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Trigonometric Ratios and Functions Guide

The document provides an overview of trigonometric functions and their definitions, focusing on the six trigonometric ratios related to right triangles. It explains the relationships between the angles and side lengths using the SOH-CAH-TOA principle and includes examples for calculating trigonometric values for specific angles. Additionally, it introduces the unit circle as a method for determining the values of trigonometric functions at common angles like 45°.

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Disang candry Buthe
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8 views8 pages

Trigonometric Ratios and Functions Guide

The document provides an overview of trigonometric functions and their definitions, focusing on the six trigonometric ratios related to right triangles. It explains the relationships between the angles and side lengths using the SOH-CAH-TOA principle and includes examples for calculating trigonometric values for specific angles. Additionally, it introduces the unit circle as a method for determining the values of trigonometric functions at common angles like 45°.

Uploaded by

Disang candry Buthe
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

03 APRIL-14 APRIL 2023

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Definitions of trig ratios and functions

In Trigonometry there are six trigonometric ratios that relate the angle measures of

a right triangle to the length of its sides. (Remember a right triangle contains a 90°

angle)

A right triangle can be formed from an initial side x and a terminal side r, where r is

the radius and hypotenuse of the right triangle. (see figure below) The Pythagorean

Theorem tells us that x² + y² = r², therefore r = √𝑥²+𝑦². 𝜃 (theta) is used to label a

non-right angle. The six trigonometric functions can be used to find the ratio of the

side lengths. The six functions are sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan), cosecant

(csc), secant (sec), and cotangent (cot). Below you will see the ratios formed by these

functions.

EPM 112 SEKGOMA, A M.


We can use the traditional SOH-CAH-TOA principle to derive our trig functions

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑦
1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑟

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥
2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑟

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
3. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = = note also that tan 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

1 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑟
4. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐 𝜃 = = =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑦

1 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑟
5. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = = =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥

1 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
6. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = = note also that 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

EPM 112 SEKGOMA, A M.


EXAMPLE

Use the triangle above to find the values of


i. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
ii. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
iii. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
iv. 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃
v. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
vi. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃

EPM 112 SEKGOMA, A M.


Finding the value of trig functions given an angle measure

Suppose you know the value of 𝜃 is 45°, how can this help you find the values of
the six trigonometric functions?
First way: You can familiarize yourself with the unit circle.

EPM 112 SEKGOMA, A M.


An ordered pair along the unit circle (x, y) can also be known as (cos 𝜃, sin 𝜃),
since the hypotenuse value on the unit circle is always 1. So to find the trig
function values for 45° you can look on the unit circle and easily see that
√2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 45° =
2
√2
cos 45 ° =
2
With that information we can easily find the values of the reciprocal functions
2
𝑐𝑠𝑐 45° =
√2
sec 45 ° = √2
We can also find the tangent and cotangent function values using the quotient
identities

√2
𝑠𝑖𝑛45
tan 45 ° = = 2
√2
=1
cos 45
2

𝐶𝑜𝑡 45 = 1

EXAMPLES
Find the values of the trig ratios
𝜋
1. sec 4

𝜋
2. tan 4

3. cot 240°

EPM 112 SEKGOMA, A M.


PRACTICE PROBLEMS

EPM 112 SEKGOMA, A M.


EPM 112 SEKGOMA, A M.
EPM 112 SEKGOMA, A M.

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