DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, GOMTI NAGAR EXTN.

, LUCKNOW
SESSION: 2023-24
CLASS 12 - CHEMISTRY
Worksheet - Solution
General Instructions:
All the questions are compulsory.
Section A

1 Read the text carefully and answer the questions: Aariv Sharma is very fond of a special [4]
drink made by his grandmother using different fruits available in their hometown. It has an
outstanding taste and also provide great health benefits of natural fruits. He thought of
utilizing his grandmother recipe to create a new product in the beverage market that
provide health benefits and also contain fizziness of various soft drinks available in the
market.

1. How he can add fizz to the special drink made by his grandmother?

2. What is the law stated in the chapter that can help Aariv to make his drink fizzy?

3. What precautions he should take while bottling so that his product does not lose fizz
during storage and handling across long distances?

4. The mole fraction of helium in a saturated solution at 20❑o C is 1.2 × 10 - 6. Find the
pressure of helium above the solution. Given Henry’s constant at 20 ❑o C is 144.97
kbar.

2 Read the text carefully and answer the questions: In order to overcome the scarcity of [4]
drinking water in a remote village in Gujarat, Arnav and Aariv two young entrepreneurs still
in their high school, have developed a unique water purifier that is capable of converting sea
water into drinking water. It works on the principle of concentration difference between
two solutions.

1. Name the phenomenon/process based on which this product is made?

2. How difference in concentration of solutions help in converting sea water into

drinking water?

3. What arrangement they must have created in their product to covert sea water into
drinking water?

4. Equimolar solutions of NaCl and glucose are not isotonic. Why?

3 Read the text carefully and answer the questions: The solutions which boil at a constant [4]
temperature like a pure liquid and possess the same composition in liquid, as well as vapour
state are called azeotropes. The components of azeotropes cannot be separated by fractional
distillation. Only non - ideal solutions form azeotropes. Solutions with negative deviation
form maximum boiling azeotrope and the solutions with positive deviation form minimum
boiling azeotrope. The boiling point of azeotrope is never equal to the boiling points of any
of the components of the azeotrope.

1. The azeotropic solutions of twomiscible liquids show what type of deviation from
Raoult’s law?

2. The azeotropic mixture of water & HCI boils at108.5∘ C . What type of deviation is
 shown by the solution? Does this solution behave as ideal or non - ideal?

3. Doideal solutions form azeotropes?

4. Out of pure liquid andazeotrope showing positive deviation,Which one has a higher
boiling point?

4 Read the text carefully and answer the questions: A raw mango placed in concentrated [4]
salt solution loses water via osmosis and shrivel into pickle. Wilted flowers revive when
placed in fresh water. A carrot that has become limp because of water loss into the
atmosphere can be placed into the water making it firm once again. Water will move into its
cells through osmosis. When placed in water containing less than 0.9% (mass/volume) salt,
blood cells swell due to flow of water in them by osmosis.

1. People taking a lot of salt or salty food suffer from puffiness or edema. What is the
reason behind this?

2. The preservation of meat by salting and of fruits by adding sugar protects against
bacterial action. How?

3. Why the direction of osmosis gets reversed if a pressure larger than the osmotic
pressure is applied to the solution side? Write its one application.

4. What care is generally taken during intravenous injections and why?

5 Read the text carefully and answer the questions: Few colligative properties are: [5]
1. relative lowering of vapor pressure: depends only on the molar concentration of
solute (mole fraction) and is independent of its nature.

2. depression in freezing point:it is proportional to the molal concentration of the

solution.

3. elevation of the boiling point: it is proportional to the molal concentration of solute.

4. osmotic pressure: it is proportional to the molar concentration of solute.

A solution of glucose is prepared with 0.052 gat glucose in 80.2 gof water. (K❑f = 1.86 K
kgmol ❑−1 and K ❑b = 5.4 K kgmol ❑−1

1. Mole fraction of glucose in the given solution is

a) 0.00028

b) 6.28× 10 ❑−5

c) 0.00625

d) 1.23× 10 ❑−4

2. If same amount of sucrose (C❑12 H ❑22 O ❑11 ) is taken instead of glucose then

a. elevation in boiling point will be higher

b. depression in freezing point will be higher

c. depression in freezing point will be lower

d. both (a)and (b)

 a) (c)

b) (b)

c) (d)

d) (a)

3. Molality of the given solution is

a) 0.0052 m

b) 1.29 m

c) 0.0006 m

d) 0.0036 m

4. Boiling point for the solution will be

a) 373.15 K

b) 373.05 K

c) 373.02 K

d) 372.98 K

5. The depression in the freezing point of solution will be

a) 0.0187 K

b) 0.082 K

c) 0.067 K

d) 0.035 K

6 Read the text carefully and answer the questions: The properties of the solutions which [5]
depend only on the number of solute particles but not on the nature of the solute are called
colligative properties. Relative lowering in vapour pressure is also an example of colligative
[Link] an experiment, sugar solution is prepared for which lowering in vapour
pressure was found to be 0.061 mm of Hg. (Vapour pressure of water at 20 ❑o C is 17.5 mm
of Hg.)

1. Relative lowering of vapour pressure for the given solution is:

a) 0.00348

b) 0.061

c) 0.122

d) 1.75

2. The vapour pressure (mm of Hg ) of solution will be:

a) 17.5

b) 0.61

c) 0.00348
 d) 17.439

3. Mole fraction of sugar in the solution is:

a) 0.061

b) 0.00348

c) 1.75

d) 0.9965

4. If the weight of sugar taken is 5 g in 108 g of water then molar mass of sugar will be:

a) 358

b) 400

c) 120

d) 240

5. The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved
in 450 g of water is:

a) 17.02

b) 17.2

c) 17.4

d) 17.120

7 Read the text carefully and answer the questions: The solubility of gases increases with [5]
increase of pressure. William Henry made a systematic investigation of the solubility of a
gas in a liquid. According to Henry’s law "the mass of a gas dissolved per unit volume of the
solvent at constant temperature is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas in
equilibrium with the solution".Dalton during the same period also concluded independently
that the solubility of a gas in a liquid solution depends upon the partial pressure of the gas. If
we use the mole fraction of gas in the solution as a measure of its solubility, then Henry’s
law can be modified as "the partial pressure of the gas in the vapour phase is directly
proportional to the mole fraction of the gas in the solution".

1. Henry’s law constant for the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4.27× 10 ❑5
mm Hg. The solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg is

a) 4.27× 10 ❑−3

b) 4.27× 10 ❑−5

c) 1.78× 10 ❑−5

d) 1.78× 10 ❑−3

2. The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56× 10 ❑−2 g of
ethane is 1 bar. If the solution contains 5.00 × 10 ❑−2 g of ethane then what will be
the partial pressure (in bar) of the gas?

a) 0.762
 b) 5.0

c) 3.81

d) 1.312

3. K❑H (K bar) values for Ar ❑( g) , CO ❑2 (g ) , HCHO ❑( g) and CH ❑4 ( g ) are 40.39, 1.67, 1.83
× 10 ❑−5 and 0.413 respectively. Arrange these gases in the order of their increasing
solubility.

a) ArCH❑4 CO ❑2 HCHO

b) HCHOCH❑4 CO ❑2 Ar

c) HCHOCO❑2 CH ❑4 Ar

d) ArCO❑2 CH ❑4 HCHO

4. When gas is bubbled through water at 298 K, a very dilute solution of the gas is
obtained. Henry’s law constant tor the gas at 298 K is 1 kbar. If the gas exerts a
partial pressure of 2 bar, the number of millimoles of the gas dissolved in 1 L of
water is

a) 0.66

b) 0.87

c) 0.55

d) 0.37

5. Which of the following statements is correct?

a) K❑H first increases then decreases, with increase of temperature

b) K❑H remains constant with increase of temperature

c) K❑H increases with increase of temperature

d) K❑H decreases with increase of temperature

8 Read the text carefully and answer the questions: The concentration of a solute is very [5]
important in studying chemical reactions because it determines how often molecules collide
in solution and thus indirectly determines the rate of reactions and the conditions at
[Link] are several ways to express the amount of solute present in a solution.
The concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that has been dissolved
in a given amount of solvent or solution. Concentration can be expressed in terms of
molarity, molality, parts per million, mass percentage, volume percentage, etc.

1. A solution is prepared using aqueous KIwhich is turned out to be 20 w/w. The

density of KI is 1.202 g/mL. The molality of the given solution and mole fraction of
solute are respectively:

a) 3.0 m, 0.0352

b) 2.5 m, 0.0569

c) 1.95 m, 0.120

d) 1.5 m, 0.0263
 2. The density of KI is 1.202 g/mL. The molarity (in mol L❑−1 ) of the given solution will
be

a) 0.263

b) 1.44

c) 1.89

d) 1.56

3. Which of the following is correct relationship between mole fraction and molality?
m M1
a) x❑2 =
1−m M 1

1−m M 1
b) x❑2 =
m M1

m M1
c) x❑2 =
1+ m M 1

1+ m M 1
d) x❑2 =
m M1

4. Which of the following is temperature - dependent?

a) None of these

b) Mass percentage

c) Mole fraction

d) Molarity

5. Which of the following is true for an aqueous solution of the solute in terms of
concentration?

a) 1 M = 1 m

b) Cannot be predicted

c) 1 M m

d) 1 M m

Section B

9 Assertion (A): On adding NaCl to water its vapour pressure decreases. Reason (R): The [1]
addition of non - volatile solute increases the vapour pressure.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

1 Assertion (A): Osmosis does not take place in two isotonic solutions separated by a semi - [1]
0 permeable membrane. Reason (R): Isotonic solutions have the same osmotic pressure.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

1 Assertion: 0.1 M glucose solution has higher increment in the freezing point than 0.1 M [1]
1 urea solution. Reason: K ❑f for both has different values.

a) Both assertion and reason are CORRECT and reason is the CORRECTexplanation of the
assertion.

b) Both assertion and reason are CORRECT but, reason is NOT THE CORRECT explanation of
the assertion.

c) Assertion is CORRECT but, reason is INCORRECT.

d) Both assertion and reason are INCORRECT.

1 Assertion (A): Two liquids nitric acid and water form a maximum boiling azeotrope when [1]
2 mixed in the ratio of 68% and 32% respectively. Reason (R): Interaction between nitric
acid and water are stronger than nitric acid – nitric acid interactions and water - water
interactions.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

1 Assertion (A): Water boils at 373 Kas the vapour pressure at this temperature becomes [1]
3 equal to atmospheric pressure. Reason (R): Vapour pressure of water is less than 1.013 bar
at 373 K.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

1 Assertion: When methanol is added to the water boiling point of water increases. Reason: [1]
4 When a volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent, elevation in boiling point is observed.

a) If both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.

b) If both Assertion & Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.

c) If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false.

d) If both Assertion and Reason are false statements.

1 Assertion (A): In an ideal solution, Δ mix H is zero. Reason (R): In an ideal solution, A – B [1]
5 interactions are lower than A - A and B - B interactions.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

1 Assertion (A): Osmotic pressure is a colligative property. Reason (R): Osmotic pressure is [1]
6 directly proportional to molarity.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

1 Assertion (A): Cooking time in pressure cookers is reduced. Reason (R): The boilingpoint [1]
7 inside the pressure cooker is raised.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

1 Assertion (A): Azeotrope mixtures are formed by only a non - ideal solution. Reason (R): [1]
8 Azeotrope mixture can’t be separated by fractional distillation.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

1 Assertion (A): Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature. Reason (R): [1]
9 The volume of a solution changes with a change in temperature.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

2 Assertion (A): When a solution is separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable [1]
0 membrane, the solvent molecules pass through it from the pure solvent side to the solution
side. Reason (R): Diffusion of solvent occurs from a region of high concentration solution to
a region of low concentration solution.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

 b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

2 Assertion (A): The molality of the solution does not change with change in temperature. [1]
1 Reason (R): The molality is expressed in units of moles per 1000 g of solvent.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

2 Assertion (A): A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more chemically non - [1]
2 reacting substances. Reason (R): Solutions can be made between any two states of matter.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

2 Assertion (A): Sodium chloride is used to clear snow on the roads. Reason (R): Sodium [1]
3 chloride depresses the freezing point of water.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

2 Assertion (A): One molal aqueous solution of urea contains 60 gof urea in 1 kg of water. [1]
4 Reason (R): Solution containing one mole of solute in 1000 gsolvent is called one molal
solution.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

2 Assertion (A): Camphor is usually used in molecular mass determination. Reason (R): [1]
5 Camphor has low cryoscopic constant and therefore, causes greater depression in freezing
point.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

 d) A is false but R is true.

2 Assertion (A): If red blood cells were removed from the body and placed in pure water, the [1]
6 pressure inside the cells increases. Reason (R): The concentration of salt content in the
cells increases.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

2 Assertion (A): If a liquid solute more volatile than the solvent is added to the solvent, the [1]
7 vapour pressure of the solution may increase i.e., p ❑s p ❑o . Reason (R): In the presence of
a more volatile liquid solute, only the solute will form the vapours and solvent will not.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

2 Assertion (A): The addition of a non - volatile solute to a volatile solvent increases the [1]
8 boiling point. Reason (R): The addition of non - volatile solute results in lowering of vapour
pressure.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

Section C

2 State Henry’s law. Calculate the solubility of CO❑2 in water at 298 K under 760 mm Hg. (K [2]
9 ❑H for CO ❑2 in water at 298 K is 1.25 × 10 ❑6 mm Hg)
3 State how the vapour pressure of a solvent is affected when a non - volatile solute is [2]
0 dissolved in it.
3 Calculate the freezing point depression expected for 0.0711 m aqueous solution of Na❑2 SO [2]
1 ❑4 . If this solution actually freezes at - 0.320’C, what would be the value of Van’t Hoff
factor? (K ❑f for water = 1.86 ❑o C mol−1 )
3 Why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold water in comparison to warm water? [2]
2
3 What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is observed by mixing chloroform and acetone? [2]
3 Why is a decrease in vapour pressure observed on mixing chloroform and acetone?
3 Define Molarity. [2]
4
3 Define the following terms: [3]
5
1. Mole fraction
 2. Molarity

3 A solution of glucose (C 6 H 12 O6 ) in water is labelled as 10% by weight. What would be the [3]
6 molality of solution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol−1 )
3 An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol (C❑2 H ❑6 O ❑2 ) and 200 [3]
7 g of water. Calculate the molality of the solution. If the density of the solution is 1.072 g mL
❑ , then what shall be the molarity of the solution?
−1

3 Calculate the amount of benzoic acid (C❑6 H ❑5 COOH) required for preparing 250 mL of [3]
8 0.15 M solution in methanol.
3 How is osmotic pressure dependent upon number of moles of solute? [3]
9
4 Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in carbon [3]
0 tetrachloride.
4 What are ideal and non - ideal solutions?Explain with suitable diagram the behaviour of [5]
1 ideal solutions.
4 100 g of liquid A (molar mass 140 g mol❑−1 ) was dissolved in 1000 g of liquid B (molar [5]
2 mass 180 g mol ❑−1 ). The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was found to be 500 torr.
Calculate the vapour pressure of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if the
total vapour pressure of the solution is 475 Torr.
4 Discuss the biological and industrial importance of osmosis. [5]
3
4 Benzene and toluene form ideal solution over the entire range of composition. The vapour [5]
4 pressure of pure benzene and naphthalene at 300 K are 50.71 mm Hg and 32.06 mm Hg
respectively. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase if 80 g of benzene is
mixed with 100 g of toluene.
4 An aqueous solution of 2% non - volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the normal [5]
5 boiling point of the solvent. What is the molar mass of the solute?