Reflect Reading & Writing, Level 5: Unit 2 Assessment

Name: Class: Date:

VOCABULARY
Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

1. Let’s ____________ instead of working separately. We’ll finish faster and do a better job.
a. eliminate b. extend c. collaborate
2. In their ____________, researchers asked participants for their opinions about recycling.
a. survey b. purchase c. principle
3. I need to ____________ my computer. This one is five years old and doesn’t work very well anymore.
a. extend b. wear out c. upgrade
4. When we moved to a smaller home, we had to give away many of our ____________.
a. principles b. possessions c. components
5. Many cities are trying to ____________ plastic bags and bottles.
a. upgrade b. eliminate c. extract
6. The ____________ in this cell phone are made in many different countries.
a. components b. flaws c. possessions
7. We know that a ____________ is causing the problem with the computer program, but we are not sure
how to fix it.
a. purchase b. principle c. flaw
8. Clean energy, like solar and wind, is the ____________ to slowing climate change.
a. key b. demand c. principle
9. The ____________ for energy is increasing dramatically, especially in the developing world.
a. claim b. key c. demand
10. In the past, we ____________ energy from the earth. Today, we have cleaner sources of energy.
a. eliminated b. extracted c. extended

GRAMMAR
Re-write each sentence with the correct passive verb form.

11. People are using more gas every year.

More gas _______________________ every year.

12. People throw millions of pieces of furniture into landfills every year.
Millions of pieces of furniture _______________________ into landfills every year.

13. The professors reviewed college admission applications last week.

College admission applications _______________________ last week.

14. Engineers are designing products that last longer.

Products _______________________ that last longer.

15. We don’t use the university identity card on campus anymore.

The university identity card _______________________ on campus anymore.

©2021 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company 1

16. We could repair devices when they break.
Devices _______________________ when they break.

17. Scientists published the results of the study in an important journal.

The results of the study _______________________ in an important journal.

18. People shouldn’t waste a valuable resource like food.

A valuable resource like food _______________________.

READING FOR MAIN IDEAS

Read the text. Then match the main idea to the correct paragraph. Not all main ideas are used.

THE RIGHT TO REPAIR

A Every year, people throw away thousands of phones, computers, and electric appliances, such
as washing machines and toasters. This is called e-waste, and we produce a lot of it—about 50 million
tons every year. Around 80 percent of it ends up in landfill. In fact, e-waste is the fastest-growing type
of waste on the planet, but we could slow this trend by changing our relationship with our possessions.

B There are two main reasons for this growing problem. First, the quality of many products has
decreased. Manufacturers design their products for a short life so that consumers will buy them more
often. It’s a good plan for business, but not a very good plan for the planet. Second, today’s electronic
products are manufactured in a way that makes them very difficult or even impossible to repair.
Repairing them may require special equipment, replacement components, and instruction books, which
are often not available to consumers or independent repair shops. Therefore, if you want to repair your
phone or computer, you usually have to return it to the manufacturer. These repairs can be very
expensive because the manufacturer can set the price. They can also take a long time, but consumers
often have no other option. If the repair is too expensive or too difficult, consumers may decide to
return the old broken model and upgrade to a newer model instead. Then the manufacturer can
refurbish the old, broken model and resell it. Either way, these companies make a good profit. One
study estimates that they make more than 16 billion dollars a year on repairs and 80 billion dollars a
year on refurbishing.

C According to many experts, much of our e-waste could be eliminated, and consumers are
starting to demand change. European consumers are leading this movement. They are demanding that
manufacturers make products that last longer. Starting from 2019, the European Union has required
household electronics, like washing machines and dishwashers, to last for at least ten years. A similar
law for consumer electronics, such as phones and tablets, was passed two years later. Manufacturers
must also make these products easy to take apart so that their components can be recycled. But
consumers in Europe want more: They are demanding the right to repair their own purchases. Leaders
of this “Right to Repair” movement want consumers to be given access to special equipment,
replacement parts, and instruction books so they can repair these products themselves.

D Some consumers are not waiting for companies to act. They are creating their own instruction
books and putting them on an internet site. This site offers repair instruction books for 70,000 different
products in eleven languages. Ten million people visit the site every month looking for ways to extend
the life of products they own. This is convenient for many consumers, and for others, the right to repair
their possessions is essential to their business. For example, farmers today use very complicated
equipment that uses advanced software. When this equipment breaks, farmers may have to wait weeks
or even months for expensive repairs by the manufacturer. But that’s often too late; their crops cannot
wait.

©2021 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company 2

 E The negative impact of e-waste is more than just landfill. Electronics like phones and
computers contain components that harm the environment. Furthermore, the manufacture of these
electronics uses non-renewable energy, so it is a factor in global warming. Upgrading to new models
frequently causes a real environmental problem. According to one source, 83 percent of a phone’s
contribution to global warming comes from mining raw materials and manufacturing, so extending its
life would make a big difference. One study estimates that if we could extend the life of our cell
phones for one year, this would have an impact similar to taking 636,000 cars off the road.

F Most manufacturers oppose the Right to Repair movement. They claim that their rules protect
consumers because consumers and independent repair shops might make mistakes that would damage
these complicated electronic products. Supporters of the Right to Repair disagree. They believe that if
you bought a product, you own it. If you own it, you should be able to repair it. They say it’s the right
thing to do for consumers, their businesses, and for the planet.

a. Paragraph B
b. Paragraph C
c. Paragraph D
d. Paragraph E
e. Paragraph F
19. ____Some people are finding ways to repair their devices without the manufacturers’ help.
20. ____E-waste can harm the environment when products are made, and also when they are thrown away.
21. ____People are throwing away electronic products because the quality is poor, and they are hard to
repair.
22. ____Many consumers want to be able to repair their electronic devices, but the manufacturers
disagree.
23. ____Consumers in some countries are demanding higher quality products and the right to repair them.

READING FOR DETAILS

Read. Then write T (true) or F (false). Correct the underlined section in a false statement.

THE RIGHT TO REPAIR

A Every year, people throw away thousands of phones, computers, and electric appliances, such
as washing machines and toasters. This is called e-waste, and we produce a lot of it—about 50 million
tons every year. Around 80 percent of it ends up in landfill. In fact, e-waste is the fastest-growing type
of waste on the planet, but we could slow this trend by changing our relationship with our possessions.

B There are two main reasons for this growing problem. First, the quality of many products has
decreased. Manufacturers design their products for a short life so that consumers will buy them more
often. It’s a good plan for business, but not a very good plan for the planet. Second, today’s electronic
products are manufactured in a way that makes them very difficult or even impossible to repair.
Repairing them may require special equipment, replacement components, and instruction books, which
are often not available to consumers or independent repair shops. Therefore, if you want to repair your
phone or computer, you usually have to return it to the manufacturer. These repairs can be very
expensive because the manufacturer can set the price. They can also take a long time, but consumers
often have no other option. If the repair is too expensive or too difficult, consumers may decide to
return the old broken model and upgrade to a newer model instead. Then the manufacturer can
refurbish the old, broken model and resell it. Either way, these companies make a good profit. One
study estimates that they make more than 16 billion dollars a year on repairs and 80 billion dollars a
year on refurbishing.

©2021 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company 3

 C According to many experts, much of our e-waste could be eliminated, and consumers are
starting to demand change. European consumers are leading this movement. They are demanding that
manufacturers make products that last longer. Starting from 2019, the European Union has required
household electronics, like washing machines and dishwashers, to last for at least ten years. A similar
law for consumer electronics, such as phones and tablets, was passed two years later. Manufacturers
must also make these products easy to take apart so that their components can be recycled. But
consumers in Europe want more: They are demanding the right to repair their own purchases. Leaders
of this “Right to Repair” movement want consumers to be given access to special equipment,
replacement parts, and instruction books so they can repair these products themselves.

D Some consumers are not waiting for companies to act. They are creating their own instruction
books and putting them on an internet site. This site offers repair instruction books for 70,000 different
products in eleven languages. Ten million people visit the site every month looking for ways to extend
the life of products they own. This is convenient for many consumers, and for others, the right to repair
their possessions is essential to their business. For example, farmers today use very complicated
equipment that uses advanced software. When this equipment breaks, farmers may have to wait weeks
or even months for expensive repairs by the manufacturer. But that’s often too late; their crops cannot
wait.

E The negative impact of e-waste is more than just landfill. Electronics like phones and
computers contain components that harm the environment. Furthermore, the manufacture of these
electronics uses non-renewable energy, so it is a factor in global warming. Upgrading to new models
frequently causes a real environmental problem. According to one source, 83 percent of a phone’s
contribution to global warming comes from mining raw materials and manufacturing, so extending its
life would make a big difference. One study estimates that if we could extend the life of our cell
phones for one year, this would have an impact similar to taking 636,000 cars off the road.

F Most manufacturers oppose the Right to Repair movement. They claim that their rules protect
consumers because consumers and independent repair shops might make mistakes that would damage
these complicated electronic products. Supporters of the Right to Repair disagree. They believe that if
you bought a product, you own it. If you own it, you should be able to repair it. They say it’s the right
thing to do for consumers, their businesses, and for the planet.

24. To access the components inside electronic devices, you usually have to take it to a repair shop.
________________________

25. Manufacturers make a big profit from refurbishing and reselling their electronic devices.
________________________

26. E-waste could be reduced if cell phones used renewable energy.

________________________

27. The right-to-repair website receives 10 million visits a month.

________________________

28. Repairs by the manufacturer can cost a lot and take a long time.
________________________

©2021 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company 4

 READING SKILL
Read the paragraphs that a student has annotated. Then choose the correct words to complete
the sentences.

B There are two main reasons for this growing problem. First, the quality of many products
has decreased. Manufacturers design their products for a short life so that consumers will buy them
more often. It’s a good plan for business, but not a very good plan for the planet. Second, today’s
electronic products are manufactured in a way that makes them very difficult or even impossible
to repair. Repairing them may require special equipment, replacement components, and instruction
books, which are often not available to consumers or independent repair shops. Therefore, if you want
to repair your phone or computer, you usually have to return it to the manufacturer. These repairs can
be very expensive because the manufacturer can set the price. They can also take a long time, but
consumers often have no other option. If the repair is too expensive or too difficult, consumers may
decide to return the old broken model and upgrade to a newer model instead. Then the manufacturer
can refurbish the old, broken model and resell it. Either way, these companies make a good profit. One
study estimates that they make more than 16 billion dollars a year on repairs and 80 billion dollars a
year on refurbishing.
…
E The negative impact of e-waste is more than just landfill. Electronics like phones and
computers contain components that harm the environment. Furthermore, the manufacture of these
electronics uses non-renewable energy, so it is a factor in global warming. Upgrading to new models
frequently causes a real environmental problem. According to one source, 83 percent of a phone’s
contribution to global warming comes from mining raw materials and manufacturing, so extending its
life would make a big difference. One study estimates that if we could extend the life of our cell
phones for one year, this would have a similar impact to taking 636,000 cars off the road.

29. The student bolded the sentence in paragraph B because it has ________________.
a. the main idea b. a supporting idea c. an important detail
30. The student bolded the sentence in paragraph E because it is ________________.
a. the main idea b. a supporting idea c. a summary
31. The student probably underlined parts of paragraph B because they are ________________.
a. unknown words b. supporting ideas c. examples
32. The student probably underlined parts of paragraph E because they are ________________.
a. example b. statistics c. summaries
33. The student probably underlined twice the word in paragraph E because it is ________________.
a. an unknown word b. an important detail c. a statistic

WRITING SKILL
Choose the two correct answers.

34. ____Which elements are usually in an opening paragraph?

a. a summary c. a hook
b. a thesis statement d. a topic sentence
35. ____Which elements are usually in a thesis statement?
a. a hook c. supporting ideas
b. a topic d. a claim

©2021 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company 5

36. ____Which elements are usually in a body paragraph?
a. details c. supporting ideas
b. a thesis statement d. a summary
37. ____Which elements are often in a concluding paragraph?
a. a summary c. a topic sentence
b. new information d. an evaluation

CRITICAL THINKING SKILL

Rank the items in order from what you think is the largest number to the smallest (1-5).

number of number of cell global number of number of new cell

new cell phones thrown population refurbished cell phones in 10 years
phones today away today phones today

38. #1 ________________________________

39. #2 ________________________________

40. #3 ________________________________

41. #4 ________________________________

42. #5 ________________________________

WRITING PRACTICE 1
Rewrite the underlined section of each sentence in the passive voice.
NARREND

43. We can recycle many of the components in cell phones.

Many of the components in cell phones ______________________________________.

44. Experts claim that we could reduce most of our current e-waste.
Experts claim that most of our current e-waste _________________________________.

45. People offer thousands of instruction books on the right-to-repair website.

Thousands of instruction books _____________________on the right-to-repair website.

46. With the right to repair, we can extend the life of electronics.
With the right to repair, the life of electronics _________________________________.

47. If farmers wait too long for repairs to their equipment, it may ruin their crops.
If farmers wait too long for repairs to their equipment, __________________________.

©2021 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company 6

 WRITING PRACTICE 2
What is your opinion about this question?

“Which is more beneficial for consumers: ownership or

usership?”

Support your answer with reasons and examples.

48. Write at least 200 words.

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

©2021 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company 7

 UNIT 2 Test
Answer Key

1. ANS: C
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Vocabulary NAR: L5U2_MC1

2. ANS: A
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Vocabulary NAR: L5U2_MC1

3. ANS: C
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Vocabulary NAR: L5U2_MC1

4. ANS: B
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Vocabulary NAR: L5U2_MC1

5. ANS: B
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Vocabulary NAR: L5U2_MC1

6. ANS: A
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Vocabulary NAR: L5U2_MC1

7. ANS: C
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Vocabulary NAR: L5U2_MC1

8. ANS: A
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Vocabulary NAR: L5U2_MC1

9. ANS: C
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Vocabulary NAR: L5U2_MC1

10. ANS: B
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Vocabulary NAR: L5U2_MC1

11. ANS: is being used

PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Grammar NAR: L5U2_CO1

12. ANS: are thrown

PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Grammar NAR: L5U2_CO1

13. ANS: were reviewed

PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Grammar NAR: L5U2_CO1

14. ANS: are being designed

PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Grammar NAR: L5U2_CO1

15. ANS: isn’t used, is not used

PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Grammar NAR: L5U2_CO1

16. ANS: could be repaired

PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Grammar NAR: L5U2_CO1

17. ANS: were published

PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Grammar NAR: L5U2_CO1

©2021 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company 8

18. ANS: shouldn’t be wasted, should not be wasted
PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Grammar NAR: L5U2_CO1

19. ANS: C PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading for Main Ideas
20. ANS: D PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading for Main Ideas
21. ANS: A PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading for Main Ideas
22. ANS: E PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading for Main Ideas
23. ANS: B PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading for Main Ideas

24. ANS: F, the manufacturer

PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading for Details NAR: L5U2_MTF1

25. ANS: T
PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading for Details NAR: L5U2_MTF1

26. ANS: F
were repaired or refurbished
were repaired
were refurbished
PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading for Details NAR: L5U2_MTF1

27. ANS: T
PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading for Details NAR: L5U2_MTF1

28. ANS: T
PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading for Details NAR: L5U2_MTF1

29. ANS: B
PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading Skill NAR: L5U2_MC2

30. ANS: A
PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading Skill NAR: L5U2_MC2

31. ANS: C
PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading Skill NAR: L5U2_MC2

32. ANS: B
PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading Skill NAR: L5U2_MC2

33. ANS: A
PTS: 2 REF: L5U2 TOP: Reading Skill NAR: L5U2_MC2

34. ANS: B, C
PTS: 3 REF: L5U2 TOP: Writing Skill NAR: L5U2_MR1

35. ANS: B, D
PTS: 3 REF: L5U2 TOP: Writing Skill NAR: L5U2_MR1

36. ANS: A, C
PTS: 3 REF: L5U2 TOP: Writing Skill NAR: L5U2_MR1

37. ANS: A, D
PTS: 3 REF: L5U2 TOP: Writing Skill NAR: L5U2_MR1

©2021 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company 9

38. ANS: global population
PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Critical Thinking Skill NAR: L5U2_CO2

39. ANS: number of new cell phones in 10 years

PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Critical Thinking Skill NAR: L5U2_CO2

40. ANS: number of new cell phones today

PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Critical Thinking Skill NAR: L5U2_CO2

41. ANS: number of cell phones thrown away today

PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Critical Thinking Skill NAR: L5U2_CO2

42. ANS: number of refurbished cell phones today

PTS: 1 REF: L5U2 TOP: Critical Thinking Skill NAR: L5U2_CO2

43. ANS:
can be recycled
PTS: 3 REF: L5U2 TOP: Writing Practice 1 NAR: L5U2_SA1

44. ANS:
could be reduced
PTS: 3 REF: L5U2 TOP: Writing Practice 1 NAR: L5U2_SA1

45. ANS:
are offered
PTS: 3 REF: L5U2 TOP: Writing Practice 1 NAR: L5U2_SA1

46. ANS:
can be extended
PTS: 3 REF: L5U2 TOP: Writing Practice 1 NAR: L5U2_SA1

47. ANS:
their crops may be ruined
PTS: 3 REF: L5U2 TOP: Writing Practice 1 NAR: L5U2_SA1

48. ANS:
Students’ own answers
PTS: 12 REF: L5U2 TOP: Writing Practice 2 MSC: IELTS|TOEFL
NAR: L5U2_ESSAY

©2021 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company 10