuh [Link] dh ,d isij dkWih pkgrs gSa rks Qkby eSU;w ij fDyd djsa vkSj fQj fizaV Vsi (Print Tape) ij fDyd djsaA
10
 vè;k;&5
vksiu vkWfQl jkbVj

ifjp;&
Open Office Writer, Open [Link] lkWÝVos;j iSdst dk ,d oMZ izkslslj gSA jkbVj fofHkUu Lo:iksa esa nLrkostksa (Documents)
dks [kksyus vkSj lgtus esa l{ke gSA ;g nLrkost (Document) dks PDF Lo:i (Format) esa fu;kZr (Export) djus dh {kerk j[krk gSA
vksiu vkWfQl 'kq: djukA
vksiu vkWfQl 'kq: djus ds fy, fDyd djsa&

Launch – Run Programs – Business and finance – Open office – Open office word Processor
,d u;k nLrkost cukuk
1) Qkby ij fDyd djsa
2) U;w ij fDyd djsa
vkidh Ldzhu bl izdkj fn[kkbZ nsxhA

nLrkost dks lso djuk

1) Qkby eSU;w esa save as ij Dyhd djsa A

11
2) Qkby use esa oks uke fy[ksa ftlls vki viuk nLrkost lso djuk pkgrs gSa A
3) lso Save ij fDyd dj nsa A
dV, dkWih vkSj fpidkuk vkSj VSDlV ewo djuk
dV djuk vkSj ewo djuk
1) v{kj ds LVkVZ esa fDyd djsa mls ekml ds lkFk [khpsa vkSj flySDV dj ysaA

2) dV ij fDyd djsa A

isLV djuk vkSj fpidkuk

1) fdlh Hkh fyf[kr VDlV
s dks flySDV djsa A

2) dkWih ds vkbdu ij fDyd djsa A

3) Qkby eSU;w esa tkdj U;w ij fDyd djsa A

12
4) isLV vkbdu ij fDyd djsa A

'kCn dh tkap(spell check)

1) vxj dksbZ v{kj lgh ugha gS rks mlds uhps yky jax dh js[kk fn[kkbZ nsxhA

2) mls Bhd djus ds fy, vkbdu ij fDyd djsa

3) vkSj vkidks fuEu Ldzhu fn[kkbZ nsxhA fn, gq, 'kCnksa esa ls lgh 'kCn dk p;u djsa A

13
3) change Change cVu ij fDyd djs A

'kCn dks <q<auk (find a word)

1 dlZj dks my party planning nLrkost dh LVkVZ esa j[ksa A

2 eSU;w iV~Vh esa ,fMV ij fDyd djsa] find and replace ij fDyd djsa A

3 Find Close ij fDyd djsa A

v{kjksa dks cnyuk(replace a word)

1) nLrkost ds LVkVZ ij dlZj j[ksa
2) ,fMV ij fDyd djsa] find and replace ij fDyd djsa A

Replace with esa Championship Game

6. Replace Close Save ij fDyd djsa A

14
 vè;k;&6
vksiu vkWfQl bEçSl

bEçSl ifjp;
vksiu vkWfQl bEçSl free lkWÝVos;j gS tks fd openoffice. Org ds }kjk fodflr vkSj laxfBr fd;k tkrk gSA vksiu vkfQl lsV
ekbØkslksÝV vkfQl (Microsoft office) ds oMZ (Word)] Excel vkSj ikoj ikbaV (Power Point) tSls [Link] dh rqyuk esa jkbVj
(writer)] dSy&lh (calc)] bEçSl(impress) vkSj Mªk (Draw) tSls midj.k çnku djrk gSA

open office. Org 'kq: djus ds ckn Auto Pilot presentation foaMks çdV gksrh gSA
,d ubZ çLrqfr (Presentation) cukuk

· çHkko fodYi (Effect option) çLrqfr esa lHkh LykbMl ds chp laØe'k(transitions) cukrk gSA dksbZ laØe'k çHkko u nsus ds fy,
NO effect dk p;u djsaA laØe'k (Transitions) dks ckn esa tksM+k ;k cnyk tk ldrk gSA autopilot dks lekIr djus ds fy,
¶Create¸ ij click djsaA

15
· mijksDr pj'k esa uke (name) {ks=k esa LykbM ds fy, 'kh"kZd fy[ksaA ¶Select an Autolayout¸ [kaM ls fdlh Hkh Fkacusy LykbM ij
fDyd djsaA fQj ¶OK¸ ij fDyd djsaA

· çHkko fodYi (Effect option) çLrqfr esa lHkh LykbMl ds chp laØe'k(transitions) cukrk gSA dksbZ laØe'k çHkko u nsus ds fy,
NO effect dk p;u djsaA laØe'k (Transitions) dks ckn esa tksM+k ;k cnyk tk ldrk gSA autopilot dks lekIr djus ds fy,
¶Create¸ ij click djsaA

· LykbM dk p;u (Selecting slider)%& gj LykbM ds fy, dk;ZLFkku ds uhps ,d ubZ (new) LykbM VSc gksrh gSA bl VSc dks
çnf'kZr djus ds fy, LykbM VSc ij fDyd djsaA
· ist dk Lo:i'k (Formatting) djuk% QkWjesV ij tk,¡ vkSj ¶page¸ ij fDyd djsaA bl foaMks esa vki ist ds Lo:i]
Orientation vkSj i`"B ds ekftZu dks cny ldrs gSaA

· LykbM dk Lo:i'k (Formatting Slides)% QkWjesV esuw ls ¶Modify Layout¸ dk p;u djus ij la'kksf/r LykbM
foaMks çdV gksxhA ¶Select on auto layout¸ [kaM ls ,d u, ysvkmV dk p;u djds ysvkmV dks la'kksf/r djsaA
16
dk;ZLFkku n`'; (Impress views)

1) Mªkbax O;w (Drawing View)%& vyx&vyx O;w cukus ds fy, Mªkbax O;w eq[; n`'; gSA bl O;w dk mi;ksx ge
fMtkbu] xzkfQDl vkSj ,uhes'ku ds fy, djrs gSaA

2) js[kkafdr (outline) O;w%& js[kkafdr O;w gj LykbM ds fy, fo"k; 'kh"kZd] cqysVsM(bulleted) lwfp;ksa vkSj
Øekafdr(numbered) lwfp;ksa dks js[kkafdr :i esa fn[kkrk gSA bl n`'; dh enn ls vki LykbM~l ds Øe dks iqu%O;ofLFkr] 'kh"kZd dks
laikfnr (edit)] vkbVEl dh lwph ds Øe dks iqu%O;ofLFkr vkSj ubZ LykbM tksM+ ldrs gSaA

17
3) LykbM O;w% (Slide view) LykbM O;w LykbMl ds Øe dks iqu% O;ofLFkr djus ds fy,] ,d le; ij LykbM 'kks ds mRiknu ds fy,
;k LykbMl ds chp laØe'k(transitions) tksM+us ds fy, gj LykbM dk NksVk laLdj'k (version) fn[kkrk gSA

4) uksV~l O;w (Notes view) uksV~l O;w vkidks çR;sd LykbM esa uksV~l tksM+us dh lqfo/k nsrk gS tks fd çLrqfr (Presentation) ds
le; fn[kkbZ ugha nsrsA vki bu uksV~l dks eqfnzr dj ldrsgSA vkSj budk mYys[k çLrqfr ds le; ns ldrs gSA

5) gSaMvkmV O;w (Handout View) gSaMvkmV O;w çLrqfr ds dbZ LykbM de dj nsrk gS vkSj mUgsa dq'kyrk ls Drag & Drop
dj ds O;w esa iquO;ZofLFkr (rearrange) dj nsrk gSA

18
LykbM 'kks pykuk (Running Slider Show)

LykbM laiknu (Editing Slides)

VsDLV lfEefyr djuk (Inserting Text)%&

· eq[; midj.k iV~Vh (Toolbar) esa VsDLV vkbdu ij fDyd djsaA

· ckDl cukus ds fy, LykbM ij fDyd djsa vkSj [khaps] [kRe gksus ij ekml dks NksM+ nsaA
· vc dlZj VsDlV ckDl esa fn[kkbZ nsxk ftldk eryc gS fd og vc Edit eksM esa gSA
· ckDl esa ikB (Text) fy[ksaA
· ckDl dks vp;fur (deselect) djus ds fy, ckDl ds ckgj fDyd djsaA
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ikB Lo:i.k (FORMATTING TEXT)

· VsDLV QkWjesV djus ls igys mls flysDV (Select) djsaA VsDLV ckDl dk lkjk VsDLV QkWjesV djus ds fy, VsDLV ckDl ds ckWMZj ij fDyd
djsaA vc dksbZ Hkh Lo:i.k cnyko djus ij og iwjs VsDLV ij ykxw gksxkAikB (Text) dk dsoy ,d fgLlk Lo:fir djus ds fy,] ikB ij ,d ckj
fDyd djsaA fQj ftl Hkkx dks QkWjesV djuk gS mldk p;u djus ds fy, ml ij fDyd djds [khapsA Lo:i.k ifjorZu dsoy p;fur ikB ij gh
ykxw gksxkA

[Link] Lo:i.k fodYiksa dks ns[kus ds fy, QkWjesV esuw ls ^^v{kj** pqusa ;k vkCtsDV iV~Vh ij dSjsDVj cVu ij fDyd djsaA

20
bl foaMksa esa vki ikB (Text) dk QkWUV] VkbiQsl(typeface) vkSj vkdkj fufnZ"V dj ldrs gSaA foaMks ds uhps cus izhO;w esa vki p;fur QkWUV
dk iwokZoyksdu (izhO;w) ns[k ldrs gSaA

vuqPNsn Lo:i.k fodYiksa dks ns[kus ds fy, QkWjesV esuw ls "Paragraph" dk p;u djsa ;k oLrq iV~Vh (Object bar) ij vuqPNsn
(Paragraph) cVu ij fDyd djsaA

bl foaMksa esa vki iSjkxzkQ ds ckjs esa fodYi fufnZ"V dj ldrs gSaA
cqysfVM@Øekafdr lwfp;k¡cukuk (Creating bulletted/ numbered lists)

21
 vè;k;&7
bUVusV dk ifjp;

bVajuVs(Internet) bVajuVs uVsodkaZs dk oYMZ okbM uVsodZ gAS bVajuVs bVaju'skuy uVsodZ dk lfa{kIr :i gAS ;g fofHkUu vkiWjfsVxa flLVe ds
yk[kkas dEI;Vwjkas dk legw g]S tks fdlh lpakj ekè;e tlSs Vy s hQkus] jfsM;ks rFkk lVSy
s kbV no~kjk vkil eas tMqs+ jgrs gAaS ;s tMqs+ g,q dEI;Vwj ,d&nlwjs ds
liadZ eas jgrs gAaS vkb, n[skas fd fHkUu&fHkUu dEI;Vwj gkMoZ;sj bVajuVs ds fy, fdl id z kj dk;Z djrs gAaS
s dk bfrgkl (History of Internet) okLro eas bUVjuVs ljq{kk [Link] ds fy, lUS; 'kfDr;kas }kjk mi;kxs fd;k tkus okyk
bUVjuV
s u ;k ftldk mi;kxs U.S. ds ljq{kk foHkkxkas }kjk gkrsk Fkk] ftleas ljq{kk ds u;s llak/ukas dk i;zkxs ,oa [kkt
i;zkt s dks vfr mUur dEI;Vwj ,oa
Networking dh lgk;rk ls fd;k tkrk FkkA
yxHkx 1970 eas Advance Research Project Agency tks ljq{kk foHkkx dk ,d vxa Fkk] mlus ARPAnet uke ds uVsodZ dk vkjEHk
fd;k ftls vkt ge bUVjuVs ds uke ls tkurs gAaS ftlds ikzjEHk eas blus ek=k 4 dEI;Vwj 'kkfey FkAs
lu~ 1970 eas gh ARPAnet us viuk foLrkj Military foHkkxkas ds lkFk vU; foHkkxkas eas Hkh dj fy;k] tc fofHkUu fo'ofo|ky; ,oa vU; dEifu;kas
}kjk ljq{kk lk/ukas dh 'kk/s ds fy, bldk mi;kxs djuk 'k:q fd;k rks /hj&
s /hjs bldk dk;Z {k=sk c<r+k x;kA
1970 ds vUr rd ARPAnet dk mi;kxs vR;f/d c<+ x;kA ARPAnet eas vc rd Package switch node Technology ds LFkku ij
TCP/IP ds lpakj ekudkas dk mi;kxs 'k:q fd;k] TCP/IP Communication standard dk lcls egÙ[Link] ykHk ;g Fkk fd bleas vl[a;
uVsodZ ,oa dEI;Vwjkas dks 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk FkkA lkFk gh bldk mi;kxs yxHkx lkjs id
z kj ds dEI;Vwj ij fd;k tk ldrk FkkA yxHkx 1983 rd
ARPAnet ls tMqs+ lHkh dEI;Vwjkas }kjk TCP/IP dk mi;kxs vfuok;Z gks pd q k FkkA
lu~ 1980 dh 'k:qvkr eas National science foundation eas ARPAnet dk ,d vU; ekMWy NSFnet dk mi;kxs 'k:q fd;kA vr% vud
s
dEifu;kas ,oa fo'ofo|ky;kas eas tks NSFnet dk fgLlk gaS ;s vc gks Lor% ARPAnet dk Hkh fgLlk cuk x;As
nkuskas gh uVsodZ eas lekurk ;s Fkh fd nkuskas gh TCP/IP dk mi;kxs djrs Fk]s vr% nkuskas us ,d nlwjs dh lgk;rk ;k feydj dke djuk ikzjEHk dj fn;k
vkjS 1980 ds vUr rd NSFnet us ARPAnet dks vius eas lekfgr dj fy;kAyxHkx mlh le; NFSnet ls vlEcfU/r nks uVsodZ Usernet
,oa Bitnet dk ikzjEHk ;t w j+(user) dks eÝqr losk,¡inzku djus ds fy, fd;k x;kA
tc bu nks vlEcfU/r uVsodZ dk ipzyu c<u+s yxk rks buds ;t w j+ dks bu uVsodZ ds vkil eas tkMsu+s dh vko';drk egllw gkuss yxhA rc bueas
lEcU/ LFkkfir fd;k x;k rkfd News, Mail vkfn dks ,d ls nlwjs uVsodZ ij Hkt s k tk ldAs Compuserve o American online tlSs
O;kolkf;d uVsodZ ds vkxeu ls dEI;Vwj Lo;a dks vud
s uVsodZ dk ;tw j+ egllw djus yxAs
22
bUVjusV ds ykHk (Advantages of the Internet) bUVjusV lwpuk dk cgqr cM+k [Link] gSA ;g lHkh fo"k;ksa ij lwpuk miyC/
djkrk gS vkSj lalkj Hkj esa dgha ls Hkh bls access fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkidks bUVjusV dks access djus ds fy, dsoy ,d PC, Modem
vkSj ,d Telephone Line, ftlds }kjk vki Internet Service Provider (ISP) ls tqM+rs gSa] dh vko';drk gksrh gSA Internet
Service Providers os dEifu;k¡gSa tks bUVjusV ls access iznku djrh gSaA
uhps fn;s x;s lHkh ,d gh le; esa bUVjusV gSa&
· Network
· ekè;e (Medium)
· cktkj (Marketplace)
· VªkUtsD'ku IysVQkeZ (Transaction Platform)
· lwpuk dk lzksr (Source of Information)

23
 vè;k;&8
VkbZfiax dk vH;kl

VkbZfiax vH;kl }kjk gkFkksa dk vuqHko (Hands on Experience for Typing practice)
VkbZfiax ds vH;kl ds fy, vki vius f'k{kd dh lgk;rk ls dEI;wVj esa dksbZ Hkh Typing Tutor ds izksxzke dks 'kq: djsa vkSj
Typing dh Training dks iwjk djsaA VkbZfiax dk vH;kl djus ds fy, vkidksa Keyboard esa fn;s x;s fuEufyf[kr phtksa
dhtkudkjh vko';d gS %
• dh&cksMZ (Keyboard) dk ifjp;: dh&cksMZ (Keyboard) dk [Link] lu 1860 esa [Link] }kjk fd;k x;k Fkk ftl
dh&cksMZ dks Universal Keyboard ds uke ls tkurs gSA bl dh&cksMZ esa dbZ izdkj ds cVUl dk iz;ksx gqvk gS
tSls&,YiQkU;wesfjd&dht+] iuDpq,'ku &dht+] Lis'ky&dht+A bu dht+ ds vUrxZr D;k&D;k vkrk gS oks uhps n'kkZ;k x;k gS %

Ÿ ,YQkU;wesfjd&dht+ (Alphanumeric Keys) : blds vUrxZr dh&cksMZ esa nh xbZ Letters Keys vkSj
Numberin Keys vkrs gSaA ftudh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh Hkh izksxzke esa dqN Hkh VkbZi dj ldrs gaSA tSls ;fn vkdk'k 123 VkbZi djuk gS
rks Letters Keys vkSj Numbering Keys dh lgk;rk ls ge ;g 'kCn VkbZi dj ldrs gSA
• iuDpq,'ku&dht+ (Punctuation Keys) : blds vUrxZr dh&cksMZ esa nh xbZ dht+ tSls fd& dkWek] lsehdkWyu]
czSdsV~l vkfn vkSj lHkh [Link]; vkWijsVj tSls fd&tksM+ dk Í.kkRed fpUg vkSj cjkcj dk fpUg vkfn vkrs gSaA
• Lis'ky&dht+ (Special Keys) : blds vUrxZr dh&cksMZ esa nh xbZ ij dht+ ds ckn cph gqbZ vU; lHkh dht+ tSls
fd&QaD'ku&dht+] VSc&dh] ,YV&dh] cSdLisl&dh] ,UVj&dh] ,ldsi&dh] daVjksy&dht+] ,sjks&dht+] MhfyV&dh vkfn
vkrs gSaA blesa fn;s x;s lHkh dht+ fofHkUu izdkj ls izksxzke esa dk;Z djrs gSa %
• QaD'ku&dht+ (Function Keys) % Function Keys esa fn;s dht+ fofHkUu izdkj ls Ikzksxzke esa iz;ksx gksrs
gS tSls&

fdlh izksxzke esa dk;Z djrs le; tc gesa Help dh t:jr gksrh gS rks mls ge bl Key ds }kjk
F1 izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
F2 fdlh QkbZy vkSj QksYMj dk uke cnyus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
bl QaD'ku dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx lkWÝVos;j ds fy, vyx&vyx gksrk gSA tSls& foUMkst+ ds fdlh
F3
Hkh Version esa Search Dialog Box ykus ds fy, vkfnA
bl QaD'ku dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx lkWÝVos;j ds fy, vyx&vyx gksrk gSA tSls&[Link]
F4
Writer esa bldks Press djus ij Data Source dh ,d Window open gks tkrh gSA bl
Window dks ge View Tab ds }kjk Hkh Open dj ldrs gSaA
24
 bl QaD'ku dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx lkWÝVos;j ds fy, vyx&vyx gksrk gSA tSls&[Link] Writer esa
F4
bldks Press djus ij Data Source dh ,d Window open gks tkrh gSA blWindow dks ge View Tab
ds }kjk Hkh Open dj ldrs gSaA
F5 bl QaD'ku dk iz;ksx Refresh djus ds fy, iz;ksx gksrk gSA
bl QaD'ku dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx lkWÝVos;j ds fy, vyx&vyx gksrk gSA tSls&[Link] Writer
F6
esa blds }kjk Menu Bar esa fn;s x;s File, Edit, Insert, Format, Table, Tools, Window& Help
dks lsysDV dj ldrs gSaA

F7 bl QaD'ku dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx lkWÝVos;j ds fy, vyx&vyx gksrk gSA tSls&[Link] Writer
esa bldks Press djus ij Spelling Check djus dh ,d Window Open gks tkrh gSA
F8 bl QaD'ku dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx lkWÝVos;j ds fy, vyx&vyx gksrk gSA
F9 bl QaD'ku dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx lkWÝVos;j ds fy, vyx&vyx gksrk gSA
F10 Menu Bar dks fØ;k'khy(Active) cukus ds fy, bl cVu dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tSls&[Link] Writer
esa blds }kjk Menu Bar esa fn;s x;s File Tab ds lHkh Option Open gkstk;saxs vFkkZr Show djus yxsaxsA

F11 bl QaD'ku dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx lkWÝVos;j ds fy, vyx&vyx gksrk gSA tSls& [Link] Writer esa
bldks Press djus ij Styles and Formatting dh Window Open gks tkrh gSA
F12 bl QaD'ku dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx lkWÝVos;j ds fy, vyx&vyx gksrk gSA tSls&[Link] Writer esa
bldks Press djus ij Bullets and Numbering dk ,d Toolbar Show djrk gS vkSjml Document
esa Bullets and Numbering Hkh yx tk;sxhA

• Tab : blds }kjk fdlh Hkh ,fIyds'ku esa ,d Option ls vU; Option ij tkus ds fy, bldk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vkSj ;fn ge
Shift+Tab dk ,d lkFk iz;ksx djs rks ge mUgh Option ij nksckjk Hkh tk ldrs gSaA
• Print Screen/SysRq : bldh lgk;rk ls vki Screen esa iznf'kZr fdlh Hkh fp=k dks dEI;wVj dh Memory esa
Copy dj ldrs gS vkSj mlds ckn mls vki fdlh Hkh QkbZy esa Paste dj ldrs gSaA
• Shift : bldk iz;ksx Document esa fy[krs le; Temporary :i esa Capital Alphabet dks fy[kus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gS ;fn Shift ds lkFk fdlh Alphabet dks Press fd;k tk;s rks og Capital Alphabet esa fy[kk tk;sxkA
• Ctrl : bld iz;ksx dEI;wVj esa mi;ksx fofHkUu izdkj ds dk;ksZ ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA tSls ;fn ge Ctrl ds lkFk Mouse
Pointer dh lgk;rk ls ,d ls vf/d iQkbZyksa dks lsysDV dj ldrs gSaA bldh lgk;rk ls vki fdlh Application esa dk;Z dj
jgs gSa rks Ctrl ds lkFk iz;qDr gksus okys fuEufyf[kr Combination ds }kjk vki dk;Z dj ldrs gSa %

Ctrl+A blds iz;ksx ls vki ,fIyds'ku ds lHkh Items dks lsysDV dj ldrs gSaA
Ctrl+B blds iz;ksx ls vki ,fIyds'ku ds lHkh Items dks Bold dj ldrs gSaA
Ctrl+X blds iz;ksx ls vki ,fIyds'ku ds lHkh Items dks Cut dj ldrs gSaA
Ctrl+C blds iz;ksx ls vki ,fIyds'ku ds lHkh Items dks Copy dj ldrs gSaA
Ctrl+V blds iz;ksx ls vki ,fIyds'ku ds lHkh Items dks Paste dj ldrs gSaA
Ctrl+U blds iz;ksx ls vki ,fIyds'ku ds lHkh Items dks Underline dj ldrs gSaA
Ctrl+I blds iz;ksx ls vki ,fIyds'ku ds lHkh Items dks Italic dj ldrs gSaA
Ctrl+D blds iz;ksx ls vki ,fIyds'ku ds lHkh Items ds uhps Double Underline yxk ldrs gSaA

25
• Space Bar : bldk iz;ksx nks ;k nks ls vf/d v{kjksa ds chp fjDr LFkku (Space) nsus ds fy, iz;ksxfd;k tkrk gSA
• BackSpace : bldk iz;ksx ck;h vksj ds v{kjksa dks feVkus ds fy, gksrk gSA
• Enter : bldk iz;ksx u, Paragraph ij tkus ds fy, ;k Selected Program, File, Folder dks Run vkSj Open djus
ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
• Delete : bldk iz;ksx nkfguh rjiQ ds Text dks fMyhV djus ds fy, ;k Selected Program, File, Folder dks Delete
djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
• Home : bldk iz;ksx Document esa Current Line ds izkjEHk esa tkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
• Page Up : bldk iz;ksx Document esa fiNys Page ij tkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
• Page Down : bldk iz;ksx Document esa vxys Page ij tkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
• End : bldk iz;ksx Document esa Current Line ds var esa tkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
• Num Lock : bldk iz;ksx dh&cksMZ ij nkfguh rjQ fn;s Keypad dk iz;ksx djuk pkgrs gSa rks mlds fy, Num Lock Button
off gS rks vki budk iz;ksx ugha dj ldrs gSa vkSj vxj vki djuk pkgrs gSa rks blds fy, vkidksa Num Lock Button dks on djuk
iM+sxkA

UkksV % fdlh Hkh Paragraph dks vki vius f'k{kd dh mifLFkfr esa fy[ksa ftlls vxj vkidks dksbZ leL;k vkrh gS rks oksbldk lek/ku djrs
jgsaxsA

26