Unit 7 Diet and Growth
7.1 Nutrients
Nutrients
Substances found in food
Need to stay healthy
- Protein
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Glucose - acts as fuel
Used for respiration, to release energy
Found in rice (as starch), sugar (glucose),
potato, pasta, bread
Nutrients
Proteins
Used for making new cells in body
Help the body to grow or to repair itself if damaged
Needed to make haemoglobin, antibodies
Found in eggs, meat, chicken, fish
Nutrients
Fats and oils
Give energy
Needed to make cell membranes
Found in butter, cream, cheese
Energy stores
Energy needed at all times to do work
Carbohydrates - instant energy source; small amount stored in liver and muscles,
short-term energy stores
Fats - long term energy stores, provide energy when needed
- Stored in cells underneath the skin; act as heat insulation; adaptation in
animals living in cold places
If body runs out of carbs and fats, proteins provide energy
Vitamins
Essential nutrients but needed in small amounts
Water
Almost 60% of body weight is water
Water in cells allow all the different
chemicals inside them to dissolve, so
they can react together
These reactions keep us alive
Water in blood allows it to flow easily,
transporting substances all around the
body
Unit 7 Diet and Growth
7.2 A balanced diet
Diet
Food that you eat each day
Provides us with different kinds of nutrients
Gives you right amount of energy
How much energy needed
Energy coming from food should be equal to energy used up
Most energy come from _______________ and _______________
Different people need different diets
Young people in growing stage
- need more protein to make new
cells and enough carbohydrate
and little bit of fat to get energy
People with prolonged sitting
- Not much energy needed
Pregnant women
- Plenty of protein to build growing
baby’s new cells
- Iron to make baby,s haemoglobin
- Calcium to build baby’s bones
Fibre
Not a nutrient
Cannot digest it, doesn’t go in your blood ir cells
Travels all the way through digestive system and
leaves the body as faeces
Helps prevent constipation
Made of cellulose found in cell walls of plants
Contains minerals and vitamins, too
Sources - cereal grains, seeds, fruits, vegetables
Food groups
Show the proportion of different kinds of foods to be taken in
Excess of some nutrients can cause health problems
Too much sugar - teeth decay, diabetes
Too much fat/oil or carbs - weight gain, strain on joints, heart problems
Too much fat from animals - heart diseases