The Human Reproductive
System
How do humans reproduce?
Sexual Reproduction
The Human Reproductive system
The male and female reproductive organs are structurally
different but both have primary and accessory
reproductive organs.
What is the Difference Between Sexual And
Asexual Reproduction?
The Primary and the Accessory
Reproductive Organs
[Link] reproductive organs
➢ responsible for the production
of the gametes or sex cells and
hormones.
➢ gonads or sex glands
➢ the testes where the sperm
cell or spermatozoa are
produced
➢ the ovaries where the egg cell
or ova is produced.
The Primary and the Accessory
Reproductive Organs
2. Accessory reproductive organs
➢ responsible for nourishing and
transporting the gametes to the
different parts of the reproductive
system.
The Male Reproductive System
The male reproductive system is made up of different parts that help in the production,
nourishment and release of the gametes.
The Male Reproductive System
a. Testes is where production of the sperm cell or
spermatozoa happens through the process of
spermatogenesis.
b. Scrotum is the sac or pouch of skin that hangs
underneath the penis which houses the testes and
provides protection to the sperm by keeping the
temperature slightly lower than the body for proper
production of sperm cells.
c. Epididymis is a long coiled J-shaped tube behind each
testis. It transports and temporarily stores the immature
sperm cells produced in the testis until it matures and is
ready for fertilization.
d. Vas deferens or Ductus deferens is the duct that
transports the mature sperm cell to the urethra in
preparation for ejaculation. Ejaculation refers to the
discharge of semen through the urethra. Semen is a
mixture of sperm cells and various secretions.
The Male Reproductive System
e. Urethra is the tube connected to the urinary
bladder that extends to the opening of the penis.
This tube transports the urine from the urinary
bladder and the semen outside the body. The
valve within the urethra prevents the mixing of
urine or sperm.
f. Penis is the organ which encloses the urethra
and is the male external sexual organ for the
delivery of the sperm into the female body. It is
composed of spongy tissue with blood spaces
that are filled with blood when the penis is erect.
g. Seminal Vesicles these are twisted muscular
tubes with many sac-like pouches. Its glandular
linings produce a thick, yellow, alkaline secretion [Link] 1
rich in sugar (fructose) that provides
nourishment to the sperm cell.
The Male Reproductive System
h. Prostate Gland ducts carry thin alkaline
secretions into the urethra that helps in
nourishing the sperm cells.
i. Bulbourethral Glands or also called the
Cowper’s gland, secrete a clear slippery fluid
that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes
acidity due to the residual drops of urine in
the urethra
j. Ejaculatory ducts are the tubes lined with
muscles that contract to force the semen
out of the body during ejaculation. [Link] 1
The Female Reproductive System
The female reproductive system is made up of different parts that helps
perform the following functions:
•production of the egg cell
•Nourishment and protection of the fertilized egg during pregnancy
•Production of the female sex hormones to maintain the reproductive
cycle.
The Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
• The primary female reproductive
organs, where the egg cells or ova are
formed.
• It stores the follicles where in one
matures every month and releases an
egg or ovum on the oviduct.
• It also serve in the production of the
female hormones estrogen and
progesterone which are important for
the reproductive function.
Oviduct or Fallopian Tubes are the tubes
that transport the ova to the uterus. It
takes 5 days for an ovum to reach the
uterus from the ovary.
The Female Reproductive System
Uterus
• the womb
• where the fetus develops during pregnancy.
• The wider upper part is called the corpus or body
while the lower, narrower part is the cervix or
neck.
Endometrium
• The specialized epithelial tissue lining of the
uterus.
• This is where the fertilized egg implants itself and
develops during pregnancy but if the egg is not
fertilized the lining shreds of and comes out of the
body as menstruation.
The Female Reproductive System
Cervix
• located between the vagina and the uterus.
• It is the opening through which the sperm cell
must pass through to fertilize the egg.
• where the baby exits the uterus and enters the
vagina during birth.
Vagina
• a tube-like muscular structure that connects the
internal reproductive organ to the external
genitalia.
• It ends at the cervix and is the points of entry of
the penis during sexual intercourse.
• Its wall is elastic which allows it to expand during
child birth and sexual intercourse.
• the final passageway through which a baby exits
during birth.
The Female Reproductive System
Cervix
• is the external genitalia
Mons veneris/ mons pubis is the hairy skin covered
pad of fat over the pubic bone.
Labia majora is the large lips covered with pubic
hair.
Labia minora is the small lips covered with modified
skin.
Clitoris is the small almond-shaped erectile tissue
located below the junction of two minora.
Vaginal orifice is the opening into the vagina.
Sperm cell VS Egg Cell
What do you think is the difference between the two sex
cells?
The male and female gametes differ in size, number
and mobility.
[Link] 1
Sperm cell VS Egg Cell
1. Size
The sperm cells are relatively much smaller which are
about 0.06 mm compared to much larger egg cells which
are about 0.1 mm in diameter.
2. Number
The male gametes are much larger in number. About
millions are released in each ejaculation while for
females only one egg is released during ovulation.
3. Mobility
The male gametes are motile or are capable of moving [Link] 1
or swimming due to the help of their flagellum while
female gametes are non-motile.
It is transported from the ovary to the uterus through
the help of the fimbriae and cilia (small hair like
projections) covered walls of the fallopian tube.
Observe the graph and share your insights
• Do you think you have a good understanding about the
changes that happen in your body? Why or Why not?
• Why do you think it is important to learn how the
reproductive system works?
• What are the practices that you can do to take care of your
reproductive system?