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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE/SYSTEMS

This chapter presents various related studies and literature relevant to the

development of the Android-based Equipment Maintenance and Monitoring

System for the General Services and Infrastructure Project Management Office

(GSIPMO) at Northwest Samar State University. These references, drawn from

credible publications, highlight advancements in automation, mobile

technologies, and maintenance management systems, providing a foundation for

the proposed system’s design and implementation.

Related Literature

(1) The integration of context awareness and mobile factor ubiquity in

mobile government services has been shown to significantly enhance user

experience and operational efficiency. According to Mensah and

Mwakapesa (2022), context awareness allows mobile applications to adapt

to the user's environment, providing tailored services that meet specific

needs. This is particularly relevant for the proposed Android-based

Equipment Maintenance and Monitoring System for the General Services

and Infrastructure Project Management Office (GSIPMO) at Northwest

Samar State University. By leveraging context-aware features, the

application can facilitate real-time updates and notifications regarding

maintenance requests, thereby addressing the inefficiencies of the current

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manual processes. The study highlights that while context awareness

positively influences effort expectancy, it does not significantly impact

performance expectancy or the intention to use mobile government services.

This suggests that while users may appreciate the contextual relevance of

the application, the perceived benefits in terms of performance may require

further enhancement through user-friendly design and efficient workflows.

In contrast, the concept of mobile factor ubiquity emphasizes the

accessibility and immediacy of mobile services, allowing users to engage

with applications anytime and anywhere (Mensah & Mwakapesa, 2022).

This characteristic is crucial for the GSIPMO's transition from manual to

digital systems, as it enables maintenance personnel and administrative staff

to submit requests and monitor equipment status on-the-go. The study

indicates that mobile factor ubiquity significantly influences both effort

expectancy and the intention to use mobile government services, which

aligns with the project's objective of creating a user-friendly application that

encourages frequent and accurate usage. By integrating these two elements

—context awareness and mobile factor ubiquity—the proposed system aims

to streamline maintenance processes, improve data tracking, and enhance

overall operational capabilities within GSIPMO, ultimately leading to a more

efficient service delivery model.

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(1) The integration of mobile applications in occupational health and safety

(OHS) practices has been shown to significantly enhance operational

efficiency and data management, aligning closely with the objectives of

developing an automated Equipment Maintenance and Monitoring System

for the General Services and Infrastructure Project Management Office

(GSIPMO). Research by Naji et al. (2024) highlights how mobile applications

facilitate real-time incident reporting, proactive risk assessment, and

seamless communication, which are essential for improving workplace safety

standards. This is particularly relevant to GSIPMO's goal of digitizing

maintenance schedules and request submissions, as the proposed mobile

application aims to streamline workflows and enhance user experience by

replacing cumbersome manual processes with efficient digital solutions. The

findings suggest that mobile applications not only improve data accuracy and

tracking but also foster a culture of safety and accountability, which can be

mirrored in the maintenance management context by ensuring timely

updates and notifications for maintenance requests.

Conversely, while the adoption of mobile applications presents numerous

advantages, challenges such as security concerns and resistance to change

among users must be addressed to ensure successful implementation (Naji

et al., 2024). This mirrors the potential limitations faced by GSIPMO, where

transitioning from manual to automated systems may encounter similar

hurdles, including user adaptation and data privacy issues. The literature

emphasizes the importance of user-friendly interfaces and robust training

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programs to facilitate this transition, which is a critical aspect of GSIPMO's

project. By focusing on creating an intuitive mobile application that

encourages frequent and accurate usage, GSIPMO can mitigate these

challenges and enhance operational productivity. Thus, the insights gained

from the literature on mobile applications in OHS not only support the

objectives of GSIPMO's project but also provide a framework for addressing

potential barriers to successful implementation.

(3) The transition to mobile-based alert notification systems, as

exemplified by the Mobile Alert Notification System for Manufacturing

Production Lines (MANSMPL), highlights the significant advantages of real-

time communication in operational settings. MANSMPL addresses the

inefficiencies of traditional email notifications by implementing a role-based

access control (RBAC) system, ensuring that alerts are tailored to specific

users based on their roles within the organization. This targeted approach

not only enhances the relevance of notifications but also maintains

confidentiality and reduces information overload, which are critical in

manufacturing environments (Emran et al., 2024). Similarly, the proposed

Equipment Maintenance and Monitoring System for the General Services

and Infrastructure Project Management Office (GSIPMO) aims to automate

and digitize maintenance processes, thereby improving operational

efficiency. By integrating real-time updates and notifications, the GSIPMO

system seeks to streamline request submissions and enhance

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communication among staff, paralleling the objectives of MANSMPL in

fostering timely information sharing and proactive management.

While both systems focus on improving operational workflows through

mobile technology, they cater to different contexts—manufacturing and

government services. MANSMPL emphasizes the need for immediate alerts

in a high-stakes production environment, where delays can lead to significant

financial repercussions. In contrast, the GSIPMO system addresses the

bureaucratic challenges of manual processes in a government setting, where

inefficiencies can hinder service delivery and productivity. Despite these

differences, the underlying principle of leveraging mobile applications for

real-time monitoring and communication remains consistent. Both systems

aim to enhance user experience and operational effectiveness,

demonstrating the relevance of mobile solutions in diverse organizational

frameworks. The successful implementation of these systems could serve as

a model for other sectors seeking to transition from traditional methods to

more efficient, technology-driven processes.

(2) The integration of fog computing in healthcare monitoring systems has

emerged as a significant advancement in addressing the challenges of real-

time data processing and notification management. According to Elhadad et

al. (2022), fog computing enhances the efficiency of healthcare services by

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reducing latency and improving the speed of data transmission between IoT

devices and cloud servers. This paradigm allows for immediate processing of

health data collected from wearable devices, enabling timely notifications to

healthcare providers when patients exhibit abnormal health parameters. The

proposed framework emphasizes the importance of real-time monitoring and

automated notifications, which aligns closely with the objectives of

developing an Android-based Equipment Maintenance and Monitoring

System for the General Services and Infrastructure Project Management

Office (GSIPMO). Both systems aim to streamline processes and enhance

operational efficiency through automation and real-time updates, thereby

improving user experience and decision-making.

In contrast, while the healthcare monitoring system focuses on patient

health data and immediate medical responses, the GSIPMO application is

tailored to equipment maintenance and management within a governmental

context. The fog computing framework emphasizes the use of machine

learning algorithms for health data analysis, which is not a primary feature of

the GSIPMO system. Instead, the GSIPMO application prioritizes user-

friendly interfaces and automated workflows for maintenance requests,

reflecting a different set of operational needs. However, both systems share

a common goal of leveraging technology to replace manual processes,

reduce delays, and enhance data accuracy. The relevance of these systems

lies in their potential to transform traditional workflows into efficient,

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automated processes, ultimately leading to improved service delivery and

operational productivity in their respective fields.

(3) The development of a Cloud-Based Data Processing System for

universities, as discussed in the study by Yap and Velasco (2024), aligns

closely with the objective of automating and digitizing maintenance

schedules and requests within the General Services and Infrastructure

Project Management Office (GSIPMO) at Northwest Samar State University.

The research emphasizes the importance of addressing data processing

challenges in higher education institutions through innovative cloud

solutions, which can enhance operational efficiency and decision-making.

Similarly, the proposed Android-based application aims to streamline

maintenance workflows by replacing manual processes with automated

digital solutions. Both initiatives focus on improving data management and

operational productivity, highlighting the relevance of cloud computing and

mobile technology in transforming traditional workflows into more efficient

systems.

In contrast, while the Cloud-Based Data Processing System primarily

targets the broader context of higher education data management, the

GSIPMO project is specifically tailored to address the unique needs of

equipment maintenance monitoring. The cloud system's emphasis on

scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness resonates with the objectives of

the GSIPMO application, which seeks to provide real-time updates and

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centralized record-keeping. However, the GSIPMO project is limited to

internal use and does not extend to third-party integrations, which may

restrict its scalability compared to the cloud-based approach. This

comparison underscores the potential for mobile applications to enhance

specific operational areas within institutions while also recognizing the

broader implications of cloud technology in facilitating comprehensive data

management solutions.

(3) The adoption of cloud computing in higher education institutions, as

discussed by Alimboyong and Bucjan (2021), highlights significant

advantages such as flexibility, collaboration, and cost-effectiveness, which

are essential for modern educational environments. These benefits resonate

with the objectives of the proposed Android-based Equipment Maintenance

and Monitoring System for the General Services and Infrastructure Project

Management Office (GSIPMO) at Northwest Samar State University. The

study emphasizes the need for a digital solution to replace cumbersome

manual processes, which aligns with the findings that cloud services can

enhance operational efficiency and streamline workflows. By implementing a

mobile application that automates maintenance schedules and request

submissions, GSIPMO can leverage the collaborative and scalable nature of

cloud computing, thereby improving data management and decision-making

processes. The research indicates that while cloud adoption presents

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challenges such as security concerns and a lack of awareness, the potential

for improved service delivery and operational productivity is substantial.

In contrast, the challenges identified in the literature, such as slow internet

connectivity and insufficient understanding of cloud technologies, may pose

barriers to the successful implementation of the proposed system at

GSIPMO. Alimboyong and Bucjan (2021) note that these issues can

hinder the adoption of cloud computing in state universities, which may

similarly affect the mobile application’s effectiveness if not addressed. The

GSIPMO's reliance on manual processes indicates a potential gap in

technological readiness, which could impede the transition to a digital

maintenance management system. Therefore, while the proposed

application aims to enhance operational workflows and efficiency, it is crucial

to consider the existing challenges within the institution. This comparison

underscores the relevance of understanding both the benefits and barriers of

digital solutions in educational settings, ensuring that the implementation of

the mobile application is not only innovative but also feasible within the

current infrastructure and user capabilities at GSIPMO.

(4) To effectively address the objective of developing an Android-based

Equipment Maintenance and Monitoring System for the General Services

and Infrastructure Project Management Office (GSIPMO) at Northwest

Samar State University, it is essential to compare and contrast existing

literature on mobile-based reporting systems and their impact on operational

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efficiency. Li, Yang, and Jiang (2023) highlight the transformative potential

of mobile solutions in enhancing service delivery and streamlining workflows

within both government and private sectors. Their findings suggest that

mobile applications can significantly reduce processing delays and improve

data accuracy, aligning closely with the goals of the proposed system for

GSIPMO. In contrast, the current manual processes at GSIPMO, as

identified in the project context, lead to inefficiencies such as document

mismanagement and inconsistent data tracking. This juxtaposition

underscores the necessity of transitioning to a digital solution, as the

literature supports the assertion that mobile applications can mitigate the

challenges faced by GSIPMO, thereby enhancing operational productivity

and service quality.

Furthermore, the relevance of the proposed system is reinforced by the

literature's emphasis on user experience and real-time monitoring

capabilities. The study by Li et al. (2023) indicates that user-friendly

interfaces and real-time updates are critical components of successful

mobile applications, which resonate with the design objectives of the

GSIPMO system. By implementing features such as automated workflows

and centralized record-keeping, the proposed application aims to address

the specific needs of maintenance personnel and administrative staff, as

outlined in the project’s objectives. This alignment with best practices in

mobile application development not only enhances the likelihood of user

adoption but also ensures that the system effectively supports data-driven
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decision-making. Ultimately, the integration of insights from existing literature

with the practical needs of GSIPMO illustrates the potential for the proposed

system to significantly improve maintenance management processes and

operational efficiency.

(4) The integration of automation in administrative tasks within healthcare

settings has been a focal point of recent studies, particularly in the context of

enhancing operational efficiency and reducing bureaucratic burdens. Willis

et al. (2020) conducted a comprehensive analysis of the potential for

automating administrative tasks in general practice, revealing that

approximately 44% of these tasks could be automated using existing

technologies. This finding aligns with the objectives of the proposed Android-

based Equipment Maintenance and Monitoring System for the General

Services and Infrastructure Project Management Office (GSIPMO) at

Northwest Samar State University, which aims to digitize and automate

maintenance request processes. Both studies emphasize the importance of

transitioning from manual to automated systems to improve efficiency,

reduce processing delays, and enhance data accuracy. However, while

Willis et al. focus on healthcare administrative tasks, the GSIPMO project

specifically targets equipment maintenance management, highlighting a

sector-specific application of automation that addresses unique operational

challenges.

In contrast, the study by Willis et al. (2020) underscores the complexities

and nuances involved in implementing automation within healthcare, such as

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the need for careful consideration of task variability and the potential impact

on staff roles. This cautionary approach is echoed in the GSIPMO project,

which recognizes the limitations of its proposed system, including its focus

solely on maintenance management and the requirement for internet

connectivity. While both initiatives aim to streamline workflows and improve

service delivery, the GSIPMO project is designed with a more defined scope,

targeting specific inefficiencies in equipment maintenance processes rather

than the broader administrative functions explored by Willis et al. Ultimately,

the relevance of these studies lies in their shared goal of leveraging

technology to enhance operational productivity, albeit within different

contexts and with varying degrees of complexity in implementation.

In conclusion, the literature reviewed in this chapter underscores the

transformative potential of mobile technologies and automation in enhancing

operational efficiency, particularly within the context of the proposed Android-

based Equipment Maintenance and Monitoring System for the General

Services and Infrastructure Project Management Office (GSIPMO) at

Northwest Samar State University. Key themes emerge from the studies,

including the importance of context awareness and mobile ubiquity in

improving user experience, the role of real-time notifications in streamlining

workflows, and the benefits of cloud computing for data management. While

the literature highlights significant advantages, such as improved data

accuracy and operational productivity, it also identifies challenges related to

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user adaptation, security concerns, and technological readiness that must be

addressed for successful implementation. By integrating insights from

various studies, the proposed system aims to mitigate existing inefficiencies

in manual processes, foster a culture of accountability, and ultimately

enhance service delivery within GSIPMO. This comprehensive

understanding of related literature not only supports the project's objectives

but also provides a framework for navigating potential barriers to the

adoption of innovative digital solutions in maintenance management.