Tutorial sheet UNIT 1
BOILERS
1 Boiler evaporates 3.6 kg of water per kg of coal into dry saturated steam at 10 bar. The
temperature of feed water is 32 degree Celcius. Find the equivalent evaporation from and
100 degree Celcius , and the evaporation factor.
2 The following observations were made in a boiler trial: coal used is 250 kg, the calorific value
is 29800 kj/kg, water evaporated is 2000 kg, steam pressure is 11.5 bar, dryness fraction of
steam is 0.95, and feed water temperature is 34 degree celcius ,Calculate the equivalent
evaporation per kg of fuel, and boiler efficiency.
3 Boiler generates 2400 kg of dry steam per hour at a pressure of 11 bar. The grate area of the
coal is 3 metre square and 90 kg of coal is burnt per metre square of grate area per hour.
The calorific value of the coal is 33180 kj/kg, and the temperature of feed water is 17.5 degree
celcius. Determine (1) actual evaporation per kg of coal. (2) equivalent evaporation. (3)
efficiency of the boiler.
Steam Nozzles
1 Dry saturated steam at 5 bar with negligible velocity expands isentropically in a convergent nozzle to 1
bar and dryness fraction 0.94. Determine the velocity of steam at the exit of nozzle.
2 Dry saturated steam enters a steam nozzle at a pressure of 15 bar and is discharged at a pressure of 2
bar. If the dryness fraction of discharge steam is 0.96, what will be the final velocity of steam? Neglect
initial velocity of steam. If 10% of heat drop is lost in friction, Examine (find) the percentage reduction
in the final velocity.
3 Dry saturated steam at 10 bar is expanded in a nozzle to a pressure of 0.7 bar. With the help of a Mollier
diagram, find the velocity and dryness fraction of the steam issuing from the nozzle, if the friction is
neglected. Also, find the velocity and dryness fraction of the steam if 15% of the heat drop is lost in
actual friction.
4 Estimate the mass flow rate of steam in a nozzle with the following data: inlet pressure and temperature
are 10 bar and 200°C; back pressure is 0.5 bar; throat diameter is 12 mm.
5 Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 8 bar enters a convergent divergent nozzle and leaves it at a
pressure of 1.5 bar. If the flow is isentropic and if the corresponding expansion index is 1.133, find the
ratio of cross-sectional area at exit and throat for maximum discharge.
6 Steam at a pressure of 10 bar and 0.9 dry discharges through nozzle having throat area of 450 mm square
If the back pressure is 1 bar. Find, (i) Final velocity of the steam (ii) Cross-sectional area of the nozzle at
exit for maximum discharge. Using steam table to solve this problem.