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Variable Acceleration in Automobile Motion

The document discusses various problems related to rectilinear motion with constant acceleration, freely falling bodies, motion with variable acceleration, curvilinear translation, and kinetics. It includes detailed solutions for calculating distances, times, velocities, and accelerations in different scenarios. Key results include distances covered during acceleration and constant speed, total time of travel, and calculations involving projectile motion and forces on blocks with friction.

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Jhondee
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424 views6 pages

Variable Acceleration in Automobile Motion

The document discusses various problems related to rectilinear motion with constant acceleration, freely falling bodies, motion with variable acceleration, curvilinear translation, and kinetics. It includes detailed solutions for calculating distances, times, velocities, and accelerations in different scenarios. Key results include distances covered during acceleration and constant speed, total time of travel, and calculations involving projectile motion and forces on blocks with friction.

Uploaded by

Jhondee
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

RECTILINEAR MOTION WITH CONSTANT ACCELERATION

An automobile starting from rest speeds up to 40 meters per second with a constant acceleration
of 4𝑚/𝑠2 , runs at this speed for a time, and finally comes to rest with deceleration of 5𝑚/𝑠2 . If
the total distance travelled is 1000 meters.
a) Find the distance covered during the acceleration.
b) Find the distance traveled at constant speed.
c) Find the total time of travel.

𝑉𝐴 = 0 𝑉𝐵 = 40 𝑉𝐶 = 40 𝑉𝐷 = 0

B C D
A
𝑎1 = 4 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑎2 = 0 𝑎2 = −5𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠1 𝑡2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠2 𝑡3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠3

𝒔1 + 𝒔2 + 𝒔3 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎 Segment B→C:


𝒕1 + 𝒕2 + 𝒕3 = 𝑻 𝑠2 = 𝑣2 𝑡2

𝑠2 = 40𝑡2
Segment A→B:

𝑣 𝟐 = 𝒗𝟐𝒐 + 2𝑎𝑠 Segment C→D:

40𝟐 = 02 + 2(4)𝑠1 𝑣 𝟐 = 𝒗𝟐𝒐 + 2𝑎𝑠

𝒔𝟏 = 200m (answer for a) 0𝟐 = 402 + 2(−5)𝑠3

𝑣 = 𝒗𝒐 + 𝑎𝑡1 𝒔𝟑 = 160m

40 = 0 + (4)𝑡1 𝑣 = 𝒗𝒐 + 𝑎𝑡1

𝑡1 = 10 𝑠𝑒𝑐 0 = 40 + (−5)𝑡3
𝑡3 = 8 𝑠𝑒𝑐

Since we have the values of 𝒔1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒔3 , we can solve the value of 𝒔2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡2 ,
𝒔1 + 𝒔2 + 𝒔3 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎

𝟐𝟎𝟎 + 𝒔2 + 𝟏𝟔𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎

𝒔2 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎𝒎 (answer for b)


𝑠2 = 40𝑡2

640 = 40𝑡2
𝑡2 = 16 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑻 = 𝒕1 + 𝒕2 + 𝒕3 = 𝟏𝟎 + 16 +8=34 sec (answer for c)

DISCUSSIONS 9,10,11
[ENGR. EDMUNDO A. OBIÑA]-DYNAMICS
FREELY FALLING BODIES

Problem 1005
, the sounds of the splash is heard. If the velocity of sound is 1120 ft/sec,
what is the depth of the well?

𝒕𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒆 + 𝒕𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 = 𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄


2ℎ ℎ
√ =5−
For 𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 (free falling b0dy): 32.2 1120
1 2
ℎ= 𝑔𝑡 2ℎ ℎ 2
2 = (5 − )
32.2 1120
2ℎ ℎ = 88759.73 𝑎𝑛𝑑 353.31
𝑡=√
𝑔

For 𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 (uniform motion): for h=88759.73 ft


ℎ = 𝑣𝑡
2(88759.75)
ℎ 𝑡=√
𝑡= 32.2
𝑣 = 74.2 sec > 5 sec(𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑘𝑎𝑦)

Thus,
for h=353.31 ft
2ℎ ℎ
√ + =5 2(353.31)
𝑔 𝑣 𝑡=√
32.2
= 4.68 sec < 5 sec(𝑜𝑘𝑎𝑦)
Thus, h=353.31 ft
2ℎ ℎ
√ + =5
32.2 1120

DISCUSSIONS 9,10,11
[ENGR. EDMUNDO A. OBIÑA]-DYNAMICS
Problem 1009
A ball is shot vertically into the air at a velocity of 193.2 ft per sec. After 4 sec, another ball is
shot vertically into the air. What initial velocity must the second ball have in order to meet the
first ball 386.4 ft from the ground?

Given:

𝑎 = −𝑔 = −32.2𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
𝑠 = 386.4 𝑓𝑡

Solution:
1
𝑠 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
386.4 = 𝑣0 𝑡 − (32.2)𝑡 2
2
First ball,
1
386.4 = 𝑣0 𝑡 − (32.2)𝑡 2
2
𝑡 2 − 12𝑡 + 24 = 0
𝑡 = 9.64 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2.5

Use t=9.46 sec


Second Ball:
1
386.4 = 𝑣0 (𝑡 − 4) − (32.2)(𝑡 − 4)2
2
1
386.4 = 𝑣0 (9.46 − 4) − (32.2)(9.46 − 4)2
2
𝒗𝒐 = 𝟏𝟓𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒔𝒆𝒄 (answer)

DISCUSSIONS 9,10,11
[ENGR. EDMUNDO A. OBIÑA]-DYNAMICS
MOTION WITH VARIABLE ACCELERATION
Problem 1019
The motion of a particle is given by the equation 𝑠 = 2𝑡 4 − 𝑡 3 + 2𝑡 2 where s is in
1
6
meter and t in seconds. Compute the values of 𝑣 and 𝑎 when 𝑡=2 sec.
1
𝑠 = 2𝑡 4 − 𝑡 3 + 2𝑡 2
6

𝑑𝑠
𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 1
𝑣= (2𝑡 4 − 𝑡 3 + 2𝑡 2 )
𝑑𝑡 6
1
𝑣 = 8𝑡 3 − 𝑡 2 + 4𝑡
2

𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 1
𝑎= (8𝑡 3 − 𝑡 2 + 4𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑎 = 24𝑡 2 − 𝑡 + 4
When 𝑡=2 sec;
1
𝑣 = 8(2)3 − (2)2 + 4(2) = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
2

𝑎 = 24(2)2 − 2 + 4 = 𝟗𝟖 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

DISCUSSIONS 9,10,11
[ENGR. EDMUNDO A. OBIÑA]-DYNAMICS
Problem 01 (CURVILINEAR TANSLATION)
A projectile is fired up the inclined plane at an initial velocity of 15 m/s. The plane is making an
angle of 30° from the horizontal. If the projectile was fired at 30° from the incline, compute the
maximum height z measured perpendicular to the incline that is reached by the projectile.
Neglect air resistance.

𝑣𝑂 = 15 𝑚/𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑡 = 7.5 (0.8828)


𝑥 = 6.62 𝑚
𝑣𝑂𝑥 = 15 cos 60 = 7.5 𝑚/𝑠

𝑣𝑂𝑦 = 15 sin 60 = 12.99 𝑚/𝑠


2 2
𝑣𝑎𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 2𝑔𝑦
4.332 = 12.992 − 2(9.81)𝑦
At point A (max H perpendicular to the
plane) 𝑦 = 7.64 𝑚

𝑣𝑎𝑥 = 𝑣𝑂𝑥 = 15 cos 60 = 7.5 𝑚/𝑠


𝑣𝑎𝑦 = 7.5 tan 30 = 4.33 𝑚/𝑠 𝑎 = 𝑥 tan 30 = 6.62 tan 30
𝑎 = 3.82 𝑚

𝑣𝑎𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡
𝑧
4.33 = 12.99 − (9.81)𝑡 cos 30 =
𝑦−𝑎
𝑡 = 0.8828 𝑠 𝑧 = (𝑦 − 𝑎)𝑐𝑜𝑠30
𝑧 = (7.64 − 3.82)𝑐𝑜𝑠30

𝒛 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟏 𝒎 (answer)

DISCUSSIONS 9,10,11
[ENGR. EDMUNDO A. OBIÑA]-DYNAMICS
KINETICS
1057. The coefficient of kinetic friction under block A in Fig. P-1057 is 0.30 and
under block B it is 0.20. Find the acceleration of the system and the tension in
each cord

AT C, 𝑇1 = 75.98 + 3.11𝑎 − − − − − (𝑒𝑞. 3)

𝑊
𝑊 − 𝑇2 = 𝑎 ; ↓ (+)
𝑔 Substitute Equations 3 and 1 to Equation 2,
300
𝑇2 = 300 − 𝑎 − − − − − (𝑒𝑞. 1)
32.2
𝑇2 − 𝑇1 − 134.64 = 6.21𝑎 − − − − − (𝑒𝑞. 2)
300
AT B, (300 − 𝑎) − (75.98 + 3.11𝑎) − 134.64
32.2
𝑊 = 6.21𝑎
𝑇2 − 𝑇1 − 𝑊𝑠𝑖𝑛30 − 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑠30(μ) = 𝑎 ;
𝑔 𝒂 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝒇𝒕/𝒔𝟐
→ (+)

𝑇2 − 𝑇1 − 200𝑠𝑖𝑛30 − 200𝑐𝑜𝑠30(0.2)
200 300
= 𝑎 𝑇2 = 300 − (4.8) = 𝟐𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟖 𝒍𝒃𝒔
32.2 32.2

𝑇2 − 𝑇1 − 134.64 = 6.21𝑎 − − − − − (𝑒𝑞. 2) 𝑇1 = 75.98 + 3.11(4.8) = 𝟗𝟎. 𝟗𝟏 𝒍𝒃𝒔

AT A,
𝑊
𝑇1 − 𝑊𝑠𝑖𝑛30 − 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑠30(μ) = 𝑎 ; → (+)
𝑔
100
𝑇1 − 100𝑠𝑖𝑛30 − 100𝑐𝑜𝑠30(0.2) = 𝑎
32.2
DISCUSSIONS 9,10,11
[ENGR. EDMUNDO A. OBIÑA]-DYNAMICS

Common questions

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To determine the total time of travel, sum the time durations for each phase: acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration. For acceleration, time t1 is calculated using v = a*t1, yielding t1 = 10 sec for an acceleration to 40 m/s at 4 m/s². For constant speed, use s2 = v*t2 and solve for t2, giving t2 = 16 sec for a constant speed of 40 m/s over 640 meters. For deceleration, use v = a*t3 with negative acceleration, giving t3 = 8 sec for deceleration from 40 m/s to rest. The total travel time, T, is t1 + t2 + t3 = 10 + 16 + 8 = 34 sec .

To meet the first ball, the second ball must be set to travel the same vertical distance, 386.4 ft, but its release is delayed by 4 seconds. Solve for the initial velocity vo required, using the equation s = vo(t-4) - (1/2)g(t-4)² with t obtained from solving the quadratic equation of motion for 386.4 = vo*t - (1/2)g*t². The calculated initial velocity for the second ball is vo = 158.67 ft/sec .

The depth computation extends from the relation: total time = free-fall time + sound travel time. With free fall h = (1/2)gt² and sound traveling at constant speed h = vt, combine as the equation √(2h/g) + h/v = total time, here 5 sec, correctly addressing physics of motion dynamics and speed of sound .

Variable acceleration requires integration to determine velocity and displacement, unlike constant acceleration where simple equations suffice. The velocity v is the derivative ds/dt = 8t^3 - 0.5t² + 4t, and acceleration a is the second derivative: a = dv/dt = 24t² - t + 4. At t = 2 sec, the calculations provide v = 70 m/s and a = 98 m/s², revealing how motion equations change dynamically with time .

The solution's correctness lies in ensuring physical time feasibility. Calculation shows h = 88759.73 ft renders tstone > total time, exceeding practical limits, thereby invalidating it. The alternative h = 353.31 ft yields tstone that meets composite equation within total stipulated observation timeframe, thus correct .

Understanding projectile paths on inclines necessitates resolving velocity vectors, separating horizontal (v0x) and vertical (v0y) components relative to incline angle. Primary equations: vax = v0x, vay calculation at apex with trigonometry determine perpendicular height z attained using cos component of resultant height minus base distance a, clarifying angular impact on total trajectory derivation .

The depth of the well is calculated considering the time taken by the stone to hit the water (tstone) and the time taken for the sound to travel back (tsound), summing to the total time, tstone + tsound = 5 sec. The equation for free fall, h = (1/2)gt², and uniform motion, h = vt, are combined as √(2h/g) + h/v = 5, where g is the gravity, and v is the speed of sound. The acceptable solution, ensuring t falls within the physical constraints, results in a depth h = 353.31 ft .

To calculate the distance covered during the acceleration phase, use the equation for motion with constant acceleration: s = v^2 / (2a), where v is the final velocity and a is the acceleration. In this case, the automobile starts from rest (initial velocity, vo = 0) and accelerates to a final velocity of 40 m/s with an acceleration of 4 m/s². Thus, the distance covered during acceleration, s1, is 402 / (2 × 4) = 200 meters .

Friction coefficients alter the net force balance in the pulley system, affecting acceleration a and tension T. Using equations: (T2 = mg - m(ga)) and solving, incorporating μ for kinetic friction, yields net force and acceleration. Equation 3 (T1 = 75.98 + 3.11a) and substituting in overall balance equations yield acceleration a = 4.8 ft/s², T2 = 255.28 lbs, and T1 = 90.91 lbs, clearly showing frictional force reduction impacts .

To find the maximum height reached by a projectile on an inclined plane, first resolve initial velocity into components. For an incline angle θ = 30° and velocity components v0x = 7.5 m/s and v0y = 12.99 m/s derive the time to maximum height using vy = voy - gt, yielding t = 0.8828 s. Calculate horizontal distance x and utilize energy conservation for height, utilizing trigonometry to adjust perpendicular height z, resulting in z = 3.31 m .

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