𝜔

𝑅 4,10 , 𝐺 1,5 , 𝑌 8,0 , 𝐵(15,5)

𝑅
𝜔𝜏
𝜔𝜏
𝑣𝐶

Displacement of the lamp between two consecutive pulses, is

accounted for by the vectorial sum of the displacement of centre of
mass: 𝑣𝐶 𝜏, and the rotation component along the vector relative to
the centre, for the displacement of lamp between two consecutive
𝜔𝜏
pulses: 2𝑅 sin 𝜃෠
2

𝜔𝜏
∆𝑟Ԧ = 𝑣𝐶 𝜏 + 2𝑅 sin 𝜃෠
2
The vector sum of a constant vector with a rotating vecotr of
constant magnitude can be expressed as the addition of 𝑣𝐶 𝜏 to a
rotating vector that always has its tip at the circumference of circle
𝜔𝜏
of radius 2𝑅 sin 𝜃෠
2
 𝜔𝜏
∆𝑥𝑅𝐺 = 2𝑅 sin2 − 𝑣𝑐 𝜏,
2
𝜔𝜏
∆𝑥𝐺𝑌 = 2𝑅 sin2 + 𝑣𝑐 𝜏
2

1 ∆𝑥𝐺𝑌 −∆𝑥𝑅𝐺 𝑐𝑚
𝑣𝑐 = =2 ,
𝜏 2 𝑠

𝜔𝜏 1 ∆𝑥𝐺𝑌 +∆𝑥𝑅𝐺
2𝑅 sin2 = =5
2 𝜏 2

𝜔𝜏 𝜔𝜏
∆𝑦𝑅𝐺 = 2𝑅 sin cos =5
2 2

𝜔𝜏 𝜋 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
tan = 1, 𝜔 = = , ⇒ 𝑅 = 5 𝑐𝑚
2 2𝜏 2 𝑠

𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝜔
𝑣𝐶
90 − 𝜃
𝑅
𝑦 = 𝑦0 + 𝑅 cos 𝜔𝑡 (𝑆𝐻𝑀) 𝜃 𝜔𝑅

𝑣𝐶
∆𝑦 every 𝜏 seconds, remains constant
∆𝑦 = 10𝑅 − 5𝐺 = 5𝐺 − 0𝑌 = 0𝑌 − 5𝐵
Since ∆𝑦 ∝ cos 𝜔𝑡 ,
Constant difference is possible only in extremes (difference in
extreme and mean = Amplitude, covered in time T/4)
𝑇 𝜋 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
Hence, 𝜏 = , 𝑇 = 4𝜏, 𝜔= =
4 2𝜏 2 𝑠

Difference between extreme and mean is radius, 𝑅 = ∆𝑦 = 5cm

𝜏 𝜔
∆𝑥𝑅𝐺 = 𝑣𝐶 𝜏 − ‫׬‬0 𝜔 𝑑𝑡 𝑅 4,10
𝑣𝐶 𝐺 1,5
= 𝑣𝐶 𝜏 − 𝑅
(0,0)
𝑅+∆𝑥𝑅𝐺 5+(−3)
𝑣𝐶 = = = 2 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 Sense of 𝜔 is anticlockwise since ∆𝑥 is
𝜏 1
− ve initially, though 𝑣𝐶 is + ive
 O C
A 𝜃 E′

𝑚0
𝑚0 𝑔 𝑙
𝜃
𝑀𝑔 C B
O

D A 𝑙

ℎ − ∆ℎ
𝑀𝑔

ℎ
E
𝜃
A′ O′ B′ C′

At the extreme case, torque of the table at 𝐵′ must be equal to

torque due to the mass 𝑚0
ℎ ∆ℎ
𝜏𝑀 = 𝑀𝑔 𝐵′ 𝑂′ = 𝑀𝑔 ℎ sin 𝜃 = 𝑀𝑔
𝑙 2
∆ℎ 2 +
2

𝑙 ∆ℎ
In ∆𝐴𝐸𝐵 ′ , tan 𝜃 = ∆ℎ, sin 𝜃 =
2
𝑙 2
∆ℎ 2 +
2

𝜏𝑚0 = 𝑚0 𝑔 𝐵′ 𝐶 ′ = 𝑚0 𝑔 𝐶 ′ 𝑂′ − 𝐵′ 𝑂′ = 𝑚0 𝑔 𝐸 ′ 𝑂′ − 𝐵′ 𝑂′

𝑙 𝑙
𝑙 − ℎ ∆ℎ
2 2
𝜏𝑚0 = 𝑚0 𝑔 cos 𝜃 − ℎ sin 𝜃 = 𝑚0 𝑔
2
𝑙 2
∆ℎ 2 +
2

𝑙2 − 2 ℎ ∆ℎ
𝜏𝑚0 = 𝜏𝑀 , 𝑀 = 𝑚0
2 ℎ ∆ℎ
 𝐴1
𝑘𝑥4 𝑘𝑥3
D C

𝑥𝐵
𝑥𝐶 𝑙
C 𝑀 B
𝑥 𝑀 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝐴2
𝑥𝐷 𝑥𝐴
A B D A

𝑘𝑥1 𝑘𝑥2
𝑙

𝑀𝑔 = 𝑘(𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 ) − 1

Balancing torques about axes passing through the load and

parallel to the sides
𝜏𝐴1 = 𝑘𝑥1 𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥4 𝑥 − 𝑘𝑥2 𝑙 − 𝑥 − 𝑘𝑥3 𝑙 − 𝑥 = 0
𝑙
𝑥1 + 𝑥4 = 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 −1 − 2
𝑥

𝜏𝐴2 = 𝑘𝑥1 𝑦 + 𝑘𝑥2 𝑦 − 𝑘𝑥3 𝑙 − 𝑦 − 𝑘𝑥4 𝑙 − 𝑦 = 0

𝑙
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 −1 − 3
𝑦

Also, Since any two diagonally opposite points and the centre of
mass are always collinear, the arithemetic mean of shifts in each
pair of diagonally opposite points would be the shift in the centre
𝑥1 +𝑥3 𝑥2 +𝑥4
𝑥𝐶𝑂𝑀 = = , 𝑥1 + 𝑥3 = 𝑥2 + 𝑥4 − 4
2 2
Solving equations: 1 , 2 , 3 & (4)

𝑀𝑔 𝑌
𝑇1 = 𝑘𝑥1 = (𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2𝑙)
4𝑙
𝑀𝑔
𝑇2 = 𝑘𝑥2 = (𝑦 + 𝑥 − 2𝑙)
4𝑙
𝑀𝑔
𝑇3 = 𝑘𝑥3 = (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑙)
4𝑙
𝑀𝑔 𝑋
𝑇4 = 𝑘𝑥4 = (6𝑙 − 𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑙
4𝑙

Since strings are taut, 𝑇𝑛 >0, Graphing the four equations, would
result the square enclosed by the midpoints of the sides of the
original square

Since the cycle with the mass centre at C

is performing rotational motion at centre
O, the frictional force would provide the
necessary centripetal acceleration
directed from the mass centre to the
centre of rotation
 𝑂𝐹 = 𝑙 csc 𝜃
𝑂𝑅 = 𝑙 cot 𝜃
𝜃−𝜙
tan 𝜃 = 2 tan 𝜙 𝐹 𝑙
= cot 𝜙
2
𝑓1
𝐹 𝑙
𝑂𝐶 = csc 𝜙
𝑅 2
𝜙 𝑓2
𝑙 cot 𝜃 𝜙 𝑙
= 1 + 4 cot 2 𝜃
2

Friction force at F: 𝑓1 is towards O, and frictional force at R: 𝑓2 is

in the forward direction, such that the net frictional force at the
mass centre, would be directed towards the centre O to provide
the necessary centripetal acceleration

𝑓1 sin 𝜃 − 𝜙 = 𝑓2 cos 𝜙 (Perpendicular component vanishes)

𝐹
𝐹 𝑓1
= (Sine law) 90 + 𝜙
𝜃−𝜙

sin 180− 90+𝜙+𝜃−𝜙 sin 90+𝜙 𝑓2

𝑓1
𝑓1 cos 𝜃 𝜇𝑚𝑔 cos 𝜃
𝐹= =
cos 𝜙 cos 𝜙

𝑚𝑣 2 2𝑚𝑣 2 4𝑚𝑣 2 tan 𝜃

𝐹 = 𝐹𝑐 = 𝑙 = =
csc 𝜙 𝑙 1+4 cot2 𝜃 𝑙 4+tan2 𝜃
2

cos 𝜃
4𝑚𝑣 2 tan 𝜃 𝜇𝑚𝑔 cos 𝜃 𝜇𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃
= = 1
𝑙 4+tan2 𝜃 cos 𝜙
sec 𝜙

4𝑣 2 tan2 𝜃 tan2 𝜃
= 𝜇sec 𝜙 = 𝜇 1 + tan2 𝜙 = 𝜇 1 +
𝑔𝑙 sin 𝜃 4+tan2 𝜃 4

8𝑣 2 tan2 𝜃
𝜇=
𝑔𝑙 sin 𝜃 4 + tan2 𝜃
Motion of two balls of mass 𝑚 affixed to 𝜔, 𝛼
𝑂
the ends of the string can be resolved to a 𝜃

rotation of the centre of mass of mass 2𝑚 30°

𝜃

𝐹𝐶 = (𝑇1 + 𝑇2 ) cos 30 − 2𝑚𝑔 cos 60 − 𝜃 2𝑚 𝑇1

𝜃 𝑇2
= 2𝑚 𝜔2 𝑙 cos 30 𝑁
𝑁
𝐹𝑇 = 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 sin 30 + 2𝑚𝑔 sin 60 − 𝜃 𝑇2 30° 30°
𝑇1 𝐹𝐶
= (2𝑚)(𝛼)(𝑙 cos 30)
𝐹𝑇
Energy conservation:
60 − 𝜃 2𝑚𝑔
1
2𝑚 𝑙 2 𝜔2 = 2𝑚𝑔 𝑙 cos 30 sin 30 + 𝜃 − sin 30
2

2𝑔 cos 30
𝜔2 = sin 30 + 𝜃 − sin 30
𝑙

2𝑔 cos 30 𝑑𝜃
Differentiating, 2𝜔𝛼 = cos 30 + 𝜃
𝑙 𝑑𝑡

𝑔 cos 30
𝛼= cos 30 + 𝜃
𝑙

3 1 3
𝑇1 + 𝑇2 − 2𝑚𝑔 cos 60 − 𝜃 = 2𝑚𝑔 sin 30 + 𝜃 −
2 2 2

1 3
𝑇1 − 𝑇2 + 2𝑚𝑔 sin 60 − 𝜃 = 2𝑚𝑔 cos 30 + 𝜃
2 2

2 3
𝑇1 + 𝑇2 = 𝑚𝑔 5 sin 30 + 𝜃 − ,
3 2

𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = 𝑚𝑔 cos 30 + 𝜃
 𝑚𝑔 10
𝑇1 = sin 30 + 𝜃 + cos 30 + 𝜃 − 3
2 3

𝑚𝑔 10
𝑇2 = sin 30 + 𝜃 − cos 30 + 𝜃 − 3
2 3

𝑑𝑇1 𝑚𝑔 10 10
= cos 30 + 𝜃 − sin 30 + 𝜃 = 0, tan 30 + 𝜃 𝑇1 =
𝑑𝜃 2 3 3

𝑑𝑇2 𝑚𝑔 10 −10
= cos 30 + 𝜃 + sin 30 + 𝜃 = 0, tan 30 + 𝜃 𝑇2 =
𝑑𝜃 2 3 3

𝑚𝑔 10 10 3 𝑚𝑔 103
𝑇1𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑇2𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + − 3 = − 3
2 3 103 103 2 3

𝑁
𝑎𝑦𝐵 = 𝑔, 𝑎𝑥𝐵 =
𝑚

1
𝛼
𝑎𝑥𝐵 = 𝛼𝑟 2 = 𝛼𝑟
2

𝜏𝑂 2 𝑚𝑔𝑟−𝑁𝑟
𝛼= = 2
𝐼𝑂 2𝑚 𝑟 2 𝑁 45°

𝑔 𝑁 𝑁
𝛼𝑟 = − = 𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔
2 2𝑚 𝑚
𝑔
𝛼𝑟 = = 𝑎𝑥𝐵
3
 2𝑔𝑟
𝑎𝐴 = 𝛼 𝑟 2 =
3

2 2 𝑔 2 𝑔 10
𝑎𝐵 = 𝑎𝑥𝐵 + 𝑎𝑦𝐵 = + 𝑔 2 =
3 3

Final position of Bead B has to be at

the lowermost point of the rim of the 𝑟
𝜃
circle since otherwise it would have
tangentgial component of 𝜃

acceleration. Due to equilibrium the

𝑚𝑔
net torque is zero
𝜏𝐵 = 𝑚𝑔𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑚𝑔

𝜏𝐴 = 𝑚𝑔𝑟 cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃

1
𝜏𝐴 = 𝜏𝐵 , ⇒ tan 𝜃 =
2

Since pulley is fixed, net accelerations of the pulley is

nil, and torque on the cylinder would be zero.
Frcition would apply anticlockwise torque, against
the tensions. Hence, point of application of friction
would shift downwards towards the heavier mass
𝐹𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 = 0, 𝜏𝐶𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 0 𝑁
𝜇𝑁
𝐹𝑦 : 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 = 𝜇𝑁 sin 𝜃 + 𝑁 cos 𝜃 𝜃 90 − 𝜃
𝜃
𝐹𝑥 : 𝑁 sin 𝜃 = 𝜇𝑁 cos 𝜃
𝑇2 𝑇1
𝜏 ∶ 𝑇1 𝑅 = 𝜇𝑁 𝑟 + 𝑇2 𝑅
𝑇2
𝑟 𝑎 𝑇1
⇒ 𝜇 = tan 𝜃 , 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = 𝜇𝑁 ,
𝑅
𝑎
𝑇1 + 𝑇2 = 𝑁(𝜇 sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃) 𝑚𝑔

𝑀𝑔
𝜇 1
=𝑁 𝜇 + = 𝑁 1 + 𝜇2
1+𝜇 2 1+𝜇 2

𝜇𝑟
⇒ 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2
𝑅 1+𝜇 2

𝜇𝑟 𝜇𝑟 𝑅 1+𝜇2 +𝜇𝑟
𝑇1 1 − = 𝑇2 1 + , 𝑇1 = 𝑇2
𝑅 1+𝜇 2 𝑅 1+𝜇 2 𝑅 1+𝜇2 −𝜇𝑟

𝑇2 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎, 𝑀𝑔 − 𝑇1 = 𝑀𝑎

𝑅 1+𝜇 2 +𝜇𝑟 𝑅 1+𝜇 2 +𝜇𝑟

𝑇1 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎 ,
𝑅 1+𝜇 2 −𝜇𝑟 𝑅 1+𝜇 2 −𝜇𝑟

𝑀 𝑅 1 + 𝜇 2 − 𝜇𝑟 − 𝑚 𝑅 1 + 𝜇 2 − 𝜇𝑟
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑎 = 𝑔
𝑀 𝑅 1 + 𝜇 2 − 𝜇𝑟 + 𝑚 𝑅 1 + 𝜇 2 − 𝜇𝑟