Cheatsheets / Learn JavaScript

Introduction

Assignment Operators

An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand let number = 100;
based on the value of its right operand. Here are some of
them:
+= addition assignment // Both statements will add 10
-= subtraction assignment number = number + 10;
*= multiplication assignment number += 10;
/= division assignment

[Link](number);
// Prints: 120

String Interpolation

String interpolation is the process of evaluating string literals let age = 7;

containing one or more placeholders (expressions, variables,
etc).
It can be performed using template literals: text // String concatenation
${expression} text . 'Tommy is ' + age + ' years old.';

// String interpolation
`Tommy is ${age} years old.`;

Variables

Variables are used whenever there’s a need to store a piece const currency = '$';
of data. A variable contains data that can be used in the
let userIncome = 85000;
program elsewhere. Using variables also ensures code re-
usability since it can be used to replace the same value in
multiple places. [Link](currency + userIncome + ' is more
than the average income.');
// Prints: $85000 is more than the average
income.
Undefined

undefined is a primitive JavaScript value that represents var a;

lack of defined value. Variables that are declared but not
initialized to a value will have the value undefined .
[Link](a);
// Prints: undefined

Learn Javascript: Variables

A variable is a container for data that is stored in computer // Examples of variables

memory. It is referenced by a descriptive name that a
let name = "Tammy";
programmer can call to assign a specific value and retrieve it.
const found = false;
var age = 3;
[Link](name, found, age);
// Prints: Tammy false 3

Declaring Variables

To declare a variable in JavaScript, any of these three var age;

keywords can be used along with a variable name:
let weight;
var is used in pre-ES6 versions of JavaScript.
let is the preferred way to declare a variable when it const numberOfFingers = 20;
can be reassigned.
const is the preferred way to declare a variable with
a constant value.

Template Literals

Template literals are strings that allow embedded expressions, let name = "Codecademy";
${expression} . While regular strings use single ' or double
[Link](`Hello, ${name}`);
" quotes, template literals use backticks instead.
// Prints: Hello, Codecademy

[Link](`Billy is ${6+8} years old.`);

// Prints: Billy is 14 years old.
 let Keyword

let creates a local variable in JavaScript & can be re- let count;
assigned. Initialization during the declaration of a let
[Link](count); // Prints: undefined
variable is optional. A let variable will contain undefined if
nothing is assigned to it. count = 10;
[Link](count); // Prints: 10

const Keyword

A constant variable can be declared using the keyword const numberOfColumns = 4;

const . It must have an assignment. Any attempt of re-
numberOfColumns = 8;
assigning a const variable will result in JavaScript runtime
error. // TypeError: Assignment to constant
variable.

String Concatenation

In JavaScript, multiple strings can be concatenated together let service = 'credit card';
using the + operator. In the example, multiple strings and
let month = 'May 30th';
variables containing string values have been concatenated.
After execution of the code block, the displayText variable let displayText = 'Your ' + service + ' bill
will contain the concatenated string. is due on ' + month + '.';

[Link](displayText);
// Prints: Your credit card bill is due on
May 30th.

[Link]()

The [Link]() method is used to log or print messages [Link]('Hi there!');

to the console. It can also be used to print objects and other
// Prints: Hi there!
info.

JavaScript

JavaScript is a programming language that powers the

dynamic behavior on most websites. Alongside HTML and
CSS, it is a core technology that makes the web run.
Methods

Methods return information about an object, and are called // Returns a number between 0 and 1
by appending an instance with a period . , the method name,
[Link]();
and parentheses.

Built-in Objects

Built-in objects contain methods that can be called by [Link]();

appending the object name with a period . , the method
name, and a set of parentheses.
// ☝️ Math is the built-in object

Numbers

Numbers are a primitive data type. They include the set of all let amount = 6;
integers and floating point numbers.
let price = 4.99;

String .length

The .length property of a string returns the number of let message = 'good nite';
characters that make up the string.
[Link]([Link]);
// Prints: 9

[Link]('howdy'.length);
// Prints: 5

Data Instances

When a new piece of data is introduced into a JavaScript

program, the program keeps track of it in an instance of that
data type. An instance is an individual case of a data type.

Booleans

Booleans are a primitive data type. They can be either true let lateToWork = true;
or false .
 [Link]()

The [Link]() method returns a floating-point, [Link]([Link]());

random number in the range from 0 (inclusive) up to but not
// Prints: 0 - 0.9999999999999999
including 1.

[Link]()

The [Link]() function returns the largest integer less [Link]([Link](5.95));

than or equal to the given number.
// Prints: 5

Single Line Comments

In JavaScript, single-line comments are created with two // This line will denote a comment
consecutive forward slashes // .

Null

Null is a primitive data type. It represents the intentional let x = null;

absence of value. In code, it is represented as null .

Strings

Strings are a primitive data type. They are any grouping of let single = 'Wheres my bandit hat?';
characters (letters, spaces, numbers, or symbols) surrounded
let double = "Wheres my bandit hat?";
by single quotes ' or double quotes " .
Arithmetic Operators

JavaScript supports arithmetic operators for: // Addition

+ addition
5 + 5
- subtraction
* multiplication // Subtraction
/ division 10 - 5
% modulo // Multiplication
5 * 10
// Division
10 / 5
// Modulo
10 % 5

Multi-line Comments

In JavaScript, multi-line comments are created by /*

surrounding the lines with /* at the beginning and */ at the
The below configuration must be
end. Comments are good ways for a variety of reasons like
explaining a code block or indicating some hints, etc. changed before deployment.
*/

let baseUrl = 'localhost/taxwebapp/country';

Remainder / Modulo Operator

The remainder operator, sometimes called modulo, returns // calculates # of weeks in a year, rounds
the number that remains after the right-hand number divides
down to nearest integer
into the left-hand number as many times as it evenly can.
const weeksInYear = [Link](365/7);

// calcuates the number of days left over

after 365 is divded by 7
const daysLeftOver = 365 % 7 ;

[Link]("A year has " + weeksInYear + "

weeks and " + daysLeftOver + " days");

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