Chapter 5 revision
Reasons for using USBs:
– automatically detects the hardware/installs drivers
– plug only goes in one way/can’t connect incorrectly
– supports different data transmission speeds/a range of data transmission speeds
– has become the industry standard/universally used
– backwards compatible (with earlier versions of USB ports)
Describe what is meant by HTML structure and presentation for a web page.
− Structure and presentation are defined using (mark-up) tags
− Structure and presentation dictate the appearance of the website
− Structure is used for layout
− Presentation is used for formatting / style
− Separate file / CSS can be used for presentation content
Uses of Cookies
− To store items that a customer has added to an online shopping basket
− To store a customer’s credit card details
− To store log-in details
− To track what product a customer browses // Track music preferences
− Targeted advertising // making recommendations
− Personalises/customises the experience
− Shows who are new and returning customers
− To speed up log-in times
− To speed up/allow single click purchases
− Improves the experience
Explain how encryption improves data security
– Encrypted text is meaningless
– Need the key to decrypt the text
Explain one method that could be used to increase the level of security
provided by the encryption.
– Increase length / more bits used for key «
– « will generate more possibilities for key / less chance of decryption by brute force
method
benefits of using the USB port to connect the printer to the computer.
− Faster speed of printing
− Can print duplex / on both sides
− Many letters can be printed from one toner cartridge
− Can print in high volumes
Drawback
− Toner cartridge more expensive to buy
− More time to warm-up
− Larger footprint
1 mark for each correct answer, in the given order: • browser • webpages • Internet
Service Provider (ISP) • Internet • protocol • IP address
Methods to keep your network safe
Backups
• Make a copy of the data • Copy stored away from main computer • Data can be
restored from backup
Anti-virus
• Scans computer for viruses • Software to detect/remove viruses • Can prevent data
being corrupted by viruses
Firewall • Hardware or software that monitors network traffic • To help prevent
hackers gaining access / deleting data
Password/Biometrics
• To help protect files / computer from unauthorised access Restricted access • To
stop users downloading/installing software that could harm
Verification • Message e.g. to ask if definitely want to delete
Physical methods
• Locks/alarms/CCTV to alert/deter unauthorised access
Four statements about cookies are shown in the table below.
Describe three ethical issues that should be considered when using
computers.
– That we should follow Copyright laws/intellectual property rights/work should not
be stolen/plagiarised
– That we should follow Data Protection laws
– That we should not create or distribute malware//description of malware
– That we should not hack/crack other computers//description of hacking
– That we should protect our own computers against malware/hacking
– That we should consider privacy issues (when using social networking)
– That we consider anonymity issues (when using social networking)
– That we should consider environmental impacts when using computers
– Loss/creation of jobs from use of computers/robotics
– We should follow codes of practice (for creation of code e.g. ACM/IEEE)
Describe tasks carried out by a firewall.
– examines/monitors traffic to and from a user’s computer and a network/Internet
– checks whether incoming and outgoing traffic meets a given set of criteria/rules
– firewall blocks/filters traffic that doesn’t meet the criteria/rules
– logs all incoming and outgoing traffic
– can prevent viruses or hackers gaining access
– blocks/filters access to specified IP addresses/websites
– warns users of attempts by software (in their computer) trying to access external
data sources (e.g. updating of software) etc. // warns of attempted unauthorised
access to the system
There are a number of security risks associated with using the Internet. Name
three of these risks. For each, state why it is a risk and describe how the risk
can be minimised.
Explain what is meant by computer ethics.
– Set of principles / laws that regulate the use of computers – Covers intellectual
property rights (e.g. copying of software) – Privacy issues (e.g. accessing personal
information) – Impact of computers on society (relevant examples can be credited)
ways of preventing accidental loss or corruption of data.
Hexadecimal codes are used in MAC addresses.
(a) State what is meant by the term MAC.
media access control
(b) Explain what the hexadecimal code in a MAC address represents.
– hardware/physical address
– unique address/number associated (with network card in) a
device/computer
– usually 48/64 bits (12/16 hex digits)
– first 6/8 digits = manufacturer code/ID of device (NIC)
– last 6/8 digits = serial number of device (NIC)
Explain how the web browser uses the URL to access the webpage.
• The web browser sends URL to DNS
• DNS stores an index of URL and matching IP address
• DNS searches for URL to obtain the IP address
• IP address sent to web browser, (if found)
• Web browser sends request to IP of webserver
• Webserver sends web page to web browser
• Web browser interprets HTML to display web page
• If URL not found DNS returns error
functions of a browser.
• Display a web page • Sends a request to the web server • Receives data from web
server • Translates HTML files • Processes client-side script, e.g. JavaScript • Store
favourites • Store history • Navigation forward and backward • Check security • Store
/ access cookies • Find specific text within a web page • Downloading file from the
web • Allows a homepage • Allows multiple tabs / web pages to be opened • Stores
data in its cache