HOMOGENEOUS DEs
Check if the function is Homogeneous:
𝒚 𝒙𝟒 −𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 +𝒚𝟒
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( ) −
𝒙 𝒚𝟐 −𝒙𝟐
𝑓(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = 𝜆𝑘 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜆𝑦(𝜆𝑥)4 −4(𝜆𝑥)2 (𝜆𝑦)2 +(𝜆𝑦)4
3(𝜆𝑥)2 sin (𝜆𝑥 ) − (𝜆𝑦)2 −(𝜆𝑥)2
𝑦 𝜆 4 𝑥 4 −4𝜆4 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 +𝜆4 𝑦 4
3𝜆2 𝑥 2 sin (𝑥 ) − 𝜆2 𝑦 2 −𝜆2 𝑥 2
2 2 𝑦 𝜆2 (𝑥 4 −4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 +𝑦4 )
3𝜆 𝑥 sin (𝑥 ) − (𝑦 2 −𝑥 2 )
𝑦 𝑥 −4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 +𝑦 4
4
𝜆2 [3𝑥 2 sin (𝑥 ) − 𝑦 2 −𝑥 2
]
𝐻𝑂𝑀𝑂𝐺𝐸𝑁𝐸𝑂𝑈𝑆 𝐷𝐸
Solve for the solution of the DE:
𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒚𝟐 +𝒙𝒚
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
3(𝜆𝑦)2 +(𝜆𝑥)(𝜆𝑦)
(𝜆𝑥)2
𝜆2 [3𝑦 2 +𝑥𝑦]
𝜆2 𝑥 2
HOMOGENEOUS
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣
𝑣𝑑𝑥+𝑥𝑑𝑣 3(𝑣𝑥)2 +𝑥(𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥2
𝑣𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑣 3𝑣 2 𝑥 2 +𝑣𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥2
𝑥𝑑𝑣
𝑣+ 𝑑𝑥
= 3𝑣 2 + 𝑣
𝑥𝑑𝑣 = 3𝑣 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑣2
= 3∫ 𝑥
1
− 𝑣 = 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ; 𝑣 = 𝑥
1
− 𝑦 = 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶
( )
𝑥
𝑥
− 𝑦 = 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥
𝑦 = − 3𝑙𝑛𝑥+𝐶
Solve for the solution of the DE:
𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙𝒚
𝒅𝒙
= 𝒚𝟐−𝒙𝟐
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣
𝑣𝑑𝑥+𝑥𝑑𝑣 2𝑥(𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
= (𝑣𝑥)2 −𝑥 2
𝑣𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑣 2𝑥 2 𝑣
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 (𝑣 2 −1)
2
𝑥𝑑𝑣 2𝑣
𝑣 + 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 2 −1
𝑥𝑑𝑣 2𝑣
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑣 2 −1 − 𝑣
𝑥𝑑𝑣 2𝑣−(𝑣 3 −𝑣)
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑣 2 −1
𝑥𝑑𝑣 3𝑣−𝑣 3
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑣 2 −1
𝑣 2 −1 1
∫ (3𝑣−𝑣 3 ) 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
Integration by Substitution
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = 3𝑣 − 𝑣 3 ; 𝑑𝑢 = (3 − 3𝑣 2 )𝑑𝑣 ; 𝑑𝑢 = −3(𝑣 2 − 1)𝑑𝑣 ; ; = (𝑣 2 − 1)𝑑𝑣
−3
1 𝑑𝑢 1
∫−3 𝑢
= ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
− 3 ln|𝑢| = ln|𝑥| + 𝐶
1
− ln|3𝑣 − 𝑣 3 | = ln|𝑥| + 𝐶
3
𝑦 𝑦 3
ln |3 ( ) − ( ) | = −3ln|𝑥| + 𝐶1 ; 𝐶1 = −3𝐶
𝑥 𝑥
𝑒 =𝑒
𝑦 𝑦 3
3 (𝑥 ) − (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 −3 ln|𝑥|+𝐶1
𝑦 𝑦 3 1
3 (𝑥 ) − (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 𝐶2 ; ; ; 𝐶2 = 𝑒 𝐶1
3𝑦𝑥 3 𝑦3𝑥 3
− = 𝐶2
𝑥 𝑥3
2 3
3𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 𝐶2