CHAPTER N°3: Automation and Industrial Engineering branches

CHAPTER N°3: Automation and Industrial Engineering branches

3.1. Definitions

3.1.1. Industrial automation chains

The industrial production chain is the set of manufacturing operations required to produce
a manufactured product, from raw materials to market launch. A production system is said to be
automated when it can autonomously manage a pre-established work cycle broken down into
sequences or stages.
The benefits of automation:
•Cycle times for parts on your production line are optimized.
•Production costs are reduced.
• Energy savings and waste reduction.
•Space in your production unit is better utilized.
• Product quality and reliability are improved.
•The risk of error is reduced

3.1.2. Numerically controlled machine tools

Digitization is always associated with new technology. The numerically controlled
machine tool (NCMT) is a specific piece of equipment driven by numerical control via a
computer. A numerical control system groups together all the hardware and software used
to order the movements to be performed by the machine tool. All this machine-tool control
information is processed in the form of a sequentially executed program. Response times
for such commands are in the order of ten microseconds.
 CHAPTER N°3: Automation and Industrial Engineering branches

3.1.3. Robotics
Robotics is a field of activity covering the study, design and manufacture of robots or
automated machines. It requires skills in computing, electronics and mechanics. A robot is defined
as a machine equipped with sensors, actuators and a logic system.

3.1.4. Inventory management

Inventory management, a strategic element of the supply chain, refers to the tracking of
stock from manufacturers to warehouses, and then to a point of sale. Inventory management is
used to get the right products to the right place at the right time.
The aim of inventory management is to minimize the cost of holding merchandise, by helping
you to know when it's time to restock products or buy back your raw materials to manufacture
them.
The different types of inventory :
❖ Raw materials,
❖ Work-in-process (WIP),
❖ Finished products,
❖ WIP. maintenance,
❖ repair and operating (MRO) goods.

3.1.5. Freight traffic management

A commodity is an object intended for sale. In principle, commodities are tangible
goods, but by extension we use the term merchant services to designate standardized services
that are produced and sold publicly under the same conditions as goods. Traffic management
systems can be used to define appropriate measures for reducing number of accidents and the
impact of delays on road freight traffic.
The objectives of freight traffic management:
1. Reduced carrier traffic
2. faster delivery frequencies.
3. reduced point-of-sale inventories.
4. lower delivery costs.
The use of new information and communication technology helps
to solving transport and traffic problems.
 CHAPTER N°3: Automation and Industrial Engineering branches

3.1.6. Quality
The French standards association (AFNOR) defines this as "the ability of a product or
service to satisfy the needs of users". The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
offers a similar definition: "it is the set of properties and characteristics of a product, process or
service that give it its specific character. ability to satisfy expressed or implicit needs".
A few words to sum up these definitions:
•Compliance with standards, - Ability to satisfy user needs, - Closer to the customer's
needs desire than need.

3.2. Fields of application

3.2.1. Automatic
Automation is a science that deals with the modeling, analysis, identification and
control of dynamic systems. Its theoretical foundations include mathematics, signal theory
and theoretical computer science. Automation enables a system to be controlled according to
specifications (speed, precision, stability, etc.).
The aim of the automatic control specialization is to train engineers capable of
integrating their technical skills to steer the design process of complex systems, to develop
the automatic control subsystem or the electronic and microelectronic subsystems, while
implementing the associated IT tools. In industry, automated systems have become
indispensable: they enable the most thankless, repetitive and dangerous tasks to be carried
out on a daily basis. Sometimes, these automations are so fast and so precise that they perform
actions that would be impossible for a human being.
 CHAPTER N°3: Automation and Industrial Engineering branches

3.2.2. Industrial engineering

The Industrial Engineering specialization is based on computer engineering and
automatic control, with an emphasis on human sciences and management. It enables students
to understand complex technical and human systems in their entirety, and to analyze, model,
simulate, develop and optimize them.
As a discipline, industrial engineering focuses on how things can be done better. This
engineering discipline is concerned with: the design and management of processes and systems
that improve the quality and productivity of a company's supply chain.
Industrial engineering provides a systematic approach to streamlining and improving
productivity and efficiency. the efficiency of organizations, whether governmental or private.
The term "industrial" is not limited to the manufacturing or shop floor dimension. It is
recognized that industrial engineers have the technical training to make improvements to a
manufacturing system.

3.3. The specialist's role

3.3.1. Automation engineer

Main mission:
The automation engineer is a company automation professional. The automation engineer
designs and implements complex automated systems.
Main business:
➢ Designs the general architecture of a machine or automated production line,
➢ Follows and manages a technical project,
➢ Programs and starts up machines.
Tasks:
•Analyzes the operations to be carried out, in liaison with the production department.
• Drafts the specifications, taking into account the needs expressed.
•Defines and designs the architecture of an automated production line
• Organizes and manages the project, respecting the schedule
• Leads negotiations with suppliers
• Ensures PLC programming, defines and monitors tests as well as machine start-up
• Trains and advises users of automated equipment and services.
 CHAPTER N°3: Automation and Industrial Engineering branches

Skills :
Proficiency in Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software
Proficiency in the Computer-Aided Group Technology (CAGT)
Uses integrated management software packages
Provides technical support to quality, maintenance and methods departments
Ensures compliance with quality standards
Organization, project and schedule management
Managerial skills
Ability to listen and provide service
Negotiation skills
Technology watch
Technical command of English.
Future prospects
•Project manager.
•Design office manager.
•Production manager.
•Production manager industrial.
 CHAPTER N°3: Automation and Industrial Engineering branches

3.3.2. Industrial engineer

Main mission:
Industrial engineering engineers design and manage product industrialization.
Industrial engineers help optimize the performance of industrial organizations.
Main business:
➢ Optimize and validate production processes

➢ Define product manufacturing processes.

Tasks:
❖ Validates feasibility studies, certification and qualification plans
❖ Prepares the file manufacturing: choice of procedures, drafting of instruction sheets
for the production department
❖ Participates in defining manufacturing processes for new products
❖ Arbitrates and allocates means and resources (human, financial, deadlines,
materials, etc.),
❖ Checks that production processes comply with specifications
❖ Analyzes production costs, defines cost prices.
Skills:
•Carries out an internal audit
• Is proficient in Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CAD) software
• Implements a continuous improvement approach
• Manages and controls a budget
• Is proficient in Computer-Aided Manufacturing Design (CAD/CAM) software
• Is proficient in Computer-Aided Maintenance Management (CAMM) software
• Is proficient in the following methods: - Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO)
•work organization
• Master and integrate problem-solving methods and tools
• Comply with quality standards
•Carry out maintenance procedures
• Comply with Quality, Health, Safety and Environment (QHSE) rules
• Analyze production activity data
• Provide technical support to quality, maintenance and methods departments
•,Manage a department or structure
• Negotiate a contract.
 CHAPTER N°3: Automation and Industrial Engineering branches

Development prospects:
Production manager, - Project manager, - Department manager, - Industrial production manager
CHAPTER N°3: Automation and Industrial Engineering branches